大戟科现代植物花粉形态

对大戟科21属33种植物的现代花粉形态进行了系统的形态学研究。选取的33种大戟科植物基本涵盖了该科绝大部分花粉形态类型。根据花粉的大小、形状、外壁表面纹饰, 结合大戟科亚科分类, 对该科花粉形态特征进行详细对比和分析。结果表明, 每个亚科都有其独特的花粉形态, 各亚科可以根据花粉形态来鉴别。此外, 大戟科多个属(如野桐属、山麻杆属、叶下珠属等)的植物花粉形态特征较明显, 可以鉴定到属甚至种一级水平。研究结果不仅为大戟科花粉形态分类学提供了依据, 同时为地层孢粉分析中花粉的鉴定提供参考。     

东北19种禾本科植物花粉形态研究

报道了禾本科19种植物的花粉形态.通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对花粉的形态、表面饰纹、萌发孔的许多特征进行了观察.总结了禾本科植物花粉形态的类型及萌发孔的特征.     

中国栝楼属(Trichosanthes L.)花粉形态的研究

本文系统地研究了我国栝楼属30种及分布于日本的多裂栝楼的花粉形态,观察了各种花粉在光学显微镜及扫描电镜下的形态特征.同时通过花粉形态的研究,验证了在分类上本属所分各组的合理性。并观察了栝楼族另一属植物油瓜的花粉,探讨了二属之间的亲缘关系。由于本属植物多数为药用,而花粉形态特征为本属药材真伪的鉴别提供了依据。     

珍珠菜属八种植物的花粉形态研究

利用扫描电子显微镜,首次对珍珠菜属(LysimachiaL.)8种植物的花粉形态进行了观察研究,报道了花粉形态特征,探讨了花粉形态特征在分类学上的意义。结果表明:该属花粉粒大小和外壁雕纹可作为分种的依据。     

内蒙古西部地区蒺藜科花粉光学显微特征与分类学意义

为定量分析蒺藜科属间花粉形态差异,采集了内蒙古西部地区蒺藜、唐古特白刺、霸王、骆驼蓬、四合木、蝎虎驼蹄瓣等植物的现代植物花粉,研究其光学显微镜下花粉特征,并将主要特征量化进行回归树分析(classification and regression tree,CART),对比探讨了花粉形态分类与《中国植物志》分类间的关系。结果表明,蒺藜科花粉形态以小粒为主,形状为球形、近球形、长球形,萌发孔为三孔沟、三拟孔沟、散孔,表面纹饰有网状、条纹状,多数具沟膜;四合木和蝎虎驼蹄瓣花粉趋向近球形化;基于量化花粉形态特征参数的CART分类树结果与《中国植物志》分类结果差异较大,表明受外界环境影响进化变异较小的植物花粉形态可能更多地揭示了物种间的亲缘关系。     

花粉形态与风媒植物母体地理分布间的关系

本文对部分风媒植物花粉形态特征,及其母体植物地理分布情况进行了对照研究。在此基础上发现,同一分类系统内,小个体花粉者,其母体植物地理分布趋向于较优越环境。对于具气囊花粉而言,具较大气囊者,或者花粉本体较小者,其母体植物趋向于分布在低纬度或较低海拔环境。并且,产大个体或球状花粉者,往往具有较强的单种成林倾向。本文首次指出了花粉形态与母体植物地理分布间存在着一定的统计学关系,并首次将动态概念引入植物生态学领域,认为花粉形态特征作为一项重要的参变量,通过种间生存竞争过程对母体植物适应倾向施加影响,进而影响物种的生活习性。那些在花粉的传播及授粉过程中稍占优势的物种,其自然分布域趋向于比较优越的环境。本文仅作为一种尝试,试图为动态植物生态学研究,乃至植物生态演化学研究提供一个新的研究思路。     

