Use of the Cytobrush for cervical sampling after cryotherapy

The presence of endocervical cells in routine gynecologic smears (prepared from spatula and cotton swab samples) and Cytobrush smears was analyzed in 52 patients with a history of prior cryotherapy. These cases represented 11% of the 491 women evaluated using both techniques between August 1, 1987, and January 31, 1990. The routine smear contained endocervical cells in 25 (48%) of the 52 cases while the Cytobrush smear contained endocervical cells in 49 (94%) of the cases. The use of the Cytobrush for cervical cytologic screening thus appears to be of value in patients with a prior history of cryotherapy, which frequently renders the transformation zone less accessible to routine sampling.     

A minimally invasive approach for correction of chin ptosis

Although ptosis of the tip of the chin is common and can be seen in persons of any age, it is frequently seen in older patients seeking facial rejuvenation. A variety of techniques have been described to correct ptosis of the chin. The authors describe a minimally invasive method that can be used correct chin ptosis. This technique uses a small intraoral incision to place a U-shaped Prolene suture that gathers the soft tissue of the chin and elevates it above the lower border of the mandibular symphysis. A retrospective review of 314 cases performed in conjunction with face lifts between January of 1994 and January of 2000 was performed to evaluate this technique. There were no significant complications, and long-term results have been very satisfactory and lasting.     

输卵管妊娠腹腔镜根治术后持续性异位妊娠原因分析及对策

目的探讨输卵管妊娠腹腔镜根治术后持续性异位妊娠发生的原因,以寻求针对性的处理方法。方法回顾分析我院2007年1月至2009年1月670例输卵管妊娠患者行腹腔镜下输卵管切除术,术后发生持续性异位妊娠共6例。结果4例采用药物保守治疗成功,2例保守治疗无效行手术治疗后成功。结论在手术过程中尽量避免输卵管妊娠物直接经Troca钳夹取出,防止残留于Troca、勺状钳、冲洗棒头端等操作器械上的绒毛组织再次带入腹腔,可能有助于有效阻断持续性异位妊娠的形成。     

人工全膝关节置换术50例临床效果观察

目的：探讨人工全膝关节置换术临床效果。方法：选择我院2008年1月至2011年1月收治的行人工全膝关节置换术的患者50例53膝,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。并作术前、术后HSS评分比较。结果：HSS术后评分,优47膝,占88．7％,良4膝,占7．5％,一般2膝,占3．7％。类风湿性关节炎4例HSS术前评分为35．24±11．78,术后评分为89．61±10．37;骨性关节炎44例HSS术前评分为44．37±10．29,术后评分为91．47±15．65;创伤性关节炎5例HSS术前评分为39．23±11．56。术后评分为90．61±13．2。术前、术后比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后整体优良率为96．2％。无严重并发症发生。结论：人工全膝关节置换术实施过程中,制订严密的手术计划,拥有高操作技术和理论基础,做好生命体征的密切观察及术后整体的康复功能训练,可取得较好疗效。     

Otoplasty: anterior scoring technique and results in 500 cases

Corrective otoplasty is a commonly performed procedure to change the shape of the auricular cartilage. Many techniques use permanent sutures to maintain the cartilage folding, whereas other techniques rely on cartilage incisions (partial thickness or full thickness). At this institution, a cartilage cutting and anterior scoring technique has been used for more than 30 years with pleasing results. The surgical techniques published in the past have been reviewed and compared with the procedure used at this institution to point out the advantages, disadvantages, and differences of these various techniques. Also reviewed were 500 consecutive cases operated on under local or general anesthesia between January of 1993 and December of 1995 to determine the incidence of early and late complications. The patients were contacted by mail to return for a follow-up examination or answer a questionnaire, at least 2 years after the procedure. Early complications were bleeding in 13 cases (2.6 percent) and hematoma in 2 cases (0.4 percent). There were no infections or ear necrosis. A small cutaneous wound was present on the anterior skin in three patients (0.6 percent), and there was one wound dehiscence (0.2 percent). Late complications were keloids in two cases and inclusion cysts in three cases. Residual deformity was noted in 22 cases and asymmetry in 28 cases. Secondary surgery was performed in six cases. The questionnaire was answered by 387 patients (77.4 percent response rate): pain when the ear is touched was present in 22 cases (5.7 percent), hypesthesia in 15 cases (3.9 percent), occasional cutaneous irritation in 38 cases (9.8 percent), asymmetry in 71 cases (18.4 percent), and abnormal ear shape in 17 cases (4.4 percent). Twenty-nine patients (7.5 percent) also noted that the ear was more sensitive to cold or touch. The satisfaction rate was 94.8 percent: very satisfied, 74 percent; satisfied, 20.8 percent; dissatisfied, 4.2 percent; and very dissatisfied, 1 percent. These results were compared with other published series of complications and late results after otoplasty; the complication rates are similar or lower in this study. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cartilage cutting and anterior scoring technique otoplasty is a safe procedure with a high patient-parent-surgeon satisfaction rate.     

