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1.
Dietary intakes of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene have been shown to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases in numerous studies. Serum and tissue lycopene levels have also been inversely related to the risk of lung and prostate cancers. Lycopene functions as a very potent antioxidant, and this is clearly a major important mechanism of lycopene action. In this regard, lycopene can trap singlet oxygen and reduce mutagenesis in the Ames test. However, evidence is accumulating for other mechanisms as well. Lycopene at physiological concentrations can inhibit human cancer cell growth by interfering with growth factor receptor signaling and cell cycle progression specifically in prostate cancer cells without evidence of toxic effects or apoptosis of cells. Studies using human and animal cells have identified a gene, connexin 43, whose expression is upregulated by lycopene and which allows direct intercellular gap junctional communication (GJC). GJC is deficient in many human tumors and its restoration or upregulation is associated with decreased proliferation. The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibits a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression in the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line, suggesting some interaction at a nuclear or subcellular level. The combination of lycopene and lutein synergistically interact as antioxidants, and this may relate to specific positioning of different carotenoids in membranes. This review will focus on the growing body of evidence that carotenoids have unexpected biologic effects in experimental systems, some of which may contribute to their cancer preventive properties in models of carcinogenesis. Consideration of solubility in vitro, comparison with doses achieved in humans by dietary means, interactions with other phytochemicals, and other potential mechanisms such as stimulation of xenobiotic metabolism, inhibition of cholesterogenesis, modulation of cyclooxygenase pathways, and inhibition of inflammation will be considered. This review will point out areas for future research where more evidence is needed on the effects of lycopene on the etiology of chronic disease. 相似文献
2.
V P Lozovo? V A Kozlov V A Trufakin A V Shurlygina 《Biulleten' eksperimental'no? biologii i meditsiny》1986,102(7):82-84
The correlative analysis of diurnal rhythms of cell number and adenylate cyclase cellular activity was performed in the thymus, spleen and peripheral blood of Swiss mice, intact or thymectomized at the age of 3 months. The existence of somehow synchronized diurnal rhythms of cAMP exchange and cell recirculation was found in the peripheral lymphocyte pool and in the thymus. Diurnal rhythm of cAMP synthesis in peripheral lymphocytes was regulated by the thymus. Thymectomy led to desynchronization of recirculating processes and cyclic nucleotide metabolism in immunocompetent cells. 相似文献
3.
Histologic sections of arteries can be used to generate three-dimensional (3D) geometric models and identify structural constituents. However, geometric distortions are introduced by fixation, embedding and sectioning; distortions which can, for example, lead to errors in stresses predicted by finite element models. We developed a method to measure and correct for distortions caused by acrylic processing and applied it to intact, healthy porcine coronary arteries. Micro-computed tomography was used to image arteries in the fresh and embedded states. Tissue blocks were sectioned, stained and imaged using a light microscope. Each section contained four registration marks used to determine strains introduced by sectioning and staining. Using these three image sets, 3D geometric models were generated and distortions were measured. Fixation, processing, and embedding resulted in shrinkage of 6.4+/-2.3% axially and 35.4+/-5.0% in mean cross-sectional area (n=5). Shrinkage in a cross section was well characterized by a uniform, equibiaxial strain. Sectioning and staining resulted in additional compressive strains in the sectioning direction of 0.067+/-0.011 and, in the direction perpendicular to sectioning, of 0.023+/-0.005 (n=5). These strains are assumed uniform and form the basis for correcting section geometry. Reconstructions using corrections for sectioning and shrinkage-related distortions had errors of 1.6+/-0.5% (n=5) and 4.0+/-1.7% (n=5), respectively. 相似文献
4.
O. N. Mukhametova 《Journal of Ichthyology》2010,50(8):660-670
Ichthyoplankton surveys are made in lagoon water bodies of the south-eastern part of Sakhalin (the Vavai-Chibisan system of
lakes, Lake Tunaicha, Lake Izmenchivoe) from April until November 2002–2007. Comparative characteristics of ichthyoplankton
complexes in the ice-free period is given. In the investigated lagoon lakes, differences in the species composition of the
ichthyoplankton by the number and time of appearance of the maxima of abundance of eggs and larvae are noted, and also related
to morphological structure and hydrological conditions of water bodies. In lagoon lake Izmenchivoe with a salinity not less
than 26‰, the eggs and larvae of marine fishes only takes place while, in Vavai-Chibisan lakes, that of freshwater fishes
only takes place. In brackish lake Tunaicha, the lowest number of fish species reproduce. In the Vavai-Chibisan system and
in Lake Izmenchivoe, one maximum of abundance of ichthyoplankton in June is recorded and, in Lake Tunaicha, two maxima (the
highest in June and less expressed in August) are recorded. Irrespective of the species composition, the ichthyoplankton complexes
of lagoon lakes have general traits determined by hydrological conditions of water bodies and by their general origin and
geographic situation: prevalence of eggs and larvae of low boreal fish species, the maximum species diversity in the late
spring-early summer, and decrease of abundance in cooler years. 相似文献
5.
