实时定量PCR技术及应用

实时定量PCR(Real-tim e Quantitative Polym erase Chain Reaction,RQ-PCR),是20世纪90年代中期发展起来的基于PCR技术的利用不同的荧光检测来给核酸定量的技术。克服了传统PCR的许多不足,能准确敏感地检测模板浓度,DNA拷贝数和检测基因变异。综述了RQ-PCR技术的原理,RQ-PCR实时定量检测系统及应用。     

同步PCR技术及其在植物核酸分子定量中的应用

同步PCR是一种集生化、光电和计算机技术于一体的封闭式DNA扩增系统,采用荧光染料将扩增与检测过程结合在一起,实现了在PCR过程中在线显示PCR反应,通过检测荧光强度来绝对定量起始模板的拷贝数。该技术大大简化和加速了核酸分子的定量过程,不仅快速、灵敏、准确、重复性好,而且很容易计算出待测样品中核酸分子的绝对起始拷贝数。同微阵列等分子生物技术一起,同步PcR技术将会在功能基因解析和病害分子诊断等方面发挥重要作用。本综述除了介绍同步．PCR技术的原理和应用外,还介绍了定量拟南芥,Aux／正4,4基因的转录水平的实验,并就同步PCR操作过程中的问题进行了讨论。     

菌紫质光生物分子器件及其超快过程

菌紫质是嗜盐菌紫膜中的一种光能转换蛋白.它具有光致色变和光驱动质子泵功能,其原初光异构化过程极其迅速,可在430fs内完成.由于菌紫质具有一系列独特的光电和光学特性,如对光强的微分响应,高的空间分辨率,高的光灵敏度,高循环次数等,使得它在光电探测,仿视觉系统,人工神经网络,非线性光学及光学信息记录和处理方面有很多重要应用.利用超短脉冲激光技术,高时间分辨光谱学技术及高速取样探测技术,对菌紫质的光循环,原初光异构化,激发态动力学,质子泵机制等方面的研究已取得了许多有意义的结果.     

单分子PCR技术及其应用

常规PCR技术大都以大量DNA分子(一般为105个以上)为模板进行DNA扩增。新近发展起来的单分子PCR技术是一种以极少量DNA分子(1、5或10个分子)为模板进行扩增的技术。在高保真度DNA聚合酶作用下,单分子PCR技术能扩增出高度一致的DNA;在低保真度DNA聚合酶作用下,单分子PCR技术又能构建出含有大量突变基因的DNA库。该将介绍单分子PCR的基本原理、实验步骤、特点及其应用。     

原位PCR技术及其应用

本文介绍了原位PCR的主要进展、基本步骤,并对其在外源基因检测、基因变异、基因表达及定位等方面的应用作一综述 。     

猴腺病毒（SAdV）PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

目的建立SAdV特异的PCR检测方法并研究实验猴群和猴源性生物制品中SAdV感染或污染情况。方法比对分析多株SAdV序列,设计SAdV特异引物,优化PCR实验条件,建立的PCR方法经验证后检测实验猴群和猴源性生物制品,阳性产物测序并构建进化树。结果经特异性和敏感性鉴定,在设计的5对引物中确定一对最佳引物,可以区分SAdV和MAD,ICH,CELO且可以检测到的最小DNA量为47.9 pg/mL。PCR方法检测实验猴群,阳性率49.2%,测序及进化分析表明,SAdV感染型别呈广泛基因多样性。主要分布在G亚属和以SAdV-49为代表的分支。结论经测序验证,PCR检测方法具有很好准确性,初步应用表明我国实验猴群中SAdV高度流行,应加强实验猴群及相关生物制品中SAdV的监测,避免人类感染SAdV的潜在风险。     

同步PCR技术及其在植物核酸分子定量中的应用

同步PCR是一种集生化、光电和计算机技术于一体的封闭式DNA扩增系统,采用荧光染料将扩增与检测过程结合在一起,实现了在PCR过程中在线显示PCR反应,通过检测荧光强度来绝对定量起始模板的拷贝数.该技术大大简化和加速了核酸分子的定量过程,不仅快速、灵敏、准确、重复性好,而且很容易计算出待测样品中核酸分子的绝对起始拷贝数.同微阵列等分子生物技术一起,同步PCR技术将会在功能基因解析和病害分子诊断等方面发挥重要作用.本综述除了介绍同步PCR技术的原理和应用外,还介绍了定量拟南芥Aux/IAA基因的转录水平的实验,并就同步PCR操作过程中的问题进行了讨论.     

