两种吹绵蚧蜡泌物超微结构的研究

采用扫描电镜技术研究了澳洲吹绵蚧lcerya purchase Maskell和埃及吹绵蚧Icerya aegyptiaca(Douglas)不同龄期主要泌蜡腺体和蜡泌物的超微结构.结果发现:成虫期背面的丝状蜡是由多格腺和皮毛共同分泌产生的.卵囊是由雌成虫成熟时腹部腹面的半圆形卵囊带所分泌的,也是实心丝状蜡结构.若虫期吹绵蚧背面覆盖着由多格腺分泌的丝状蜡,实心结构;腹面有长丝状的蜡质缠绕,紧贴腹面体壁的还有一层小蜡圈.     

三种珠蚧及其天敌瓢虫的考查

福州城南木麻黄上发生珠蚧 (硕蚧 )科的草履蚧、吹绵蚧和银毛吹绵蚧 ,草履蚧发生极其严重 ,吹绵蚧于 5月间也一度猖獗 ,银毛吹绵蚧其次。总受害株达 99% ,受害梢率达 6 0 %以上 ,造成木麻黄生长衰弱甚至枯死。笔者在一年多的时间中 ,对此三种珠蚧及天敌田间种群消长进行了初步的考查。( 1 )草履蚧在福州一年发生 1代 ,以成虫和少数三龄若虫在木麻黄主枝和主干上越冬 ,冬季天气温暖时还见有爬动 ,翌年 3月下旬成虫爬至树头基部松土层 3- 5cm内或树干的裂缝等处 ,分泌绵絮状蜡质的卵囊产卵其中。室内观察一头雌成虫可连续产卵 3天 ,第一天产下…     

咖啡根粉蚧习性及药剂防治试验初报

一、前言 近几年来,在我区桂西南部咖啡植区调查,发现为害小粒种咖啡(Coffea arbica)的蚧虫种类很多。经初步鉴定有:绿蚧(Coccus viridis Green)、绿绵蚧(Pulvi-naria psidii Mask)、褐盔蚧(Saisstia nigra Nietn)、土字盔蚧(Saisstiu oleae Bern)、吹绵蚧(Icerya sp)、粉蚧(Pseudococcus sp.)、咖啡根粉蚧(planococcus lilacinus C.)等7种。它们主要寄生在咖啡的嫩梢、芽、叶背、果柄和根等部位。其中特别值得注意的是为害根部的根粉蚧,发生较普遍而严重,是一种带毁灭性的害虫。本文系作者1959—1960年对该虫调查和防治试     

北京植物园展览温室植物的害虫调查及主要害虫的防治

93年春,作者调查了北京植物园展览温室植物的害虫种类及危害状况。调查结果显示,该温室植物主要害虫为棉蚜(Aphis gossypiii)、桃蚜(Myzus persicae);柑桔红蜘蛛(Panonychus citri);吹绵蚧(Icerya purchasi);红蜡蚧(Ceroplastes rubens)、桑白蚧(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona)等。文章最后就主要害虫蚜虫类、蚧虫类及白粉虱的防治作了论述。     

黄玛草蛉幼虫对埃及吹绵蚧若虫的捕食功能和数值反应

本文研究了黄玛草蛉Mallada basalis (Walker)捕食埃及吹绵蚧Icerya aegyptiaca(Douglas)若虫的功能反应和数值反应。功能反应研究结果表明,黄玛草蛉2龄和3龄幼虫对埃及吹绵蚧若虫的捕食反应均属HollingⅡ型,拟合方程分别为Na=0.6885×No/1+0.6885×0.0433No和Na=1.2085×No/1+1.2085×0.0200No,相关系数R2分别为0.9867和0.9858,理论日最大捕食量分别为23.09和50.00。数值反应研究结果表明,不同埃及吹绵蚧若虫密度对黄玛草蛉的生长、发育、繁殖有着显著影响。随着猎物密度增大,黄玛草蛉幼虫发育速率、雌虫产卵量、孵化率及雌性比增大,成虫寿命增加,最后趋于稳定。埃及吹绵蚧若虫密度5、10、15、20、30头分别是黄玛草蛉幼虫存活、幼虫化蛹、成虫羽化、后代卵孵化及世代延续的临界值。猎物密度为30、40、50头时,黄玛草蛉能正常生长发育和繁殖,种群的性比、成虫寿命、产卵量及孵化率有一定的差异,但差异不显著。      

中国拂粉蚧属一新记录种（半翅目，蚧总科，粉蚧科）

热带拂粉蚧Ferrisia malvastra(McDaniel),是一种分布广泛的多食性害虫,可取食30科58种植物,分布29个国家和地区.2014年6月于云南省大理市一未知植物上发现该虫,这是该虫在我国的首次报道.本文重新描述了热带拂粉蚧雌成虫形态特征并附特征图,并介绍其寄主植物、地理分布、生物学及经济意义.     