The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth. 相似文献
6.
Henry B. F. Dixon 《The Biochemical journal》1973,131(1):149-154
A simple case is considered in which the rate of a two-step reaction depends on pH because the intermediate formed in the first step has to gain (or lose) a proton before it can react in the second step, and in which the rate-determining step therefore changes with pH. The curves of reaction rate against pH are shown to be symmetrical, and the sharpest peak possible has a width at half its height of 1.53pH units, i.e. of 2log(3+2 radical2). Any particular curve for this situation proves to be identical with a curve that could be generated for the pH-dependence of a single-step reaction in which the rate is proportional to the concentration of a particular ionic form of a reactant. Curves for the latter situation, however, can have forms impossible for the former case in which the rate-determining step changes, but only if the protonations that activate and deactivate the reactant are co-operative. The peak can then become even sharper, and its width at half its height can fall to 1.14pH units, i.e. to 2log(2+ radical3). 相似文献
7.
A G Savinov 《Radiobiologiia》1986,26(4):482-487
Opposite changes occur in the intensity of UV-fluorescence (UVF) in irradiated (0.1 Gy and 5.0 Gy) HeLa cells. The radiometric study has demonstrated that there is a correlation between the number of tryptophan-containing proteins and UVF intensity in nonirradiated and irradiated (5.0 Gy) cells during culture growth. Such a correlation was absent in cells exposed to 0.1 Gy radiation. Low radiation doses (0.1 Gy) have maximum action on cytoplasm membrane fluorescence. Low-level radiation changes the intensity of the ANS probe fluorescence connected with cell membranes, and the intensity of the cell protein UVF. High radiation doses increase and low doses decrease the probe fluorescence. 相似文献
8.
E Canon L G Timmermans 《Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de biologie et de ses filiales》1986,180(4):482-491
Using the Karnovsky and Roots modified by E1 Badawi and Schenk's technic for the cholinergic innervation and with the method of Lindvall and Bj?rklund modified by de la Torre and Surgeon for the adrenergic ones, we demonstrate the innervation of each tissular layer, in cervix, corpus and cornua of the uterus of the she-rat in pro-oestrus state. A statistic evaluation is established for the different areas. The density of cholinergic innervation is richer than the adrenergic one. The number of cholinergic fibers is maximum in the cervix. It decreases in corpus and cornua especially in the mucosal and sub-mucosal layers. The density of the muscular nervous network is predominant in the corpus versus the cervix. The number of adrenergic nerves is maximum in corpus it diminishes in the cervix and the cornua. In each region, the muscular adrenergic network domines over the other tissular layers. We confirm statistically morphometric non parametric observations of these other authors. 相似文献
9.
C-banding patterns of the karyotypes of two closely related wild flax species, Linum austriacum L. (2n = 18) and Linum grandiflorum Desf. (2n = 16), were studied. The karyotypes of both species were similar in the chromosome morphology and size. In each species, metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes (1.7-4.3 microns) and one satellite chromosome were observed. In the karyotypes of the species studied, all homologous chromosome pairs were identified, and quantitative ideograms were constructed. Eight chromosome pairs in the two species had similar C-banding patterns. A low level of intraspecific polymorphism in the intercalary and telomeric C-bands was shown in both species. The results indicate that the genomes of two flax species originated from one ancestral genome with the main chromosome number of 8 or 9. Apparently, the doubling of chromosome number or loss of one chromosome with subsequent redistribution of the chromosome material in the ancestral form resulted in the divergence into two species, L. austriacum L. and L. grandiflorum Desf. A considerable similarity of chromosomes in these species provides evidence for their close phylogenetic relatedness, which makes it possible to place them in one section within the Linum genus. 相似文献
10.