锦鸡儿属花粉形态及其分类意义

在光学显微镜和扫锚电镜下对锦鸡儿属31种2变种植物花粉形态进行了观察。根据外壁表面纹饰,可分：类型I,表面具小穿孔;类型II, 具网状纹饰。 在类型II中据网眼大小和网脊宽度特征又分为两个亚类型。 根据花粉体积大小,可分4个类型。本属植物花粉形态较为一致,表明是一个自然类群。组、 系的花粉形态特征与一般形态变异不一定相对应,即形态上有明显区别的种类,在花粉形态上未必有很大区别,仅一些种类及矮锦鸡儿系 Ser. Pygmaeae的花粉形态相近。 本属花粉形态在种下等级的变异, 特别是青藏高原分布的种类的变异较为明显,例如 C.bicolor,C. jubata,C. erinacea 与各自的近缘种类。花粉形态为分类处理提供了参考。本属植物花粉形态是从表面具小穿孔向具网状纹饰演化,对应于羽状叶类群向掌状叶类群演化。     

中国南五味子属植物花粉形态的研究

本文用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了国产南五味子属2个组7种花粉,记述了它们的形态,讨论了该属花粉形态的特征。该属花粉异极六沟,是属的鉴别上的一个重要特征,其中三条沟常在一极汇合成三合沟,本文报道亦有四合沟的现象,认为具合沟的一极是远极。南五味子属Kadsura Kaempf.ex Juss.集中分布于东亚至东南亚,约有24种,我国种类最为丰富,已知有13种,大都为药用经济植物。本属植物的花粉形态在国内尚未见有报道,本文试图通过对本属广布种和我国一些特有种的花粉形态的观察,探讨这个属花粉形态的特征,并与其他有关类群的花粉比较,给植物分类提供依据,为解决某些争议性问题提供资料,同时提出作者的观点。     

10种金花茶组植物的花粉形态及分类学意义

金花茶组(Sect.Chrysantha)植物具有很高的观赏价值,但其分类存在争议.为探讨金花茶组植物花粉的形态特征和分类学意义,该研究用扫描电镜观察了10种金花茶的花粉形状、外壁纹饰以及穿孔特征,统计了极轴长、赤道轴长和萌发沟长,并进行聚类分析.结果表明:(1)10种供试金花茶植物花粉为中粒花粉,大部分花粉形状呈近球...     

木通科、大血藤科的花粉形态研究及其在分类学中的意义

应用扫描电镜(SEM)和电子计算机,本文作者对我国的5属21种、1变种木通科植物以及大血藤科植物的花粉形态进行了深入观察和定量研究。文章在电镜水平上概括了木通科及其若干属的花粉特征,归纳了花粉外壁雕纹的基本类型,研究了花粉性状之间的内在联系,从花粉学角度进一步探讨了有关类群之间的亲缘关系,以及木通科花粉形态演化的一般趋势。     

Morphology of pollen and orbicules in some Dioscorea species and its systematic implications

Pollen and orbicule morphology of 35 Dioscorea L. species is described based on observations with light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Pollen and orbicule characters are critically evaluated and discussed in the context of existing hypotheses of systematic relationships within the genus. Pollen is mostly bisulcate (sometimes monosulcate) with a perforate, microreticulate or striate sexine. Our results indicate that pollen data may be significant at sectional rank. The close relationship between sections Asterotricha and Enantiophyllum proposed by Burkill and Ayensu is supported by pollen morphology as all species investigated share bisulcate, perforate pollen with small perforations and a high perforation density. Macromorphological differences between the two compound-leaved sections Botryosicyos and Lasiophyton are also supported by pollen morphology; pollens of these two sections have very different perforation patterns. Orbicules in Dioscorea are mostly spherical and possess a smooth or spinulose surface. The latter is often correlated with a striate sexine.     