Fastin 骨锚治疗尺骨茎突骨折的临床分析

目的:探讨尺骨茎突骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法:2007年1月-2010年12月,对36例尺骨茎突骨折的患者,采用Fastin骨锚治疗。术后随访2～19个月,平均8个月。采用AO组织Gartland-Werley评分进行疗效评价。结果:X线片显示术后3个月骨折均达到骨性愈合,36例患者均无腕部慢性疼痛和活动受限,Gartland-Werley评分均为优。结论:应用Fastin骨锚治疗尺骨茎突骨折是理想的治疗方法,尤其对预防尺骨远端疼痛,疗效满意。     

沭阳县2007年麻疹疫情流行病学分析及应对措施

了解沭阳县2007年1月至8月份麻疹流行病学特征,为制订消除麻疹策略提供依据。采用描述流行病学方法对法定传染病报告系统和麻疹监测系统资料进行分析。结果显示,沭阳县2007年1月至8月份共发生麻疹150例,其中≤8月龄、8月~15岁、15~19岁、≥20岁成人,分别占26.00%、44.66%、12.67%和16.67%;无免疫史、有1次免疫史、有2次免疫史和免疫史不详的病例分别占46.67%、10.67%、8.00%和34.66%。因此,适时在重点人群中强化麻疹免疫,是短期内迅速提高人群免疫水平,降低发病率乃至阻断麻疹病毒传播的有效手段。     

肺炎型肺癌的影像学特点及误诊分析

目的:探讨肺炎型肺癌影像学特点,深入肺炎型肺癌认识,提高诊断水平,降低临床误诊率。方法:随机选取2013年1月份至2014年2月份我院胸外科住院治疗的36例肺炎型肺癌患者作为研究对象,回顾性分析全部患者的影像学资料及病理检查结果。结果:患者病变部位在各肺段均有分布,局限性及弥漫性分布均可见,其中局灶性分布较大,未出现跨越肺段侵袭肺叶的病例。影像表现主要为边缘不清云絮状肿块影、云絮状影伴结节、肺段实变影、肺实变伴空泡及蜂窝状影、肺炎纤维样化及混合阴影。其中,单纯性磨玻璃影10例;磨玻璃结节肿块10例;肺段分布实变影7例;肺叶及肺段实变伴空泡或蜂窝状影6例;肺炎样纤维化及肿块10例;混合阴影(4种或4种以上阴影并存)3例。结论:肺炎型肺癌患者影像学检查结果多具有肺炎样改变,极易误诊肺炎性疾病,临床诊断中结合活检检查技术,有利于改善临床诊断正确率。     

大面积皮肤坏死患者的临床分析

目的探讨大面积皮肤坏死的诱因、治疗和危害。方法对1998年1月至2008年1月收治的36例患者大面积皮肤坏死的情况进行调查分析。结果大面积皮肤坏死引起肢体功能障碍15例,部分功能障碍19例,无功能障碍2例。结论大面积皮肤坏死与皮肤撕脱,厌氧菌和需氧菌混合感染,其他继发疾患引起有关,应采取积极治疗措施,提高患者生存质量。     

氧哌嗪青霉素-他唑巴坦钠对尿路感染中阴性杆菌耐体外药敏分析

目的：研究由阴性杆菌致尿路感染患者对氧哌嗪青霉素-他唑巴坦钠耐体外药敏情况。方法：选取并分析2012年1月-2013年1月尿路感染患者尿液培养出的195株致病菌的分布及对氧哌嗪青霉素-他唑巴坦钠的耐药情况。结果：致病菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主共有128例（65.64%）,革兰阳性菌共有59例（30.25%）,致病菌对氧哌嗪青霉素-他唑巴坦钠均有明显的耐药性（P〈0.05）。结论：革兰阴性杆菌是尿路感染的主要致病菌,且对氧哌嗪青霉素-他唑巴坦钠具有较强的耐药性。     