P A Motavkin 《Biulleten' eksperimental'no? biologii i meditsiny》1976,81(2):244-246
Melanophores in the arteries of the base of the brain of kittens displayed pronounced variations in size and shape in response to the peripheral electrical stimulation of the vagus and the sympathetic nerves. These melanophores changed their size and shape under the influence of acetylcholine and noradrenaline solutions in vitro too. The present experiments showed melanophores to have a double effector innervation. 相似文献
11.
The present investigation deals with the effect of testosterone on each of the tissue components of the bursa of Fabricius: the endodermal epithelium, the mesenchyme, and the hemopoietic stem cells. Tissue combination experiments between testosterone-treated endoderm and normal mesenchyme and vice versa have shown that the androgen damages irreversibly the bursal epithelium. The latter is not seeded by hemopoietic stem cells and cannot undergo follicle formation when treated with high doses of testosterone. This occurs even if it is associated with a nontreated bursal mesenchyme. On the contrary, associations of testosterone-treated mesenchyme with normal endoderm result in normal bursa histogenesis. By using an original test of viability for lymphoid cells based on the application of the quail-chick marker system, we demonstrate that disappearance of hemopoietic cells in the endoderm results from their expulsion from the bursa and not from their death in situ. The conspicuous effect of testosterone on the bursa of Fabricius can be related to the levels of androgen receptors found in the organ. Typical cytosol androgen receptors are demonstrated in both bursal endoderm and mesoderm, although the amount in the former is higher. The concentration of binding sites in the bursa is >10 times higher than that in other organs such as lung and small intestine whose development is not affected by testosterone, contrasting with glucocorticosteroid receptor (measured by labeling with dexamethasone) found in the same concentration in all tissues. 相似文献
12.
M. Yu. Telyatnikov 《Contemporary Problems of Ecology》2008,1(1):59-71
The cenofloras of moss tundras, dryas tundras, and cryophytic grassy bogs of Subarctic Yamal, Taimyr, and Yakutia have been compared in such parameters as activity and species richness of their ecological groups. Comparison of the three cenofloras of subarctic tundras in conditions of heat and moisture has shown that the habitats of Yamal noticeably differ from the habitats of Taimyr and Yakutia. In Yamal, the conditions are warmer in all the habitats except grassy bogs in the zone of typical tundras. Most habitats in Yamal are drier. The hydrothermal conditions of Taimyr and Yakutia are similar. The differences arise as the climate becomes increasingly more continental from west to east. 相似文献
13.
Summary Ethanol administration to female rats before and during pregnancy resulted in decreased number of litters and increased activities of serum GOT, GPT and ALP. The hepatotoxicity of ethanol was indicated by the histological alterations both in the mother and siblings. There was increased levels of tissue lipids in mother and litters born to alcoholic rats. The concentration of TBARS in the liver and kidney were significantly increased in alcohol treated rats and their litters. The activities of the anti-peroxidative enzymes SOD and CAT were decreased on alcohol treatment in female rats. The glutathione content in liver and kidney decreased significantly in litters born to alcoholic rats.We have observed that the treatment with N-acetylcysteine offers protection against the toxic effect of alcohol in female rats during pregnancy and litters born to them. In N-acetylcysteine treated rats the number of litters as well as the average birth weight were close to that of control animals. Nacetylcysteine decreases the activities of serum GOT, GPT and ALP in female rats. We have also observed decreased levels of tissue lipids in mother and litters born to alcoholic rats given N-acetylcysteine when compared to alcoholic rats. The levels of TBARS in liver, kidney were also decreased both in mother and litter born to alcohol + N-acetylcysteine, while the activities of SOD and CAT were increased in liver of alcoholic rats given N-acetylcysteine when compared to alcoholic rats. Histopathological studies also showed the protective effect of N-acetylcysteine in both mother and litter in liver and kidney against alcoholic induced toxicity. 相似文献
14.
Ripening reactions in pears (Pyrus communis L.) were differentially affected by an aminoethoxy analog of rhizobitoxine (l-2-amino-4-[2-aminoethoxy]-trans-3-butenoic acid) (AAR). Ethylene production of both ;Anjou' and ;Bartlett' pears was inhibited by AAR. Decrease in firmness, increase in protein N and soluble pectin were delayed by AAR in ;Anjou' but not in ;Bartlett' pears. While loss in malic acid was retarded in ;Anjou' pears, rates of citric acid accumulation and malic acid reduction were not affected by AAR in ;Bartlett' pears. 相似文献
15.
