Cloning of the Pichia anomala SEC61 gene and its expression in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae sec61 mutant

In several organisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeast species, the product encoded by the SEC61 gene is considered to be the core element of the translocation apparatus within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane through which translocation of secretory and membrane proteins occurs. In this study, we have cloned and characterized the homolog of the SEC61 gene from the yeast Pichia anomala. The cloned gene includes an ORF, interrupted after the first ten nucleotides by an intron of 131 bp, encoding a 479-amino acid putative polypeptide exhibiting homology to the products encoded by different eukaryotic SEC61 genes, particularly to those from other yeast species. We show that the P. anomala SEC61 gene is correctly processed (intron splicing) when expressed in S. cerevisiae and that it is able to complement the thermosensitive phenotype associated with a mutation in the S. cerevisiae SEC61 gene.     

酿酒酵母脂肪酶基因TGL3的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

目的：克隆Saccharomy cescerevisiae脂肪酶基因,并实现其在Pichia pastoris中高效表达。方法：根据NCBIGenBank中已公布的Saccharomyces cerevisiae脂肪酶基因TGL3设计引物,以Saccharomyces cerevisiae总DNA为模板,PCR扩增目的片段,构建重组子pPIC9K-TGL3,转化到Pichia pastoris GS115。结果：扩增得到1929bp的基因片段,与GenBank中公布的序列氨基酸同源性达99.7%,编码的643个氨基酸中有脂肪酶的保守序列GXSXG,位于235～239位。重组子摇瓶发酵120h发酵液上清脂肪酶酶活达到60U/mL,酶学性质研究表明：该酶的最适作用温度为40℃,在25℃～40℃之间能保持60%以上酶活力。最适pH值为8.5,在pH6.5～9.0之间能保持50%以上的酶活力。除Al3＋和Fe2＋外,该酶不受Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Zn2＋、Cu2＋、Mn2＋、Ni＋、Sr2＋等多种金属离子的影响。结论：发酵液上清脂肪酶酶活达到60U/mL,是原菌株的10倍,成功实现了该基因的高效表达。     

Cloning and Expression of a Schwanniomyces occidentalis alpha-Amylase Gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

An alpha-amylase gene (AMY) was cloned from Schwanniomyces occidentalis CCRC 21164 into Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22 by inserting Sau3AI-generated DNA fragments into the BamHI site of YEp16. The 5-kilobase insert was shown to direct the synthesis of alpha-amylase. After subclones containing various lengths of restricted fragments were screened, a 3.4-kilobase fragment of the donor strain DNA was found to be sufficient for alpha-amylase synthesis. The concentration of alpha-amylase in culture broth produced by the S. cerevisiae transformants was about 1.5 times higher than that of the gene donor strain. The secreted alpha-amylase was shown to be indistinguishable from that of Schwanniomyces occidentalis on the basis of molecular weight and enzyme properties.     

拟康氏木霉eg1基因的克隆及在酿酒酵母中的分泌表达

从拟康氏木霉3.3002基因组中克隆了内切葡聚糖酶EGI基因,该基因全长1566 bp,由3个外显子2个内含子组成,编码461个氨基酸.编码蛋白EGI的N端为22aa组成的信号肽,其后依次为催化结构域、连接肽和结合结构域.采用重叠PCR法获得无内含子的内切葡聚糖酶基因eg1,并将其成熟肽编码序列插入酿酒酵母分泌型表达载...     

glyA基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

根据已知的序列设计引物,以大肠杆菌XL10-Gold总DNA为模板进行梯度PCR,并进行DNA序列测定,其序列与已经报道的glyA基因完全一致。将其克隆到毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pHBM905C上,获得表达质粒pHBM1001.该质粒转化毕赤酵母GS115所得重组子经PCR验证后成功进行了诱导表达,并初步测定了酶活力。     