朝鲜球蚧(Didesmococcus koreanus Borchsenius)及其天敌黑缘红飘虫(Chilocorus rubidus ab.tristis Faldermann)研究

利用瓢虫防治蚧虫,在害虫防治史上有过光辉的历史。利用澳洲瓢虫(Rodolia Cardinalis Muls)成功的防治吹绵蚧(Icerya purchasi Mask)是人所共知的。 解放以来,我国在研究与利用大红瓢虫(Rodoliarufopilosa Muls)、孟氏隐唇瓢虫(Cryptolaemus montro-uzieri Muls)和澳洲瓢虫防治柑桔蚧虫方面都取得了一定的成效。但由于我国地域广大,天敌资源非常丰富,加之过去这方面工作做的不多(尤其是北方),所以毫无疑问,还有很多有益的天敌需耍我们去发掘、研究并加以利用。 黑缘红瓢虫遍布于我国北部及长江流域大部地区,是朝鲜球蚧的重要天敌。本文系报导1959—1960年对朝鲜球蚧及其天敌黑缘红瓢虫的一些初步研究。     

我国的大害虫(十七)——蚧虫的简单介绍

蚧虫在经济上是极为重要的一类昆虫。我国劳动人民很早就已经利用几种蚧虫的分泌物质,这几种蚧虫就成为有益的昆虫,例如白蜡虫和紫胶虫,直到近代还有很大的经济意义。此外,有些蚧虫是知名的害虫,对于果树和观赏树木有很大的危害性,例如吹绵蚧和一些粉蚧,现在成为我们要消灭的对象。由于这些缘故,我们对于蚧虫并不是太生疏的。 但是多数蚧虫的身体很小,最常见的雌虫     

中国星粉蚧属一新纪录种（半翅目，蚧总科，粉蚧科）

群管星粉蚧Heliococcus dorsiporosus Danzig为中国新纪录种。本文重描了雌成虫的形态特征,首次记述了一龄若虫的形态特征,绘制了形态特征图。此外,还编制了星粉蚧属中国已知种类检索表。     

中国拂粉蚧属一新记录种(半翅目,蚧总科,粉蚧科)

热带拂粉蚧Ferrisia malvastra(Mc Daniel),是一种分布广泛的多食性害虫,可取食30科58种植物,分布29个国家和地区。2014年6月于云南省大理市一未知植物上发现该虫,这是该虫在我国的首次报道。本文重新描述了热带拂粉蚧雌成虫形态特征并附特征图,并介绍其寄主植物、地理分布、生物学及经济意义。     

Establishment and host records of Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae) in the Sakishima Islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago,Japan, with notes on its worldwide distribution

The monophlebid scale insect Icerya aegyptiaca is reported for the first time in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, where it was found in four islands: Kurima Island, Kuro Island, Miyako Island and Yonaguni Island. Icerya aegyptiaca was collected from 36 plant species belonging to 23 families. Information on the distribution and natural enemies of I. aegyptiaca and a key to separate known species of Icerya occurring in Japan are provided.     

Hermaphroditism in icerya zeteki cockerell,and the mechanism of gonial reduction in iceryine coccids (coccoidea: Margarodidae morrison)

In the Panamanian iceryine coccid Icerya zeteki Cockerell (Family Margarodidae Morrison) all females become hermaphroditic early in the first instar; occasional males arise from unfertilized eggs, but self-fertilization is assured by the protandry of the hermaphrodite. In the development of the ovotestis, initiation of the male phase is brought about by haploidization of those germ cells destined for spermatogenesis. In both Icerya zeteki and Icerya purchasi this gonial reduction results from the degeneration and elimination of one genome during prophase. Except for minor variations in the coiling cycle of spermatocytes, the chromosomes (n=2) of I. zeteki correspond closely to those of all other haplo-diploid iceryines known. The present status of the species Icerya zeteki Cockerell is reviewed, and on both taxonomicand cytological grounds is judged to be uncertain.Supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant GB — 1922.     

First report of cottony-cushion scale (Icerya purchasi) on red berried mistletoe (Viscum cruciatum)

Cottony-cushion scale ( Icerya purchasi ) infestation on red berried mistletoe ( Viscum cruciatum ) is reported for the first time. Mistletoe is a hemiparasitic plant that was parasitizing stems of olive trees; however, I. purchasi infested only the mistletoe and not the olive. Economic implications are discussed.     

