急性阑尾炎患者术后切口感染的病原菌分析及NLR、PCT、CRP联合检测的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：分析急性阑尾炎（AA）患者术后切口感染的病原菌并探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）联合检测的预测价值。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年9月青岛大学附属医院收治的379例接受腹腔镜或开腹手术的AA患者,根据是否发生术后切口感染分为感染组和非感染组,收集AA患者临床资料并检测NLR、PCT、CRP水平。分析术后切口感染AA患者病原菌分布情况,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析AA患者术后切口感染的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析NLR、PCT、CRP对AA患者术后切口感染的预测价值。结果：379例AA患者术后切口感染发生率为12.40%（47/379）,47例术后切口感染AA患者切口分泌物共检测出75株病原菌,革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌分别占比42.67%（32/75）、57.33%（43/75）。感染组NLR、PCT、CRP水平高于非感染组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、病程≥24 h、阑尾化脓或坏疽及穿孔、开腹手术、留置引流管和血清NLR、PCT、CRP升高为AA患者术后切口感染的独立危险因素,预防性应用抗菌药物为其独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,NLR、PCT、CRP联合预测AA患者术后切口感染的曲线下面积大于NLR、PCT、CRP单独预测。结论：术后切口感染AA患者病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主,术前NLR、PCT、CRP水平升高与AA患者术后切口感染密切相关,三者联合预测AA患者术后切口感染的价值较高。     

内毒素、PCT联合NLR对经皮肾镜碎石术后患者尿源性脓毒血症的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨内毒素、降钙素原（PCT）联合中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）对经皮肾镜碎石术（PCNL）术后患者发生尿源性脓毒血症的预测价值。方法：选取2020年5月-2023年5月于西安医学院第二附属医院和空军军医大学第一附属医院泌尿外科行PCNL的患者750例作为研究对象。根据尿源性脓毒症发生情况分为尿源性脓毒血症组（n=45）和非脓毒血症组（n=705）。检测PCNL术前血清内毒素、PCT、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞水平，并计算NLR。对比两组血清内毒素、PCT水平及NLR。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析PCNL术后患者发生尿源性脓毒血症的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清内毒素、PCT联合NLR预测PCNL术后患者发生尿源性脓毒血症的临床效能。结果：与非脓毒血症组相比，尿源性脓毒血症组血清内毒素、PCT及NLR更高（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归模型分析结果显示，血清内毒素升高、PCT升高、NLR升高、尿白细胞阳性、术前发热及鹿角型结石是PCNL术后患者发生尿源性脓毒血症的独立危险因素（P<0.05）；ROC曲线分析结果显示，血清内毒素、PCT联合NLR检测预测PCNL术后患者发生尿源性脓毒血症的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.913，高于上述各指标单独检测。结论：PCNL术前血清内毒素、PCT和NLR升高可能与术后患者发生尿源性脓毒血症有关。血清内毒素、PCT水平升高、NLR升高、术前发热、尿白细胞阳性、鹿角型结石是PCNL术后患者发生尿源性脓毒血症的危险因素。血清内毒素、PCT联合NLR检测对PCNL术后患者发生尿源性脓毒血症具有较高预测价值。     

血培养阳性报警时间联合降钙素原、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值对大肠埃希菌血流感染患者死亡风险的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨血培养阳性报警时间（TTP）联合降钙素原（PCT）、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）对大肠埃希菌血流感染（BSI）患者死亡风险的预测价值。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年6月我院收治的223例大肠埃希菌BSI患者,根据入院后28 d内是否死亡分为死亡组和存活组。收集患者临床资料和血培养TTP,检测PCT、NLR。采用多因素Logistic回归分析大肠埃希菌BSI患者死亡的影响因素。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析TTP、PCT、NLR对大肠埃希菌BSI患者死亡风险的预测价值。结果：223例大肠埃希菌BSI患者入院后28 d内死亡率为30.04％（67/223）。死亡组TTP短于存活组,PCT、NLR高于存活组（P均＜0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄增加、入住重症监护病房（ICU）、气管插管/切开、PCT升高、NLR升高为大肠埃希菌BSI患者死亡的独立危险因素,TTP延长为独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,TTP、PCT、NLR联合预测大肠埃希菌BSI患者死亡的曲线下面积大于各指标单独预测。结论：TTP缩短和PCT、NLR升高与大肠埃希菌BSI患者死亡风险增加相关,TTP、PCT、NLR联合预测大肠埃希菌BSI患者死亡风险的价值较高。     

