昂立植物乳杆菌对腹腔感染大鼠肠道微生态的影响

目的探讨经肠道补充昂立植物乳杆菌(LP-Onlly)对腹腔感染大鼠肠道微生态的影响.方法大鼠经盲肠结扎穿孔法及颈静脉空肠置管制成腹腔感染模型后,分别给予肠外营养(PN组)和PN 昂立植物乳杆菌(LP-Onlly组)持续5 d,第6天处死,取盲肠内粪便进行肠菌群培养计数及细菌种群DNA指纹图谱分析.结果 LP-Onlly组大鼠肠道内的乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量较单纯PN组的大鼠为多,而肠道内的潜在致病菌产气荚膜梭菌数量较单纯PN组的大鼠少,DNA指纹图谱也显示LP-Onlly组大鼠优势菌群的基因条带和正常大鼠具有较高的一致性,而PN组则差异有显著性.结论 LP-Onlly能纠正腹腔感染大鼠PN时的肠道菌群紊乱, 调理肠道微生态平衡.     

昂立植物乳杆菌耐酸、耐胆盐性能及相关表型、基因型分析

目的从益生菌功能性评价出发,探讨昂立植物乳杆菌(LP-Onlly)的耐酸、耐胆盐性能及其相关的表型和基因型信息.结果 LP-Onlly在耐酸、耐胆盐性能方面,优于其他实验室保存菌株,在pH 3、37 ℃培养3 h后,LP-Onlly活菌存活率达95%以上.在1.0%胆盐的MRS培养液中生长24 h后,LP-Onlly活菌存活率达95%以上.经表型及分子鉴定,LP-Onlly为植物乳杆菌,其16S rDNA序列保存于GenBank, 登录号为AY 590777,与实验室保存的其他植物乳杆菌的基因DNA指纹图谱相似率达71%.     

昂立植物乳杆菌粘附肠上皮细胞的研究

目的研究益生菌粘附肠上皮细胞机制,探讨益生菌的生物屏障机制,筛选益生菌.方法研究昂立植物乳杆菌(LP-Onlly)培养上清液,对病原菌和自身菌粘附Lovo细胞的影响.结果培养12 h的LP-Onlly发酵上清液在一定程度上能抑制病原菌的粘附,同时耗尽培养上清液,有促进自身菌粘附的作用.结论耗尽培养上清液中存在粘附素成分,能介导该菌的粘附.     

葡萄酒有孢汉逊酵母属分子指纹图谱分析

为分析中国本土野生有孢汉逊酵母属Hanseniaspora酵母菌的种间差异和种内差异,构建分子指纹图谱,为优良有孢汉逊酵母资源的遗传多样性分析及开发利用提供科学依据。采用依赖于培养的经典方法包含WL营养培养基、26S rRNA基因D1/D2区域序列分析和5.8S-ITS-RFLP分析进行118株贵州紫云县刺葡萄自然发酵过程中分离的有孢汉逊酵母属酵母菌种水平的鉴定。采用Tandem repeat-tRNA（TRtRNA）指纹图谱法研究有孢汉逊酵母属酵母在两对微卫星引物扩增下的分子指纹图谱,并利用DPS软件分析不同分子指纹图谱类别之间的遗传发育关系。结果表明,118株贵州紫云县刺葡萄自然发酵过程中分离的野生有孢汉逊酵母属酵母菌,经依赖于培养的经典方法鉴定为3个种,包括Hanseniaspora opuntiae、H. uvarum和H. occidentalis。TRtRNA指纹图谱法的引物对一TtRNASC和5CAG扩增出5类图谱,而引物对二TtRNASC和ISSR-MB扩增出10类图谱,可以表现出所测118株有孢汉逊酵母属的种间差异和种内差异。其中种内差异主要表现在H. uvarum中。总体而言,贵州紫云县刺葡萄自然发酵过程中分离的有孢汉逊酵母属主要为H. opuntiae、H. uvarum和H. occidentalis,其中H. opuntiae和H. uvarum内部表现了不同的TRtRNA分子指纹图谱,表征了种内遗传多样性。     

赤霞珠葡萄酒自然发酵中酿酒酵母的菌株区分

采用Interdelta指纹图谱分析, 对分离自宁夏地区赤霞珠葡萄自然发酵过程中的45个酿酒酵母单菌落进行菌株区分, 研究发酵过程中酿酒酵母菌株的变化, 为发酵的有效控制及选育优良酿酒酵母菌株提供依据。结果发现, 本研究分离到的45个酿酒酵母单菌落中, 产生5种指纹图谱, 代表5种不同的基因型, 基因型I-V分别占所分离单菌落的71%、13%、9%、5.0%、2.0%, 基因型I是发酵过程中的优势菌株。本研究中, 二氧化硫处理影响自然发酵过程中酿酒酵母菌株的类型、数目及比例, 但其影响不是很大。     