中国钩藤属9种植物的花粉形态

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对中国钩藤属(Uncaria Schreb)9种植物的花粉形态进行了观察.结果表明,钩藤属植物的花粉为单粒,小型,辐射对称,赤道面观圆球形至近长球形,极面观3-裂圆形,具3孔沟,萌发沟裂缝状,长达两极.萌发沟中央有"内壁加厚突出"结构.外壁具条纹至细网纹饰,表面光滑无附属物.钩藤属花粉大小、形状、萌发沟和纹饰类型都较接近,属于单一型花粉.钩藤属植物的花粉形态特征是茜草科(Rubiaceae)中较为原始的类型.     

Pollen morphology of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Skimmia</Emphasis> (Rutaceae) and its taxonomic implications

Pollen morphology of the genus Skimmia was studied. Of six species of the genus, five species were investigated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains of Skimmia had striate to striate-reticulate sculpture and variable aperture number (3-7), and these characters differed from even the phylogenetically closest relatives such as Dictamnus and Casimiroa which have 3-colporate pollen grains with reticulate exine. In Skimmia laureola, pollen dimorphism is suggested in the aperture number in accordance with the floral system. Pollen grains of Skimmia japonica, a morphologically very variable species, were extensively surveyed covering its whole distribution area. The grains were also striate to striate-reticulate, and the exine sculpture was not different between varieties. However, the aperture number of S. japonica showed a geographical variation ranging from 4 to 6; in Sakhalin, Hokkaido, most part of Honshu and Taiwan, grains with 4-5 apertures were dominant, while in the southern part of Japan, including the Ryukyu Islands and the Izu Islands, those with 5-6 apertures were common.     

中国悬钩子属花粉形态观察

通过扫描电镜观察了中国悬钩子属7组23亚组共103个种的花粉形态。本属花粉为圆球形、近 球形、长球形和超长球形,少数为菱形和六边形,具三孔沟,大小多为16.0～38.Oμm×12.0～30.0μm,外壁纹饰可分为皱波型、条纹型、脑纹型和穿孔网型等类型,进而可分为皱波-近光滑状、皱波-条纹状、皱波-穿孔状、条纹状、条纹-穿孔状、条纹-网状、脑纹状、脑纹-穿孔状、穿孔状、穿孔-网状及网状等11个亚型。分析结果认为,悬钩子属的花粉形态特征对该属种的区分有一定的参考价值,但要合理地阐释其系统发育意义,仍需积累更多的信息。     

Pollen morphology of the genus Rubus from China

Pollen morphology of 103 species belonging to twenty-three subsections of seven sections of Rubus L. was examined with SEM. The pollen grains are usually 3-colporate, spheroidal, subspheroidal, prolate and perprolate, though occasionally rhombic and hexagonal, 16.0~38.0 μm × 12.0~30.0 μum in size. The exine ornamentation can be divided into rugulate, striate, cerebroid and perforate-reticulate types, which include 11 subtypes: rugulate-subpsilate, rugulate-striate, rugulate-perforate, striate, striate-perforate, striate-reticulate, cerebroid, cerebroid-perforate, perforate, perforate-reticulate and reticulate. The pollen morphology is of some significance for a better classification of the genus Rubus, but seems to be of little help for a better understanding of thephylogeny of the genus.     

Pollen morphology of Adenandra (Rutaceae: Diosminae) and its taxonomic implications

The pollen morphology of Adenandra Willd. (Rutaceae: Diosminae) was investigated to determine its taxonomic significance. Pollen of 27 of the 30 infrageneric taxa (representing 16 of the 18 species) was investigated by LM, SEM and TEM. Adenandra differs from all other Diosminae in having 4-colporate rather than 3-colporate pollen grains. This supports the alleged monophyletic status of the genus. Exine morphology and structure, however, is extremely diverse considering the size of the genus, with eight distinct pollen types and four subtypes being discerned. In some members the grains have uniform macroreticulate, striate or striato-reticulate sculpturing, whereas in others the poles have striate, striato-reticulate or reticulate-perforate sculpturing with various types of reticulate or rugulate sculpturing at the mesocolpia. Taxonomic groupings revealed by the pollen characters suggest elationships between taxa that were not previously apparent. It is suggested that evolutionary diversification among species of Adenandra is often more strikingly reflected by pollen morphology than by macromorphology, hence the eurypalynous state of the genus.     