不同病原学结果血流感染脓毒症患者PT、NLR、PCT/ALB的变化及其与预后的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨不同病原学结果血流感染（BSI）脓毒症患者凝血酶原时间（PT）、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、降钙素原/白蛋白（PCT/ALB）的变化及其与预后的关系。方法：选取2021年1月～2023年3月复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院收治的BSI脓毒症患者130例,根据不同病原学结果分为真菌组11例、革兰阳性菌（G⁺菌）组49例、革兰阴性菌（G^-菌）组70例。根据28d临床结局将BSI脓毒症患者分为死亡组36例和存活组94例。检测并计算PT、NLR、PCT/ALB。采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响BSI脓毒症患者预后的因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析PT、NLR、PCT/ALB对BSI脓毒症患者死亡的预测价值。结果：G^-菌组PT长于真菌组、G⁺菌组,NLR、PCT/ALB高于真菌组、G⁺菌组（P＜0.05）,真菌组与G⁺菌组PT、NLR、PCT/ALB比较无差异（P＞0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示脓毒性休克、PT延长,序贯器官衰竭评估（SOFA）评分升高、急性生理和慢性健康评估Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）评分升高、NLR升高、PCT/ALB升高为影响BSI脓毒症患者预后的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示PT、NLR、PCT/ALB联合预测BSI脓毒症患者死亡的曲线下面积为0.897,大于PT、NLR、PCT/ALB单独预测（P＜0.05）。结论：相比真菌和G⁺菌,G^-菌BSI脓毒症患者PT、NLR、PCT/ALB明显升高,且PT、NLR、PCT/ALB升高是影响BSI脓毒症患者预后的独立危险因素,三者联合对BSI脓毒症患者预后的预测价值较高。     

血清淀粉样蛋白A、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值、血小板/淋巴细胞比值与急性化脓性阑尾炎患儿术后切口感染的关系

摘要 目的：探讨血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、血小板/淋巴细胞比值（PLR）与急性化脓性阑尾炎患儿术后切口感染的关系。方法：选择418例急性化脓性阑尾炎患儿,观察术后7 d内切口感染情况,根据术后感染情况分为感染组和未感染组。对比感染组和未感染组术前血清SAA、NLR、PLR。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析术后切口感染的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估术前血清SAA、NLR、PLR对急性化脓性阑尾炎患儿术后切口感染的预测价值。结果：418例急性化脓性阑尾炎患儿中,有54例出现术后切口感染,感染率为12.92%。感染组术前血清SAA、NLR、PLR高于未感染组（P<0.05）。术后切口感染与手术时间、手术方式有关（P<0.05）;而与性别、年龄、切口长度、发病至手术的平均时间无关（P>0.05）。术前手术时间偏长、血清SAA升高、NLR升高、PLR升高、手术方式为开腹是术后切口感染的危险因素（P<0.05）。术前血清SAA、NLR、PLR联合检测预测术后切口感染的效能大于各指标单独预测。结论：术前血清SAA水平及NLR、PLR在急性化脓性阑尾炎术后切口感染患儿中升高,三指标联合检测对术后切口感染发生具有较高的预测效能,血清SAA、NLR、PLR、手术时间、手术方式是术后切口感染的影响因素。     

