Plant ecology. * Schulze ED, Beck E, Muller-Hohenstein K. 2005. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer. $89{middle dot}95 (hardback). 702 pp.

This book (a translation fromSchulze et al., 2002) is one of the most comprehensive textbooksof plant ecology so far. The authors aim to ‘for the firsttime bring together and clearly organize the large subdisciplinesof plant ecology’ and, to a large extent they have succeeded.The book is well written, and its more than 500 illustrationsare beautifully laid out and well chosen to help the readerunderstand the theory. It is clearly suitable not only     

Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Annual Plant Reviews Vol. 11 * Talbot NC. ed. 2004. * Oxford/Boca Raton: Blackwell Publishing/CRS Press {pound}89{middle dot}50 (hardback). 248 pp.

This book is the 11th volume inthe series ‘Annual Plant Reviews’, which is dedicatedto summarizing the most recent achievements in specific fieldsof plant biology. The volume comprises nine different thematicchapters, each written by distinguished experts     

An introduction to plant structure and development * Beck CB. 2005. * Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. {pound}30.00 (hardback). 464 pp.

This book has beenwritten primarily as a text for a senior plant anatomy course.The initial phrase ‘An introduction to’ is somewhatmisleading as a student would need to have some elementary knowledgeof botany as well as cell structure and physiology to followthe information and the ideas without difficulty. The authordoes     

Margaret Mee's Amazon. Diaries of an artist explorer. * Margaret Mee. 2003. * Woodbridge Suffolk, UK: Antique Collectors' Club. * {pound}29{middle dot}50 (hardback). 320 pp, 400 colour illustrations

‘Delight’ said CharlesDarwin in his diaries in 1832, ‘is a weak term to expressthe feelings of a naturalist who, for the first time, has wanderedby himself in a Brazilian forest’. These feelings musthave been those which drove Margaret Mee to explore the Brazilianjungles on numerous expeditions between 1958 and 1964, creatingwonderful pictures despite all kinds of difficulties encounteredin this hostile world. And these feelings were also those Ihad when I read this book: delight about her precise drawingsand life-like paintings, which are extremely expressive from     

Confronting complexity: reply to Le Quere and Flynn

Complexity pervades ecology. The search for unifying laws thereforeentails that ‘biologists work very close to the frontierbetween bewilderment and understanding’ (Medawar, 1969).One approach to developing ecological theory is to abandon simplicityat the outset and operate at the highest appropriate organizationallevel (Dunbar, 1980). On this basis, Le Quéré(Le Quéré, 2006) issues a plea for inclusion ofplankton functional types (PFTs) in plankton models because‘we will not understand ecology until we     

Plant nutritional genomics * Broadley MR, White PJ. eds. 2005. * Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. {pound}115 (hardback). 321 pp.

Plant nutritionis ultimately an applied subject that seeks to understand theprocesses and mechanisms that underpin the uptake, assimilationand internal redistribution of nutrients by plants and thento use this information to improve the yield or quality of harvestedplant parts, be they grains, storage roots or leafy vegetables.The subject now also encompasses the understanding of the responsesof plants to nutrient toxicities (e.g. salinity) as well asnew topics such as metal ‘hyperaccumulation’ and     

Plant biotechnology: the genetic manipulation of plants. * Slater A, Scott N, Fowler M. 2003 Oxford: Oxford University Press. {pound}19.99 (softback). 346 pp.

Few areas of science have progressed as rapidly, or have hadsuch an impact on public consciousness and governments, as recentadvances in plant biotechnology. These exciting scientific discoveriesand their increasing application are continuing to generateconsiderable economic, social and ethical considerations. Particularconcerns have been expressed, however, about potential ‘foodsafety’ and ‘environmental impact’ implications,in particular, of this ‘revolution in biology’ inagriculture and the food     

Molecular ecotoxicology of plants. Ecological Studies Vol. 170. * Sandermann H. ed. 2004. * Berlin: Springer. $89{middle dot}95 (hard cover). 241 pp.

Googling the term‘molecular ecotoxicology’ results in less than 1000hits compared to more than 8·5 million for ‘moleculargenetics’. Hence, we are dealing with a rather new orless well-defined and less propagated field of science. Springer'sbook Molecular ecotoxicology of plants edited by H. Sandermannmay therefore fill a gap and it is unique in focusing on plants.A first introductory chapter sets the stage and tries to definethe term for a broad     

Handbook of photosynthesis, 2nd edition. * Pessarakli M. (ed). 2005. Boca Raton: CRC Press. $159{middle dot}95 (hardback). 928 pp.