酒类酒球菌mleP基因的克隆及其在酿酒酵母中的表达

苹果酸通透酶具有协助苹果酸 乳酸发酵 (MLF)的重要功能。以酒类酒球菌 (Oenococcusoeni)优良菌系Oenococcus Lee SD 2a的总DNA为模板 ,用PCR方法克隆到苹果酸通透酶基因mleP ,构建了重组质粒pBMmleP。序列分析表明克隆到的基因序列与已报道的序列同源性为 99%。为使目的基因在酿酒酵母中表达 ,以大肠杆菌 酿酒酵母穿梭质粒YEp35 2为载体 ,以PGK1强启动子和ADH1终止子为调控元件 ,构建了重组表达质粒YEpmleP ,并转化酿酒酵母 (Saccharomycescerevisiae)YS5 8。酵母转化子用含有亮氨酸、组氨酸和色氨酸的YNB平板筛选鉴定。获得的转化子在添加了L 苹果酸 (5g L)的培养基中培养 4d ;取培养液上清用HPLC检测 ,结果显示重组转化子YSP的培养液中L 苹果酸剩余含量均低于空载体转化子YS35 2 ,因此所得酵母重组转化子对苹果酸的转运能力有所提高     

Expression of Pichia anomala INV1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in two different active forms of hypoglycosylated invertase

The Pichia anomala invertase gene (INV1) was introduced at different copy numbers into a sucrose-nonfermenting mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and expressed from its own promoter sequences. The level reached in the production of invertase by the transformants (up to 540 units/10(10) cells) was in agreement with the INV1 gene dosage. Two forms of multimeric active and glycosylated invertase displaying different subcellular locations and molecular masses could be detected in the transformants. One was found to be present in the culture medium and in the periplasm, and the other could only be detected inside the cell. Each of the two heterologous forms of invertase was shown to be an oligomer composed of identical subunits. The difference found in the apparent molecular masses of their monomers (81.5 and 78.3 kDa, respectively) seems to be due to the size of their N-linked oligosaccharide chains (on average 2.4 and 1.9 kDa, respectively), since the number of sugar chains (9) and the molecular mass of the protein moiety (60.5 kDa) are identical in both forms. The shorter size of their oligosaccharides must also be the reason for the lower apparent molecular masses of the heterologous invertases when compared with the enzyme purified from P. anomala. The hypoglycosylated invertase accumulated within the cells of the transformants to an unusual level (up to 130 units/10(10) cells). Such accumulation of active enzyme inside the cells, as well as its underglycosylation, could be due to intrinsic properties of the P. anomala invertase that are determined by the particular primary structure of its protein moiety.     

Increase of acetate ester-hydrolysing esterase activity in mixed cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia anomala

Aim: To examine the efficacy of mixed cultures with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia anomala on flavour profiles of alcoholic beverages, a Pichia mutant with low levels of ethyl acetate that negatively impact on the sensory quality was isolated. Methods and Results: A petite mutant isolated from P. anomala NBRC 10213 treated with ethidium bromide had the lower activity of ethyl acetate‐hydrolysing esterase (EAHase) than the wild‐type in crude extracts. In the fermentation tests of pure cultures, the P. anomala mutant produced less ethanol, acetate and ethyl acetate than the wild‐type. In mixed cultures with S. cerevisiae, the P. anomala mutant died quicker and produced lower amounts of ethyl acetate than the wild‐type. Mixed cultures of S. cerevisiae and P. anomala showed higher activities of EAHase than pure culture of S. cerevisiae throughout the fermentation periods. The transition to the formation of acetate esters was considerably analogous to the transition to the activity of acetate ester‐hydrolysing esterase with little time lag. Conclusions: The P. anomala mutant was superior to the wild‐type in flavour profiles. The higher ethyl acetate concentrations formed mainly by P. anomala in mixed cultures are the primary stimulus for the EAHase in S. cerevisiae and the activity of acetate ester‐hydrolysing esterase is crucial to the formation of acetate esters in mixed cultures of S. cerevisiae and P. anomala. Significance and Impact of the Study: An application of non‐Saccharomyces yeast, P. anomala to enhance the sensory quality in alcoholic beverage and a mechanism of the formation of acetate esters in mixed cultures with S. cerevisiae and P. anomala were offered.     

