响应面法优化黑曲霉产异淀粉酶的培养条件

在液态发酵条件下,采用单因素实验确定了Aspergillus niger PZ331产异淀粉酶的最适碳源和氮源,分别为蔗糖和硝酸铵。在上述基础上利用Plackett-Burman设计对影响产异淀粉酶的因素进行评价,并筛选出硝酸铵、接种量、培养温度3个主要因素;继而利用响应面设计优化了最佳硝酸铵浓度、接种量和培养温度。最终确定了最优培养条件为：蔗糖10 g/L,硝酸铵10 g/L,磷酸氢二钾3 g/L,硫酸亚铁0.01 g/L,硫酸镁1 g/L,起始p H值4.2;接种量2%（孢子浓度为107cfu/m L）,30℃培养72 h,酶活达137.3μ/m L;比基础培养基的提高了1.71倍左右。     

产酸丙酸杆菌生长特性及5L罐发酵动力学研究

论文在摇瓶水平对产酸丙酸杆菌基本生长特性（温度、pH、摇床转速、接种量、种龄等）、碳源、氮源利用情况、产物抑制及5 L罐发酵动力学进行了研究。结果表明,该菌在32℃,初始pH 6．5,摇床转速150 r/min,接种24 h的种子液,接种量为5％条件下,产酸丙酸杆菌生长及产酸水平达最高值;该菌可利用碳源十分广泛,但对氮源要求比较高,只可利用有机氮源;在不同初始葡萄糖浓度下,产酸丙酸杆菌生长及产酸水平差异不大,无明显底物抑制现象;在2g/L的初始丙酸盐浓度下,该菌生长受到明显抑制;在5L发酵罐中,初始葡萄糖浓度为58．8 g/L,发酵72 h,葡萄糖消耗完全,丙酸终浓度达22．4 g/L,丙酸得率和产率分别达0．381 g/g和0．295 g/（L·h）,丙酸占总酸比例达72．10％。     

产氢菌的分离鉴定及其产氢特性研究

从河底污泥中分离到一株产氢菌,通过16S rDNA序列和系统发育分析,鉴定为克雷伯氏菌属,命名为Klebsiella sp. HQ-3.运用单因子试验考察了摇瓶发酵培养基中碳源、氮源、无机盐等因素对克雷伯氏菌HQ-3发酵产氢的影响,并对其产氢特性做了初步研究.结果表明,克雷伯氏HQ-3在葡萄糖浓度为24 g/L,蛋白胨为18 g/ L,KH2PO4为 8g/ L时具有较高产氢量,其最佳产氢初始pH为8.0左右.     

发酵性丝孢酵母(Trichosporon fermentans)发酵产油脂的研究

通过摇瓶发酵,考察了碳源浓度、氮源种类和浓度对发酵性丝孢酵母(Trichosporonfermentans)发酵产油脂的影响,对发酵产油脂条件的初步优化结果为:在葡萄糖100 g/L、蛋白胨1.8 g/L、初始pH 7.0的培养基中,以10%的接种量,于33℃、190 r/min的摇床上发酵120 h,可得菌体生物量为18.2 g/L,干细胞的油脂含量为68.5%。     

羟基乙腈水解酶菌株的筛选及其催化特性

以羟基乙腈为唯一氮源, 从土壤中筛选到一株腈水解酶产生菌CCZU-12, 经形态观察生理生化实验和16S rDNA序列分析, 鉴定该菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。对菌株CCZU-12产腈水解酶的培养条件及催化反应条件进行优化, 最适产酶培养条件为: 碳源为10 g/L乙酸钠, 氮源为5 g/L酵母粉, 金属离子为1.0 mmol/L Mg2+, 培养温度30 °C, pH值7.0, 接种量4%, 装液量50 mL/250 mL; 最适催化反应温度35 °C, pH值7.0, 反应120 h, 羟基乙腈转化率达到98.9%。     

高产洛伐他汀棒曲霉菌株的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化

从不同生境(食品、土壤、空气、有机质等)收集到的自然发酵样品中分离得到150株曲霉属菌株.用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测发酵液中洛伐他汀(Lovastatin)含量,筛选获得1株稳定高产Lovastatin的曲霉菌株(编号:Ac-32).根据菌落形态特征并结合18 S rDNA测序,鉴定其为棒曲霉(Aspergillus clavatus).通过摇瓶发酵单因素实验优化了碳氮源种类、碳氮源含量、碳氮比(C/N)、发酵温度、初始pH、转速、种龄和接种量,确定了棒曲霉菌株Ac-32摇瓶发酵产Lovastatin的适宜条件为:乳糖为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源、碳源含量为100 g/L、氮源含量为12 g/L、碳氮比(C/N)为15:1.8、温度28℃、转速180 r/min、初始pH 5.2、种龄4 d、接种量6%.采用Minitab 17软件的P-B实验设计法,筛选对Lovastatin产量有显著影响的因素为:温度、pH、碳源含量和氮源含量.根据P-B实验结果,运用响应面法分析,确定棒曲霉菌株Ac-32产Lovastatin的最优条件为:碳源含量100 g/L,氮源含量11.8 g/L,温度28℃,pH 5.2.在此条件下,Lovastatin最高产量为236.221μg/mL.     