肺癌胸腔镜术后肺部感染的危险因素探讨及术前CRP/Alb、PCT、SAA对感染风险的预测价值

摘要 目的：分析肺癌胸腔镜术后肺部感染的危险因素并探讨术前C反应蛋白/白蛋白比值（CRP/Alb）、降钙素原（PCT）、血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）对感染风险的预测价值。方法：选取2019年3月～2021年10月在徐州医科大学附属医院接受胸腔镜手术治疗的360例肺癌患者,根据肺癌胸腔镜术后72 h是否发生肺部感染分为肺部感染组57例和非肺部感染组303例。收集患者临床资料,术前1d检测患者血清CRP/Alb、PCT、SAA水平。通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析肺癌胸腔镜术后肺部感染的危险因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析术前血清CRP/Alb、PCT、SAA水平对肺癌胸腔镜术后肺部感染的预测价值。结果：单因素分析显示,肺部感染组年龄≥60岁、吸烟史、糖尿病、手术时间≥3 h、术中出血量≥200 mL、机械通气时间≥12 h、胸腔引流时间≥5 d比例和血清CRP/Alb、PCT、SAA水平高于非肺部感染组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、吸烟史、糖尿病、手术时间≥3 h、机械通气时间≥12 h、胸腔引流时间≥5 d和血清CRP/Alb、PCT、SAA升高为肺癌胸腔镜术后肺部感染的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,术前血清CRP/Alb、PCT、SAA水平联合预测肺癌胸腔镜术后肺部感染的曲线下面积大于各指标单独预测。结论：年龄、吸烟史、糖尿病、手术时间、机械通气时间、胸腔引流时间和CRP/Alb、PCT、SAA升高为肺癌胸腔镜术后肺部感染的危险因素,术前血清CRP/Alb、PCT、SAA联合预测肺癌胸腔镜术后肺部感染的价值较高。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者剖宫产术后切口感染的影响因素及血清降钙素原、糖化血红蛋白对感染风险的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：分析妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者剖宫产术后切口感染的影响因素并探讨血清降钙素原（PCT）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）对感染风险的预测价值。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年1月我院收治的253例行剖宫产术的GDM患者,根据剖宫产术后是否发生切口感染分为感染组和非感染组。检测血清PCT、HbA1c水平,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析GDM患者剖宫产术后切口感染的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清PCT和HbA1c对GDM患者剖宫产术后切口感染的预测价值。结果：253例GDM患者剖宫产术后切口感染发生率为15.02％（38/253）。单因素分析显示,感染组年龄≥35岁、手术时间≥1 h、术中出血量≥500 mL、肛检/阴检≥3次、羊水污染、胎膜早破、生殖道炎症比例和PCT、HbA1c高于非感染组,预防性使用抗菌药物比例低于非感染组（P均＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,手术时间≥1 h、肛检/阴检≥3次、羊水污染、胎膜早破、生殖道炎症、PCT升高、HbA1c升高为GDM患者剖宫产术后切口感染的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）,预防性使用抗菌药物为其独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清PCT和HbA1c单独与联合预测GDM患者剖宫产术后切口感染的曲线下面积分别为0.797、0.774、0.875。结论：手术时间、预防性使用抗菌药物、肛检/阴检、羊水污染、胎膜早破、生殖道炎症、PCT和HbA1c为GDM患者剖宫产术后切口感染的影响因素,术前血清PCT和HbA1c联合预测剖宫产术后切口感染的价值较高。     

术前AGR、NLR、FOXQ1联合检测对低位直肠癌根治性切除手术患者术后复发的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨术前白蛋白-球蛋白比值（AGR）、中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、叉头框蛋白Q1（FOXQ1）联合检测对低位直肠癌根治性切除手术患者术后复发的预测价值。方法：选取2017年3月至2019年4月重庆市第九人民医院就诊的拟行低位直肠癌根治性切除手术患者110例,术前均检测血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平。随访3~48个月,中位随访时间为25.5个月,失访9例,101例根据术后复发情况将患者分为复发组（n=16）和未复发组（n=85）。比较两组患者术前血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平,收集患者的临床资料,以Logistic回归分析探讨低位直肠癌患者术后复发的危险因素,绘制受试者工作曲线（ROC）判定术前血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平对低位直肠癌患者术后复发的预测价值。结果：复发组术前血清AGR水平低于未复发组,术前血清NLR、FOXQ1水平高于未复发组（P<0.05）;复发组患者肿瘤细胞分化程度为低分化、TNM分期为Ⅲ期、糖链抗原19-9（CA19-9）阳性占比高于未复发组（P<0.05）,复发组术后化疗占比低于未复发组（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析结果显示,TNM分期为Ⅲ期、细胞分化程度为低分化、术前血清AGR降低、NLR升高、FOXQ1升高均为低位直肠癌患者术后复发的危险因素（P＜0.05）;ROC曲线结果显示,术前血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平及三者联合对低位直肠癌患者术后复发的预测的曲线下面积（AUC）值分别为0.738、0.747、0.731、0.842。结论：术前检测血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平对低位直肠癌根治性切除术患者术后复发预测具有一定的价值,且联合的预测价值更高。     