数字PCR技术及应用研究进展

数字PCR是继实时定量PCR之后新兴发展起来的一种绝对定量分析技术。通过将单个DNA分子转移入独立的反应室,PCR扩增反应后,对荧光信号进行检测分析,实现单分子的绝对定量。数字PCR技术摆脱了对标准曲线的依赖,具有更高灵敏度和准确度,在基因突变检测、拷贝数变异检测、微生物检测、转基因食品检测以及下一代测序等方面均得到广泛应用。本文介绍数字PCR技术的定量方法,并评述该技术在主要应用领域的研究进展。     

PCR技术在性别鉴定及性别控制应用中的研究进展

PCR技术是一项发展迅猛的生物技术,因具有快速、灵敏、简便及特异性强等特点而被广泛应用于性别鉴定及其它许多相关研究领域。应用于性别鉴定的PCR方法从简单PCR法、双重或多重PCR法、巢式PCR法发展到改进的两温度梯度PCR法;而不同性别间除了呈现有或无关系（类似于Sry 基因）的基因序列外,也检测到了很多类似于锌指蛋白和牙釉蛋白的呈现不同性别特征的基因序列,这为性别鉴定引物的设计和PCR法进行性别鉴定提供了另一种全新的思路,即如果根据这种性别多态性DNA序列特点设计引物,采用两温度梯度PCR扩增技术进行PCR性别鉴定,则可望简化鉴定程序、降低检测时间、提高鉴定效率,使PCR性别控制技术更加成熟和实用化。随着研究的深入,PCR技术在性别鉴定及控制的应用中必将日益成熟,并推动此项技术在其它相关领域中的研究和应用取得更大的进展。     

基因编辑技术在疾病诊断中的应用

对疾病进行准确的检测和诊断是疾病治疗的先决条件。分子诊断由于其灵敏、便捷、能够在较早窗口期开展筛查的特点,已经在疾病诊断中广泛应用。本文基于基因编辑技术在疾病诊断中的应用,一方面阐述了基因编辑技术在诊断中较为常见的工作原理,另一方面针对不同应用场景讨论了基因编辑在疾病诊断中的应用情况,包括大规模实验室检测与家用检测两种模式。通过理性设计和多学科工程化,基于基因编辑的分子检测平台会在疾病诊断领域产生更多突破性的应用和变革。     

Molecular identification of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Dipt., Agromyzidae) based on real-time PCR

Abstract:  Rapidly identifying juvenile individuals of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) from Liriomyza sativae Blanchard is crucial in plant quarantine. We report a molecular method to identify L . trifolii based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By comparing partial DNA sequences of mitochondrial COI genes of L . trifolii samples collected from Guangdong and Taiwan provinces in China, Japan, Philippine, Israel, Germany, the USA, Mexico and Honduras sequenced by authors, and those of related species recorded in GenBank, a L . trifolii -specific probe was developed. There was no difference in individuals of different stages tested by this probe. The total time for real-time PCR assay system was 2 h, and it would save 3–7 h compared with conventional PCR.     

数字PCR及其在现代医学分子诊断中的应用

数字PCR(digital PCR,dPCR)技术被认为是精确定量核酸分子的全新技术手段,因为具有较高的灵敏度和特异性等特点而得到迅速发展。数字PCR在临床上的多个领域展现出良好的应用前景,比如肿瘤液体活检、器官移植物损伤评估、无创产前筛查、病原微生物分子诊断以及二代测序文库质控和结果验证等。本文就数字PCR在上述领域中的应用研究及其进展进行综述。     

Development of Multiplex PCR to Detect Five Pythium Species Related to Turfgrass Diseases

The objective of this study was to develop multiplex PCR detection method for five Pythium species associated with turfgrass diseases, Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium arrhenomanes, Pythium graminicola, Pythium torulosum and Pythium vanterpoolii. Species‐specific primers and two common primers were designed based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. Another primer set by which all organisms would be amplified in 18S rDNA was used as a positive control. When these total nine primers were applied to the multiplex PCR, all species were individually discriminated in the mixture of five species culture DNA. Furthermore, all five Pythium species were detected in naturally infected plants using the multiplex PCR.     