16.
Filin VA 《Uspekhi fiziologicheskikh nauk》2008,39(2):77-96
All-round researches of a human being's eye movements in norm and in pathology have been carried out (1967-2006). An analysis of generating of rapid eye movements, those are saccades, has been done. A concept of automaticity of saccades has been formulated. According to the concept a saccade is generated by rhythmo-genesis type, without any external and internal stimuli in their own rhythm. The role of automaticity of saccades in the process of visual perception, and data of impairments of automaticity of saccades in pathology and in uncomfortable visual environment were show. 相似文献
17.
不同种源山桐子果实脂肪酸组成变异分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以采自11个种源的山桐子为材料,测定其果实脂肪酸的组成及其变异情况,结果表明:山桐子果实中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,尤以亚油酸含量最高,11个种源的平均值为63.58%,且种源间差异显著,分宜、宜昌种源亚油酸相对含量明显高于其他9个种源;饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸为主,11个种源山桐子果实棕榈酸差异显著,且以平武种源最高;其余脂肪酸含量均较低,变异幅度较大;种子中棕榈酸和棕榈烯酸含量明显高于果肉,而亚油酸、亚麻酸及硬脂酸含量明显低于果肉,油酸含量相近:果实不饱和脂肪酸含量依次为果肉〉全果〉种子,且变异系数及相对极差均较小,尤以果肉中最小;除硬脂酸外,山桐子果实中其他4种主要脂肪酸组分受海拔等地理环境的影响均较小。 相似文献
18.
This essay documents and examines the historical circumstances and events surrounding the discovery of the mode of transmission of yellow fever virus in Cuba. Close scrutiny of the articles published by Walter Reed and his colleagues in 1900, 1901 and 1902 reveals their limitations as historic documents. Fortunately, other sources of information from that period survive in letters and documents written by individuals involved in the quest for the mode of transmission. Examination and comparison of those sources of information unveiled a fascinating story which reveals that misunderstandings engendered by published articles accorded merit where it was not fully due. 相似文献
19.
E. V. Chernigovskaya M. V. Glazova L. A. Yamova S. E. Yevteeva I. A. Krasnovskaya 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2001,37(2):192-199
In in vivo and in vitro experiments there have been shown different mechanisms of regulation of hypothalamic vasopressinergic neurons, including regulation due to changes of activity level of brain catecholaminergic and NPY-ergic neurons innervating hypothalamic vasopressinergic cells. We demonstrated in in vitro experiments that dopamine and noradrenaline had no effects on vasopressin expression, but inhibited its release from cell perikarya in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus. Besides, activity of vasopressinergic neurons might probably be regulated via activation of synthesis of these neurotransmitters in vasopressinergic cells themselves in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. To activate synthesis of various neurotransmitters, in our case, catecholamines and NPY, in vasopressinergic neurons, different stimuli adequate to trigger or activate synthesis of these substances are required. Synthesis of catecholamines in vasopressinergic cells of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei was revealed after immobilization stress and adrenalectomy. NPY is synthesized in neurons of hypothalamic neurosecretory centers in norm, and its synthesis increases at disturbances of NPY-ergic innervation of vasopressinergic cells. 相似文献
20.
B Ia Medovar 《Ukrainski? biokhimicheski? zhurnal》1978,50(4):450-454
The content of urea was studied in protein-free filtrates of the liver kidneys, skeletal muscles, myocardium, spleen, brain tissues and blood serum as well as in urine of 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24-month rats. It is shown that at the age of 6 months the content of urine in most tissues under study is significantly decreased (by 42-73%), at the age of 12 months in the spleen and at the age of 24 months in the brain tissues as compared to the one-month animals. The level of urine decrease in the liver and brain tissues of 24-month animals is less pronounced than in other tissues, that corresponds to age peculiarities of their protein metabolism. A decrease of blood consumption per weight unit and a relative increase in the amount of nitrogen excreted with urine are observed with ageing. The arginase activity in the liver decreases essentially only in 3-month animals. A conclusion is drawn that peculiarities of food consumption and the character of changes in the urea content in tissues and urine are adaptation manifestation of an age decrease in the intensity of nitrogen metabolism and protein demand of the organism. 相似文献