The motto of the PhotosynthesisCongress in Brisbane in 2001 was that ‘photosynthesissimply sustains all life on Earth’. For this reason, photosynthesisis a large, well-researched area, so it is especially ambitiousto put together a handbook that attempts to cover the wholesubject. This volume is definitely not a handbook in the sensethat it provides a compendium for the novice, but instead itis a conspectus of areas of     

Occurrence of Multiple Forms of {alpha}-Amylase and Absence of Starch Phosphorylase in Soya Bean Seeds

Soya bean cultivars ‘Altona’ and ‘Chestnut’have active but quite low levels of -amylase. Activity was assayedwith specific substrates, oxidized amylose and ß-limitdextrin, which were resistant to attack by ß-amylase.During seed development -amylase activity increased to a maximumin both cultivars and then declined towards maturity. Matureand germinating seeds retain low activities of -amylase. Gelelectrophoresis separated the -amylase activity into six majorbands which occurred in both cultivars. The isozyme patternwas quite similar for developing, mature and germinating seed.although the relative proportion of activity in the variousbands changed somewhat. Starch phosphorylase was not detectedin any soya bean seed samples tested, but good activity wasfound in potato tuber extracts used as a control. Mixing experimentsusing soya bean and potato extracts indicated there were noinhibiting factors in soya bean seed extracts. Soya bean seedextracts probably do not contain starch phosphorylase. Glycine max (L.), Merr, soya bean, -amylase, isozymes, phosphorylase     

The ecology of seeds. * Fenner M, Thompson K. 2005. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {pound}26 (softback) {pound}55 (hardback) 260 pp.

This volume is a timely updateand considerable expansion of the small book Seed Ecology, publishedby the first author twenty years ago, and long out of print. Is it useful to separate a particular branch of study such as‘seed ecology’ from the wider field of plant ecology?Aren't seeds just a particular packaged form of the sporophyte,at a certain stage in its life cycle? While some may ask thosequestions, a major strength of this book is the care that theauthors take throughout to set their review in the context ofcurrent ecological     

Ethics for life scientists. * Korthals M, Bogers RJ. eds. 2005. * Berlin: Springer. $59{middle dot}95 (paperback). 236 pp.

The motivationfor producing this book is summed up in its last chapter byone of the editors: ‘Life sciences concentrate on lifeand death; this simple statement stands for most of the urgentethical problems these sciences are confronted with ... Thelife sciences cannot escape from ethical issues, controversies,dilemmas even ... In this collection of papers we have intensivelydiscussed the new and often uncertain aspects of     

Ecological genetics: design, analysis and application. * Lowe A, Harris S, Ashton P. 2004. * Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. * {pound}29.99 (softback). 344 pp

This book introduces readers toa whole range of topics associated with ecological geneticsby covering such subjects as genetic markers and sampling, geneticdiversity, gene flow, hybridization and phylogeny construction.Within these chapters     

Sequence gaps join mice and men: phylogenetic evidence from deletions in two proteins

Recent nuclear sequence analyses have provided evidence thatprimates and rodents are more closely related than previouslybelieved (Madsen et al. 2001 ; Murphy et al. 2001a, 2001b ).This proposal is difficult to reconcile with morphological insights(Liu et al. 2001 ; Novacek 2001 ) and is not generally supportedby current mitochondrial sequence data (Reyes, Pesole, and Saccone2000 ; Nikaido et al. 2001 ; Arnason et al. 2002 ; Janke etal. 2002 ). Moreover, the supporting data and analyses havebeen criticized on methodological grounds (Rosenberg and Kumar2001 ). Here we report deletions in two nuclear protein-codinggenes that lend independent support     

New frontiers in bryology - physiology, molecular biology and functional genomics. * Wood AJ, Oliver MJ, Cove DJ, eds. 2004. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. {pound}63 (hardback). 203 pp.

This book is a collection of papersfrom the major researchers involved in physiological, molecularand genomic research on bryophytes, mainly, although not exclusively,using the moss Physcomitrella patens. This is a growing areaof research and the book aims to provide ‘... a synopsisof the outstanding basic research being conducted using mossesas a model multi-cellular eukaryote’. Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) are an importantand often neglected group     

Instant notes in plant biology, 2nd edn. * Lack A, Evans D. 2005. * Oxford: Taylor and Francis. {pound}18.99 (paperback). 351 pp.