Molecular Cloning and Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a Laccase Gene from the Ascomycete Melanocarpus albomyces

The lac1 gene encoding an extracellular laccase was isolated from the thermophilic fungus Melanocarpus albomyces. This gene has five introns, and it encodes a protein consisting of 623 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the laccase was shown to have high homology with laccases from other ascomycetes. In addition to removal of a putative 22-amino-acid signal sequence and a 28-residue propeptide, maturation of the translation product of lac1 was shown to involve cleavage of a C-terminal 14-amino-acid extension. M. albomyces lac1 cDNA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the inducible GAL1 promoter. Extremely low production was obtained with the expression construct containing laccase cDNA with its own signal and propeptide sequences. The activity levels were significantly improved by replacing these sequences with the prepro sequence of the S. cerevisiae α-factor gene. The role of the C-terminal extension in laccase production in S. cerevisiae was also studied. Laccase production was increased sixfold with the modified cDNA that had a stop codon after the native processing site at the C terminus.     

酿酒酵母rav2基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

RAVE(regulator of the H+-ATPase of the vacuolar and endosomal membranes)复合物由Ravl p,Rav2p和Skplp 3个亚基组成.将酿酒酵母中的rav2基因克隆到表达载体pETDuet-1中,构建重组质粒pETDuet-R2,并转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行表达.通过IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE分析重组菌在诱导后表达出目的蛋白.目的蛋白经Ni-NTA凝胶纯化后再经质谱进一步验证确定为酿酒酵母的Rav2p蛋白.目前国际上还没有有关Rav2p的结构和性质以及RAVE亚基之间相互关系的研究.重组质粒pETDuet-R2的成功构建以及Rav2p的可溶性表达为研究RAVE亚基之间的相互作用以及V-ATP酶的活性调节机理打下基础.     

PTD-NPY融合基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

应用重叠延伸PCR方法扩增HIV-1 TAT蛋白转导结构域(PTD)与鼠源神经肽Y(NPY)的融合基因,克隆目的片段并插入酵母表达载体pPICZαA,构建成重组表达质粒pPICZα-PTD-NPY.PCR和酶切鉴定及测序正确后,经限制性内切酶Sac Ⅰ线性化重组表达质粒并通过电转化整合到巴斯德毕赤酵母菌GS115的染色体基因组中.阳性重组酵母菌用含1%甲醇的培养基诱导其分泌表达.经过120 h的诱导,取上清浓缩除盐后进行SDS-PAGE电泳,表明该系统成功表达了PTD-NPY融合蛋白,Western blotting实验证实表达产物具有特异性.获得真核表达的PTD-NPY融合蛋白,为下一步的应用研究提供了物质基础.     

Oenococcusoeni苹果酸-乳酸酶基因克隆及其在酿酒酵母中的表达

苹果酸-乳酸酶是苹果酸-乳酸发酵过程中负责苹果酸转化为乳酸的功能酶。在进行酒酒球菌SD2a的苹果酸-乳酸酶基因(mleA)克隆测序基础上,以PGK1强启动子和ADH1终止子为调控元件,以大肠杆菌-酵母菌穿梭质粒YEp352为载体,构建了重组表达质粒并转化酿酒酵母YS58。酵母转化子用SD/Ura平板筛选鉴定。斑点杂交检测表明目的基因mleA转化到受体菌中,SDSPAGE检测表明获得的转化子表达了约60kDa的目标蛋白。获得的转化子在添加了L苹果酸的培养基中培养4d;取培养液上清用HPLC检测L苹果酸及L乳酸含量,采用t检验进行差异显著性分析,结果表明mleA基因进行了功能性的表达,将L苹果酸转化成L乳酸,L苹果酸和L乳酸含量分别与对照差异极显著和显著,苹果酸的相对降低率平均为20.95%。在有选择压力条件下,重组质粒相对稳定,而在无选择压力条件下,传代培养10d后大约有65%的重组质粒丢失。     

酸性木聚糖酶基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

运用“鸟枪法”克隆构建了环境微生物的基因组文库,并从中筛选得到一个酸性木聚糖酶基因,命名为xyl3,其在GenBank中的登录号为gb：AY300805。BLAST分析表明,该基因的序列同源性很低,其中仅存在很短的木聚糖酶基因的同源片段,其编码的木聚糖酶属于Glycosyl hydrolases family 10,与来源于Geobacillus stearothermophilus的intra—cellular xylanase在氨基酸水平具77％同源性。该基因经T4 DNA polymerase处理后,克隆至经限制性内切酶CpoⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切后的毕赤酵母表达载体pHBM905,获得重组质粒pHBM706。此重组质粒转化毕赤酵母GS115,经含有交联木聚糖的选择性培养平板和PCR扩增鉴定筛选得到重组毕赤酵母GS115（pHBM706）。以0．5％甲醇于28℃诱导产酶,测得重组毕赤酵母GS115（pHBM706）在诱导的第36h产酶达最高值,所产粗酶液酶活为0．177IU／mL。该酶的最适反应pH为5．5,最适反应温度为50℃。     