实时定量PCR技术及其应用

实时定量PCR(Real—time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction,RQ—PCR)技术是20世纪90年代中期发展起来的一种新型核酸定量技术。该技术具有实时监测、快速、灵敏、精确等特点,是对原有PCR技术的革新,扩大了PCR的应用范围。本文综述了RQ—PCR技术的原理、RQ—PCR仪、RQ—PCR实时定量检测系统及其应用。     

SARS病毒的种型变异之比较及其PCR的分子诊断技术应用

概述了SARS-CoV冠状病毒的基因组结构与功能,比较了它与其它冠状病毒的种型变异,并以生物信息学的方法 探讨PCR技术在进行SARS病毒早期诊断上的应用。     

The use of (GACA)4 PCR to sex Old World vultures (Aves: Accipitridae)

A PCR method was developed employing a single primer (GACA)₄ to sex Black vultures ( Aegypius monachus ), Lappet-faced vultures ( Torgos tracheliotus ), and Griffon vultures ( Gyps fulvus ). Using the (GACA)₄ primer several PCR products were generated. One or more PCR products displayed a sex-specific pattern, i.e. they were only present in females (probably corresponding to repetitive DNA on the W chromosome) but absent in males. The sex ratio of 85 Griffon vultures from Spain was almost 1.     

重组PCR技术的应用及优化

重组PCR是通过DNA重叠序列的衔接作用,使多个DNA分子融合在一起的体外扩增技术。它使基因全序列的拼接、基因融合、基因破坏及启动子交换等DNA操作变得简单易行。如今重组PCR已成为DNA分析的有效利器。本研究通过重组PCR在分子进化、基因敲除及基因敲入、启动子研究和转基因植物转化载体的构建等方面的实际应用,分析了该技术的影响因素,并针对引物设计、DNA碱基重叠长度、温度参数等重要反应条件提出了优化方案。     

A multiplex PCR assay for molecular sexing of the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber)

For molecular sexing of the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), we designed a PCR primer set to amplify part of the Y-linked DBY gene. When this primer set was applied to the samples of known sex with the 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) primers as control, PCR products were successfully obtained as two DNA bands in males, a male-specific 163 bp DBY band and a 446 bp band of 16S rDNA shared with females, whereas females showed only the common band. This result shows that this multiplex PCR assay is useful for sex identification of H. glaber.     

Development of PrimeTime-Real-Time PCR for Species Identification of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952) in North Carolina

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is an obligate, sedentary parasite that is a major pathogen of soybean and accounts for an estimated 1 billion dollars in production losses annually in the United States of America. This paper describes the development of a real-time PCR method for rapid, sensitive, species-specific and accurate identification of SCN alone or on mixed populations with other nematodes in North Carolina. The 83-bp DNA fragment of PrimeTime-real-time PCR was designed based on a 477-bp-SCN-SCAR marker previously proved to be SCN-specific. A total of 44 populations including cyst forming nematodes (Heterodera glycines, H. fici, H. schachtii, H. trifolii, Cactodera weissi, Globodera tabacum, Meloidodera floridensis and other unidentified cyst nematodes) and non-cyst forming nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci, Meloidogyne incognita and Xiphinema chambersi) were tested in this study, all SCN populations are tested positive and non-SCN populations negative. This assay for the detection and identification has been successfully applied for testing a single SCN cyst, a 2^nd-stage-SCN juvenile, a single SCN egg, up to ten SCN cysts, a 10-fold dilution of a single 2^nd-stage-SCN juvenile and 20-fold dilution of one SCN cyst. The assay is not SCN-race specific. It gave an accurate positive result when SCN is mixed with other cyst species. Also, nematode universal primers/probes for real-time PCR amplification as a nematode endogenous control to detect the presence of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene were employed in this assay, so that a SCN-negative sample can be tested to exclude false negative. This method will be very useful for a broad range of research programs as well as the regulatory response and management of SCN in North Carolina and other region of the southeastern U.S.A.     

Amplification of Nucleic Acids by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Other Methods and their Applications

Abstract

The in vitro replication of DNA, principally using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), permits the amplification of defined sequences of DNA. By exponentially amplifying a target sequence, PCR significantly enhances the probability of detecting target gene sequences in complex mixtures of DNA. It also facilitates the cloning and sequencing of genes. Amplification of DNA by PCR and other newly developed methods has been applied in many areas of biological research, including molecular biology, biotechnology, and medicine, permitting studies that were not possible before. Nucleic acid amplification has added a new and revolutionary dimension to molecular biology. This review examines PCR and other in vitro nucleic acid amplification methodologies—examining the critical parameters and variations and their widespread applications—giving the strengths and limitations of these methodologies.