僵蚕药材蛋白质分级指纹图谱建立及产地鉴定相关分子研究

建立云南与四川僵蚕药材的总蛋白质指纹图谱及分级指纹图谱,对比分析以发现其中的差异表达蛋白质分子并进行鉴定及生物信息学分析,探索其用于产地鉴定的可行性。提取两种僵蚕的酸溶、碱溶、水溶及醇溶性总蛋白质,对其进行丙酮分级沉淀,对所得样品进行SDS-PAGE指纹图谱对比分析,对所得差异条带进行LC-MS/MS分析,数据库检索后进行生物信息学分析。两种僵蚕的总蛋白质指纹图谱相似度很高,难以据此进行产地鉴定;两种僵蚕的分级指纹图谱则有较显著差异,有望用于产地鉴定;依据分级指纹图谱差异共鉴定出β-葡萄糖苷酶、抗胰凝乳蛋白酶、抗胰蛋白酶、含脂肪酶结构域蛋白等273种蛋白质。云南与四川僵蚕的蛋白质组成及其分级指纹图谱存在显著差异,有望用作产地鉴定的分子依据;醇溶蛋白质构建分级指纹图谱可以提供更加丰富的信息及更好的分辨率;分级指纹图谱技术具有简便易行、分辨率较高的优点,为其他中药材的产地鉴定研究提供了方法学思路。     

HPLC指纹图谱技术在灵芝组织分离试验中的应用

利用 HPLC 指纹图谱技术研究从同一灵芝子实体不同部位组织分离获得的菌株三萜化合物的差异。用常规组织分离方法获得不同菌株,在 A、B、C、D 四种培养基上进行出菇试验,运用HPLC指纹图谱技术获得各子实体三萜提取物 HPLC 指纹图谱,计算图谱间的相似度,分析三萜指纹的差异。结果表明,从子实体不同部位分离获得的四个菌株在同一培养基相同条件下培养获得的灵芝子实体的三萜指纹图谱相似度均大于0.99;同一部位分离获得的菌株在不同培养基相同培养条件下获得的子实体,其粗三萜 HPLC 图谱相似度均大于0.96;不     

HPLC指纹图谱技术在灵芝组织分离试验中的应用

利用HPLC指纹图谱技术研究从同一灵芝子实体不同部位组织分离获得的菌株三萜化合物的差异。用常规组织分离方法获得不同菌株,在A、B、C、D四种培养基上进行出菇试验,运用HPLC指纹图谱技术获得各子实体三萜提取物HPLC指纹图谱,计算图谱间的相似度,分析三萜指纹的差异。结果表明,从子实体不同部位分离获得的四个菌株在同一培养基相同条件下培养获得的灵芝子实体的三萜指纹图谱相似度均大于0．99;同一部位分离获得的菌株在不同培养基相同培养条件下获得的子实体,其粗三萜HPLC图谱相似度均大于0．96;不同的组织分离部位和不同的培养基对灵芝菌株三萜指纹图谱的影响均不显著。18号菌株在C培养基上培养获得的子实体三萜含量最高,上层菌肉为最优组织分离部位,C培养基为最优培养基。灵芝的三萜组成不受生长环境的影响,而生长环境会对其三萜化合物含量产生一定的影响。本文首次应用HPLC指纹图谱方法对灵芝组织分离获得的菌株的差异性进行了研究。     

HPLC指纹图谱技术在灵芝组织分离试验中的应用

利用HPLC指纹图谱技术研究从同一灵芝子实体不同部位组织分离获得的菌株三萜化合物的差异。用常规组织分离方法获得不同菌株,在A、B、C、D四种培养基上进行出菇试验,运用HPLC指纹图谱技术获得各子实体三萜提取物HPLC指纹图谱,计算图谱间的相似度,分析三萜指纹的差异。结果表明,从子实体不同部位分离获得的四个菌株在同一培养基相同条件下培养获得的灵芝子实体的三萜指纹图谱相似度均大于0.99;同一部位分离获得的菌株在不同培养基相同培养条件下获得的子实体,其粗三萜HPLC图谱相似度均大于0.96;不同的组织分离部位和不同的培养基对灵芝菌株三萜指纹图谱的影响均不显著。18号菌株在C培养基上培养获得的子实体三萜含量最高,上层菌肉为最优组织分离部位,C培养基为最优培养基。灵芝的三萜组成不受生长环境的影响,而生长环境会对其三萜化合物含量产生一定的影响。本文首次应用HPLC指纹图谱方法对灵芝组织分离获得的菌株的差异性进行了研究。     

指纹图谱技术在黄芩质量控制中的应用

通过目前国内外对黄芩指纹图谱研究的考察,重点论述了高效液相指纹图谱、毛细管电泳指纹图谱、红外指纹图谱、DNA指纹图谱等在黄芩质量控制中的应用,为提高黄芩质量控制水平提供依据.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.