POLLEN MORPHOLOGY IN THE GENUS ERYTHRONIUM (LILIACEAE) AND ITS SYSTEMATIC IMPLICATIONS

Pollen morphology was examined in 40 samples from 19 species in the genus Erythronium (Liliaceae) using scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Pollen grains are monosulcate monads, except for a plant of E. oregonum which has dyad grains. North American and European species are characterized by reticulate exine sculpture composed of various degrees of wavy muri and variably-sized lumina. The most distinctive feature of exine sculpture in the genus is exhibited by the Asian species E. japonicum, which has a unique reticulate pattern composed of striate muri and a distinctive exine structure without columellae. The distinctness of E. japonicum pollen suggests that it has specialized in isolation from species in North America and Europe.     

Pollen morphology of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) and its relation to systematics

This paper adds new data on the pollen and orbicule morphology of 61 Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae) species to the survey of Schols et al . (2001). The results indicate that pollen characters may be significant in infrageneric systematics in Dioscorea . Pollen and orbicule characters are described based on observations with light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and are critically evaluated and discussed in the context of existing hypotheses of systematic relationships within the genus. Pollen is mostly disulculate (sometimes monosulcate) with a perforate, microreticulate, striate, gemmate, rugulate, or cerebroid perforate sexine. The basal section Stenophora is one of the few sections with monosulcate pollen. Brachyandra , Cardiocapsa , and Seriflorae , three Malagasy sections, are characterized by striate pollen. Pollen morphology strongly supports section Enantiophyllum as a monophyletic group. The correlation between pollen size and tuber type, as suggested previously by P. Su (1987), is confirmed by our data. As found in our earlier survey, orbicules in Dioscorea are mostly spherical with a smooth or spinulose surface.  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 143 , 375–390.     

Pollen morphology of Brazilian Fevillea (Cucurbitaceae)

Pollen morphology of the five Brazilian species of the genus Fevillea (F. bahiensis, F. cordifolia, F. passiflora, F. pedatifolia, and F. trilobata) was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen in these species is generally stenopalynous, which is in agreement with observations in previous studies of other species. Pollen is shed in monads and characterised by being isopolar, radially symmetric, prolate, and striate. Pollen is of medium size, tricolporate, with long and narrow colpi, a circular endoaperture and a reduced polar area. The exine is up to 2 μm thick.     

中国北部绣线菊属的花粉形态及分类学意义

本文用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了中国北部绣线菊属ＳｐｉｒａｅａＬ．２１种及６个变种的花粉形态,描述了外壁纹饰的形态特征,指出了外壁纹饰特征在分类上的意义。绣线菊属的花粉为球形至长球形,外壁纹饰为条网状至条纹状。外壁纹饰类型不具有属内分组意义,但对一些种类具有一定的分类价值。花粉形态支持将曲枣绣线菊Ｓ．ｆｌｅｘｕｏｓａＦｉｓｃｈ。并入石蚕叶绣线菊Ｓ．ｃｈａｍｏｅｄｒｙｆｏｌｉａＬ．的观点［Ｍａｘｉｍｏｗｉｃｚ,Ｃ．Ｊ．（１８７９）、Ｒｅｈｄｅｒ,Ａｉ．（１９４０）］,不同意将蒙古绣线菊毛枝变种Ｓ．ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａＭａｘｉｍ．ｖａｒ．ｔｏｍｅｎｔｕｌｏｓａＹｕ提升为贺兰山绣线菊Ｓ．ｔｏｍｅｎｔｕｌｏｓａ（Ｙｕ）Ｙ．Ｚ．Ｚｈａｏ［赵一之（１９８７）］。