Combined otoplasty technique: chondrocutaneous conchal resection as the cornerstone to correction of the prominent ear

The failure to correctly analyze the complex deformity that comprises the prominent ear is the most common cause of the undesired surgical result. Recognizing conchal hypertrophy as one of the leading causes of the prominent ear deformity has led to a versatile and reproducible otoplasty technique that is easily modified to the common side-to-side variation in deformity. From January of 1993 to August of 2000, chondrocutaneous conchal resection has been used as the cornerstone to a combined sequence of maneuvers in otoplasty. The operation was performed on 47 patients (40 bilateral cases and 7 unilateral), and the total number of ears operated on was 87. There were three complications requiring revision surgery, and follow-up periods ranged from 6 months to 7 years, with all patients achieving a satisfactory result. Detailed methods of chondrocutaneous conchal resection along with the sequence of the authors' combined otoplasty techniques are presented.     

Liquid-based cytology improves productivity in cervical cytology screening.

Objectives: The ThinPrep test was introduced into our institution on a phased basis over 3 years between January 2002 and December 2004. This study set out to assess its effect on productivity (as measured by output of cases per medical scientist per day) during the changeover period. Numbers of high and low-grade lesions and of unsatisfactory slides were also monitored. Methods: The percentage conversion from conventional preparation to liquid-based cytology (LBC) and output of cases per medical scientist per day were calculated from our database at 6-month intervals. The average backlog, average number of cases received per month and percentage of unsatisfactory and abnormal cases were calculated similarly. Results: Over the study period 92 084 cases were received. The percentage of cases using ThinPrep increased: from 9% in January 2002 to 73% in December 2004. During the study there was an increase in output from 17.0 to 22.3 cases per medical scientist per day, representing a 31% improvement at 73% conversion. Numbers of unsatisfactory cases decreased substantially and the numbers of low and high-grade diagnoses were relatively constant. Conclusions: The change to ThinPrep has improved productivity and decreased the number of unsatisfactory cases. There was no adverse effect on quality during the changeover.     

The establishment of specified-pathogen-free marmosets, Callithrix jacchus.

The establishment of 3 specified-pathogen-free marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) during the period May 1969 to January 1973 is described. A brief history of the conventional breeding colony from which the animals were derived is given and hysterotomy and hand-rearing techniques are described.     

Species identification in meat by using PCR-generated satellite probes

A convenient DNA-based identification system is described for testing the species origin of meat samples. Probes are generated by PCR with primers binding to species-specific satellite DNA and hybridized to DNA purified from meat. This method is more robust and versatile than methods based on oligonucleotide hybridization. With the exception of a slight cross-reaction of mutton and beef, each probe only recognized the species from which it was derived. Purifying the DNA with a DNA-binding resin improved the sensitivity. Admixtures of 0.1–0.5% can be detected in raw meat and 0.5–5% in autoclaved meat samples. The method can be adapted to detect any eukaryotic species for which species-specific DNA sequences are available. This method has proven its value in the routine inspection of meat samples by revealing more cases of deliberate or accidental species substitution and admixture than conventional techniques. Received 12 January 1998/ Accepted in revised form 15 June 1998     

空心钉固定治疗骶骨骨折的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨空心钉固定治疗骶骨骨折的临床疗效及其安全性。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年1月骶骨骨折患者50例,其中男36例,女14例。按照Denis分类法,Ⅰ型22例,Ⅱ型14例,Ⅲ型14例,36例采用空心钉固定治疗,14例采用非手术保守治疗。结果:治疗后,根据Majeed评分标准进行评定,其中空心钉组优10例,良18例,可8例;非手术组优1例,良7例,可6例。全部患者经手术治疗后骨折均愈合,未出现断钉现象。结论:空心钉固定治疗骶骨骨折较保守治疗有更好的功能恢复及生活质量,空心钉固定具有术后恢复快,避免神经损伤,患者可尽早行功能锻炼,促进骨质愈合,改善患者预后,具有良好的临床疗效。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期病原学及细菌药性分析