Cloning and Sequencing of an Endoglucanase Gene from Scopulariopsis brevicaulis TOF-1212, and Its Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The egI gene, encoding a major endoglucanase (EGI) of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis TOF-1212, was cloned and sequenced. The egI gene consisted of 868 bp with one intron and encoded a protein of 229 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 22,392 daltons. The EGI was assigned to a family 45 of glycosyl hydrolases and showed high similarity with other fungal endoglucanases, especially with those of Humicola grisea and Fusarium oxysporum, on the basis of hydrophobic cluster analysis. The egI gene was expressed under the promoter of the phosphoglycerate kinase gene (PGK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The transformed cells were able to secrete the enzyme efficiently in an active form.     

酵母豆蔻酰辅酶A：蛋白质N端转酰基酶基因的克隆与表达

利用ＰＣＲ技术,从酵母染色体中扩增得到酵母豆蔻酰－ＣｏＡ：蛋白质Ｎ端转酰基酶（ＹＳＣＮＭＴ）基因,并克隆到ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔＫＳ＋载体中。由ＤＮＡ全序测定表明,获得了ＹＳＣＮＭＴ编码基因。进一步构建了Ｔ７Ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｒ控制下的含上述完整ＹＳＣＮＭＴ编码基因的表达质粒ｐＭＦＴ７－５－ＮＭＴ,转化大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）,进行ＩＰＴＧ诱导表达研究。通过ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,观察到一与理论分子量一致的诱导条带（约５３ｋＤ）,占全菌蛋白的３９％左右,且可溶性部分约占上清液中全部蛋白的３４％。经一步Ｐ１１磷酸纤维素阳离子交换柱层析,将其纯化到纯度达９７％以上．纯化的表达产物经Ｎ端氨基酸序列分析,所测定的Ｎ端５个氨基酸的序列,与从克隆的ＹＳＣＮＭＴ基因推出的氨基酸序列完全一致（不含Ｎ端Ｍｅｔ）。对所得的ＹＳＣＮＭＴ进行酶活力鉴定,观察到了明显的活力。     

Cloning and Expression of a Schwanniomyces occidentalis α-Amylase Gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

An α-amylase gene (AMY) was cloned from Schwanniomyces occidentalis CCRC 21164 into Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22 by inserting Sau3AI-generated DNA fragments into the BamHI site of YEp16. The 5-kilobase insert was shown to direct the synthesis of α-amylase. After subclones containing various lengths of restricted fragments were screened, a 3.4-kilobase fragment of the donor strain DNA was found to be sufficient for α-amylase synthesis. The concentration of α-amylase in culture broth produced by the S. cerevisiae transformants was about 1.5 times higher than that of the gene donor strain. The secreted α-amylase was shown to be indistinguishable from that of Schwanniomyces occidentalis on the basis of molecular weight and enzyme properties.     

Biocontrol of Mold Growth in High-Moisture Wheat Stored under Airtight Conditions by Pichia anomala, Pichia guilliermondii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Volume 61, no. 3, p. 1029, Table 1, boxhead over columns 2 to 4: "(CFU/plate)" should read "(log CFU/plate)." FIG. 1 [This corrects the article on p. 1027 in vol. 61.].     

长梗木霉内切葡聚糖酶I基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

一株纤维素酶高产菌株经ITS序列鉴定并命名为长梗木霉SSL (Trichoderma longibrachiatum, SSL)。利用RT-PCR的方法从该菌株中克隆出内切-1-4-β-D-葡聚糖酶I的基因 (eg1), 该基因全长1386 bp, 编码461个氨基酸。序列分析表明：该基因序列与T. longibrachiatum egl1基因具有90％以上的同源性。将该基因的成熟肽编码序列插入到Pichia pastoris表达载体ppic9k中, 构建重组表达质粒ppic9k-eg1, 转化P. pa