The ‘InstantNotes’ series from Bios will probably be familiar to manyreaders. The series' success is evident in the second editionsthat are appearing, e.g. the current volume—albeit nowunder the Taylor and Francis label. Content This book does what it says on the label; it provides noteson (probably) all of the topics within the compass of present-day‘plant biology’. Primarily, it deals with anatomy,growth and development, physiology, reproduction, and economicuses and ecology of flowering plants (angiosperms). However,it does cover other phyla of the Kingdom Plantae (principallyin two ‘taxonomy/evolution’ sections), and algae(along     

In the wake of the double helix: from the green revolution to the gene revolution * Tuberosa R, Phillips RL, Gale M. eds. 2005. * Bologna: Avenue Media. {euro}25 (softback). 722 pp.

This volume isthe proceedings of an international congress held at the Universityof Bologna, Italy, 27–31 May 2003. Major sections aredevoted to the architects of the green revolution: biodiversityand germplasm     

{gamma}-Aminobutyric Acid Metabolism in Plants: Part 2. Metabolism in Higher Plants

The metabolism of -aminobutyric acid (AB) has been studied inhigher plants, particularly in peas and peanuts. Transaminationappeared to form the first step in AB degradation although transaminaseactivities were very low. The relatively active AB transaminaseassociated with whole pea plants possessing nodulated rootsappears to reside almost entirely within the nodules. AB transaminationwas demonstrated conclusively in extracts of mitochondria fromcotyledons of peanut seedlings; pyruvic acid acted as a betteramino-group acceptor than -ketoglutaric acid (KG). AB transaminaseactivity present in the microsomal and soluble cytoplasmic fractionsof the cells was very low AB was not metabolized perceptibly by intact mitochondria frompeanut, but when various organic acids were supplied simultaneously,an extra uptake of oxygen occurred and was associated with ABdisappearance. Aspartate, alanine, and ammonia were formed usingthe nitrogen atom of AB. The metabolic pathway followed by the carbon skeleton of ABwas traced by supplying C¹⁴-labelled material to leaf discsof peas and to mitochondria from peanut cotyledons. Radioactivitywas incorporated into organic acids, amino-acids, and respiratorycarbon dioxide in a manner suggesting that AB was convertedinto succinate which was then metabolized by the enzymes ofthe Krebs cycle present in the plant mitochondria. Glutamic decarboxylase was shown to be present largely in thenon-particulate (soluble) cytoplasm of cells. The enzymes responsiblefor AB synthesis and degradation, glutamic decarboxylase, andAB transaminase, respectively, therefore largely reside in differentsub-cellular fractions.     

{gamma}-Amiobutyric Acid Metabolism in Plants: Part 1. Metabolism in Yeasts

The metabolism of -aminobutyric acid (AB) by two yeasts, Saccharomycescerevisiae and Torulopsis utilis, was investigated. Both yeastsgrew well upon AB as a sole source of nitrogen (N), and thelag phase for Torulopsis was shorter than when provided the N-source. The metabolism of AB by Torulopsis, whichwas associated with an increased O₂ uptake, was adaptive incharacter. The enzyme whose formation was induced by the supplyof AB was a transaminase, which was apparently specific forAB as the amino donor. Small amounts of transaminase were presentin unadapted, -grown cells. The optimum pH, equilibrium constant, Michaelis' constant, and coenzyme requirementwere investigated for the transamination reaction involving-ketoglutaric acid (KG) as amino group acceptor. Succinic semi-aldehyde(SSA) was a product of this transamination reaction.The possibility;that some AB was converted into SSA by a direct oxidative deaminationremained unconfirmed. The further conversion of SSA into succinic acid was establishedusing intact. cells for both yeasts. This oxidation processwas shown to be linked to the reduction of pyridine nucleotidesvising extracts of Saccharomyces as a source of SSA dehydrogenase.Dehydrogenase activity could be ascribed to two separate enzymes,one linked to DPN, and the other utilizing TPN and requiringMg⁺⁺ as an activator. The properties of the former enzyme, whichwas more important quantitatively, were investigated and comparedwith those described in the literature for an aldehyde dehydrogenaseof baker's yeast and for SSA dehydro-genases of Pseudomonas.Torulopsis extracts could catalyse the reduction of SSA to -hydroxybutyricacid (OHB); the OHB dehydrogenase involved required TPNH asa coenzyme. Certain other properties of this enzyme are recorded. The possibility is discussed that AB and SSA act as intermediatesin a metabolic pathway that may form a by-pass of the KG-succinatestage of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.