术前三叶因子3、热休克蛋白40、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与上皮性卵巢癌患者肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发的关系

摘要 目的：探讨术前三叶因子3（TFF3）、热休克蛋白40（HSP40）、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）与上皮性卵巢癌（EOC）患者肿瘤细胞减灭术（CRS）后复发的关系。方法：选取2016年1月～2017年5月南京市第二医院妇科收治的140例接受CRS治疗的EOC患者，根据CRS后是否复发分为复发组和未复发组。检测和计算血清TFF3、HSP40、NLR。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析EOC患者CRS后复发的影响因素，受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析EOC患者CRS后复发的预测价值。结果：随访5年，失访2例，138例EOC患者CRS后复发率为52.90%（73/138）。与未复发组比较，复发组国际妇产科联盟（FIGO）分期Ⅳ期、化疗疗程≥6个、术后残留灶为最大残留肿瘤直径≤1 cm（R1）比例更大，术前血清糖类抗原（CA）125、TFF3、HSP40、NLR升高（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，肿瘤直径≥3 cm、低分化、FIGO分期Ⅳ期、术后残留灶为R1和TFF3、HSP40、NLR升高为EOC患者CRS后复发的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示，术前血清TFF3、HSP40、NLR单独与联合预测EOC患者CRS后复发的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.766、0.763、0.765、0.911，术前血清TFF3、HSP40、NLR联合预测EOC患者CRS后复发的AUC最大。结论：术前血清TFF3、HSP40、NLR升高与EOC患者CRS后复发独立相关，可能成为EOC患者CRS后复发的辅助预测指标，且三指标联合应用预测价值更高。     

术前中性粒细胞绝对值/淋巴细胞比值联合血清瘦素、睾酮对前列腺癌根治术后生化复发的评估价值

摘要 目的：探讨术前中性粒细胞绝对值/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）联合血清瘦素、睾酮对前列腺癌（PCa）根治术后生化复发的评估价值。方法：选取2018年1月～2020年1月于我院接受根治性切除术治疗的82例PCa患者。术前均检测NLR、血清瘦素、睾酮水平。术后对所有患者均进行2年随访观察,按照是否发生生化复发分为复发组（n=34）以及无复发组（n=48）。比较两组NLR、血清瘦素、睾酮水平差异。收集患者临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析PCa根治术后生化复发的影响因素。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析NLR以及血清瘦素、睾酮预测PCa根治术后生化复发的评估价值。结果：复发组术前NLR以及瘦素水平均高于无复发组（P＜0.05）,而睾酮水平低于无复发组（P＜0.05）。复发组术前前列腺特异抗原（PSA）≥10 ng/mL、TNM分期T2期人数占比以及Gleason评分均高于无复发组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,术前PSA≥10 ng/mL、TNM分期T2期、Gleason评分较高、术前NLR较高、瘦素水平较高、睾酮水平较低是PCa根治术后生化复发的危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,联合检测术前NLR、血清瘦素、睾酮水平预测PCa根治术后生化复发的ROC曲线下面积为0.897,高于三项指标单独检测的0.678、0.712、0.733。结论：PCa根治术后生化复发受术前PSA、NLR、血清瘦素、睾酮水平、TNM分期、Gleason评分等因素影响,术前NLR联合血清瘦素、睾酮对PCa根治术后生化复发的预测价值较高。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.