Effects of temperature on development of vedalia beetle, Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant)

The effect of temperature on the development of the vedalia beetle, Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), fed Icerya purchasi Maskell (Homoptera: Margarodidae) under controlled laboratory conditions was studied. Adults exposed to temperatures of 25, 28, 31, 34, and 37 °C for 72 h showed 95–100% survival, however egg production was significantly reduced at 34 and 37 °C. In addition, eggs maintained at 34 °C showed reduced hatch and survival of larvae, and eggs held at 37 °C failed to hatch. The duration of each developmental stage and survival of each stage were measured at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 25 °C. There was no egg eclosion at 10 °C. The developmental time from egg to adult emergence decreased from 79 to 18 days for temperatures from 14 to 25 °C. The sex ratio was unaffected by these temperatures. The lower developmental temperature threshold of R. cardinalis was estimated to be 10.8 °C and the degree–day accumulation was calculated as 279 for development from egg to adult eclosion. These results will guide further research designed to optimize management of vedalia populations in the San Joaquin Valley of California.     

福建省花生地方品种营养特性分析

为挖掘并精准利用福建地方特色花生(Arachis hypogaea)资源,以‘赖坊’、‘衙口小琉球’、‘朱口小籽’、‘文亨红衣’、‘洋后’等5种地理标志花生为研究对象,描述生物学性状,比较分析其营养(脂肪酸、矿质元素、维生素E、甾醇和白藜芦醇等)差异。结果表明,供试花生外形特征和种皮颜色有明显的差异,主茎高或侧枝长与单株生产力均呈负相关;部分品种间的蛋白质、脂肪、可溶性糖、膳食纤维、脂肪酸、矿质元素和天然功能性成分含量差异显著(P<0.05),其中‘衙口小琉球’的蛋白质含量最高,‘朱口小籽’的脂肪、油亚比、维生素E、白藜芦醇含量最高,‘文亨红衣’的铁、植物甾醇含量最高。供试的5个花生品种均达到食用花生1级、油用花生3级标准,且地方特征明显,更适合直接食用。     

Freshwater Crustacea (Cladocera,Copepoda) of Iceland: taxonomy,ecology, and biogeography

Of the many types of freshwater bodies across Iceland (e.g., lakes, springs, rivers, and ponds), greater effort has been invested in researching the freshwater Crustacea (Cladocera, Copepoda) of more permanent, larger, and deeper water bodies than on smaller or more ephemeral sites. To address this, we described the fauna of 12 shallow freshwater bodies distributed from the coast to the central highlands of Iceland. We identified 16 species in 11 genera belonging to six families of Cladocera, and 12 species in eight genera belonging to four families of Copepoda. Five of the species we identified (Alona werestschagini, Cyclops vicinus, Daphnia cristata, Diacyclops abyssicola, and Heterocope borealis) represent new distribution records for Iceland, increasing the number of species now known from this region to 34 Cladocera and 38 Copepoda taxa. Additionally, we discuss the taxonomy of some species with doubtful taxonomical status. Six crustacean taxocenes are described, each characterized by the dominance of different taxa, with bottom sediment characteristics best explaining species assemblage structure. We evaluated the relationships between Icelandic Cladocera and Copepoda faunas and those of the adjacent Svalbard, Faroe, and Shetland Islands, Greenland, and the mainland Norway. The taxonomic composition of the Icelandic fauna is dominated by widely distributed Holarctic, and secondarily Palaearctic and Nearctic species, and is more similar to the faunas of the major North Atlantic islands (64.2–71.8 % similarity) than it is to that of continental Norway.     

A Comparative Analysis of the Morphology and Morphogenesis of Gonostomum strenua (Engelmann, 1862) (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) and Related Species

The morphology and morphogenesis of the hypotrichous ciliate, Gonostomum strenua, found in the soil of a hill in Qingdao (Tsingtao, 36°08’N, 120°43’E), People's Republic of China is described. Some characteristics (organization of the frontoventral cirral rows, origin of the primary primordium and arrangement of the marginal as well as transverse cirri) are sufficiently different from a closely related species Gonostomum affine to suggest that it is a separate species, though its body shape, nucleus and buccal apparatus are very similar to that of G. affine. A comparison of the infraciliatures of the two species is necessary since morphological characteristics alone are sometimes insufficient for species separation.     

A Comparison of Four Vocalizations of the Genus Tragopan (Aves,Phasianidae)

Four calls of the genus Tragopan were described and acoustically analysed. Alarm and wing whir calls were very similar in sound and structure in all five species. By contrast, a comparison of 11 physical parameters of advertisement and clicking calls indicated that species separated into three groups: western and Cabot's each separated into their own group, whereas Blyth's, Temminck's and satyr formed another group. It was hypothesized that the tragopan prototype population had their origin in the eastern Himalayas. Thus, the centrally distributed species of tragopans (satyr, Blyth's and Temminck's) retained characteristics of the ancestral population, whereas the peripheral species (western and Cabot's) underwent vocal modifications. Courtship vocalizations, which are under sexual selection pressure, probably serve as species-isolating mechanisms in sympatric species.