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期病原学特点及细菌耐药情况,为临床合理使用抗生素提供科学依据。方法:回顾性分析我院呼吸内科和老年学科2008年1月-2009年1月563例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(急性加重期)住院患者痰培养及药敏试验结果。结果:563例患者中检出阳性结果205例,检出率为36.41%。其中G+菌46例、G-菌119例、真菌40例。G+菌以金黄色葡萄球菌最多(14例),其次为表皮葡萄球菌和草绿色链球菌;G-菌以铜绿假单胞菌最多(37例),其次为克雷伯菌;真菌以白色念珠菌最多(20例)。G-杆菌对氨苄西林、哌拉西林、头孢唑啉、复方新诺明耐药严重,对亚胺培南、含β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的联合制剂较敏感。金黄色葡萄球菌对多种抗生素严重耐药,对万古霉素、亚胺培南较敏感。真菌对氟康唑敏感占50.81%,对伊曲康唑敏感占30.12%,对酮康唑敏感占30.83%,对5-氟胞嘧啶敏感占10.74%。结论:慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期以G-为主,真菌感染有增多趋势,病原菌呈现多重耐药现象。     

BSE in Northern Ireland: epidemiological patterns past,present and future.

By 30 January 1998, there had been 170,259 confirmed cases of BSE in Great Britain (GB), 1766 confirmed cases in Northern Ireland (NI) (2 January 1998), and 276 confirmed cases in the Republic of Ireland (31 January 1998). Analysis of the epidemiological patterns in the NI epidemic reveals significant clustering of cases in herds and counties. The observed clustering of cases within herds results in lower per capita incidence of BSE in previously unaffected herds, providing support for the introduction of a certified herd scheme in NI. By fitting a backcalculation model to the case data, we can estimate the number of animals infected with the aetiological agent of BSE and project the number of future cases. We predict that the epidemic will decline rapidly, with approximately 99 cases (95% confidence interval 30,504) occurring in the five year period 1997-2001.     

A decade (2001-2010) of genetic testing for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma

The identification of 9 susceptibility genes for paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma between 2001 and 2010 has led to the development of routine genetic tests. To study the evolution in genetic screening for paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma over the past decade, we carried out a retrospective study on the tests performed in our laboratory from January 2001 to December 2010. A genetic test for paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma was assessed for 2 499 subjects, 1 620 index cases, and 879 presymptomatic familial genetic tests. A germline mutation in a PGL/PCC susceptibility gene was identified in 363 index cases (22.4%): 269 in SDHx genes (137 in SDHB, 100 in SDHD, 30 in SDHC, 2 in SDHA), 64 in VHL, 23 in RET, and 7 in TMEM127. A presymptomatic paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma test was positive in 427 subjects. Advances in molecular screening techniques led to an increase in the total number of mutation-carriers diagnosed each year. Overall, during the last decade, our laboratory identified a germline mutation in 44.7% of patients with a suspect hereditary PGL/PCC and in 8% of patients with an apparently sporadic PGL/PCC. During the past decade, the discoveries of new paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma susceptibility genes and the subsequent progress of molecular screening techniques have enabled us to diagnose a hereditary paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma in about 22% of patients tested in routine practice. This genetic testing is of major importance for the follow-up of affected patients and for the genetic counselling of their families.     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术中转开腹的原因分析

目的:分析腹腔镜胃癌根治术中转开腹手术的原因。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月~2013年1月300例采用腹腔镜行胃癌根治手术患者的资料,总结分析其中11例行中转开腹手术的原因。结果:因腹腔内出血中转4例,腹内脏器损伤2例,腹腔严重粘连3例,气腹造成难以控制的高碳酸血症1例,器械损伤1例。结论:腹腔镜胃癌根治术具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短、患者易接受等优点,但也存在一定的中转开腹手术率,主要与患者原因、术者原因和器械原因有关。     

Paracoccidioidomycosis in women

A retrospective review of paracoccidioidomycosis cases seen between January 1966 to January 1997 revealled 27 of the 627 cases occurred in women (male to female ratio 27.3:1). Data for 23 of these 27 cases demonstrated the protective effect of female hormones.