内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌CC09产Iturin A摇瓶发酵条件优化

【目的】提高内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌CC09发酵产抗菌脂肽Iturin A的产量。【方法】首先采用单因子实验研究了碳源、氮源、NaCl浓度、pH、温度、转速和装液量等因子对CC09产Iturin A能力的影响,然后对其中显著性因子:氮源浓度、pH、温度及装液量4个因素进行正交实验,进一步优化发酵条件。【结果】优化培养基组成及发酵条件可以提高CC09菌株的生长速度及产Iturin A的量,其中可溶性淀粉以及一定比例的蛋白胨和酵母粉是CC09菌株产Iturin A的良好碳源和氮源;培养温度、装液量、培养液pH等也对CC09菌株产Iturin A有显著影响。优化后的培养基成分:可溶性淀粉(碳源)5 g/L、比例为3:1的胰蛋白胨酵母粉混合氮源15 g/L、NaCl 1 g/L;最佳培养条件:pH 6.0、28°C、摇床转速120 r/min、培养瓶装液量20%。【结论】在此条件下,Iturin A的产量可达到690 mg/L,较优化前的138 mg/L提高了4倍。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌M1摇瓶发酵条件优化及脱氮性能评价

旨在提高解淀粉芽孢杆菌M1液体发酵产芽孢量,并考察其对实际废水的反硝化脱氮效果。首先采用单因子实验研究了碳源、氮源、初始pH值、温度、转速和装液量等因子对M1液体发酵产芽孢量的影响。然后对其中显著性因子:氮源浓度、接种量、装液量、温度4个因素进行正交试验,进一步优化发酵条件。结果显示,优化后的培养基成分为:5 g/L碳源(可溶性淀粉)、10 g/L氮源(酵母粉∶蛋白胨=2∶1)、1 g/L NaCl;最佳培养条件为:初始pH6.5、发酵温度34℃、摇床转速180 r/min、培养瓶装液量30%、接种量7%。在此条件下,芽孢杆菌M1芽孢数可达到6.8×108 CFU/mL,高于优化前的2.08×108 CFU/mL。将芽孢杆菌M1投加于反应器中,与不加菌种相比,反硝化脱氮效果提升15%-34%。     

Agarivorans albus RZW1-1产琼胶酶的发酵条件优化

为了提高菌株Agarivorans albus RZW1-1的产琼胶酶能力,本研究通过单因素实验探究碳源、氮源、海盐浓度、琼脂浓度、初始pH、装液量、培养时间、培养温度等因素对产酶的影响,得到该菌株的最佳发酵条件。在单因素实验的基础之上,运用正交试验的方法,得到菌株RZW1-1产酶最高的培养基组分。综合单因素实验和正交设计,最终确定了最佳产酶条件为:葡萄糖0.2 g/L、酵母粉9 g/L、海盐浓度4%、琼脂粉浓度0.1%,在装液量25 m L (250 m L三角瓶)、初始pH7.0、28℃、130 r/min条件下培养48 h酶活力达到最高为23.020 U/mL,较基础培养基提高了2.01倍。     

影响纤维素类物质厌氧发酵产氢因素的研究

用预处理后的农作物水稻秸秆作为原料,进行厌氧发酵产氢,对产氢过程中的几种主要影响因素进行了实验研究。结果表明,起始pH值和反应温度对厌氧发酵产氢结果均有显著影响。在起始pH值为7,温度37℃时,可获得最大累计产氢量为122.1ml/g,在以玉米浆作为有机氮源的情况下,最大累计产氢量为141.2ml/g。     

甲壳素脱乙酰酶产生菌产酶条件的优化

采用斜面培养和液体发酵培养产甲壳素脱乙酰酶的真菌构巢曲霉,并且研究了产酶条件。结果表明,构巢曲霉的最适产酶条件为：发酵培养基初始pH值为6.5、发酵时间为96h、培养温度为31℃、碳源浓度为2%、氮源浓度为2%、金属离子浓度为0.01mol/L、接种量为6%。     

采用玉米秸秆水解糖和玉米浆发酵生产丁二酸

研究了以玉米秸秆水解糖为碳源,不同氮源条件下琥珀酸放线杆菌Actinobacillus succinogenesSF-9的丁二酸发酵产酸能力。结果表明玉米浆可以替代酵母膏作为丁二酸发酵的廉价氮源。厌氧摇瓶丁二酸发酵单因素试验,得到在初糖浓度50 g/L时,玉米浆的较佳用量为20 g/L。在5 L搅拌罐上,考察了不同初始玉米秸秆水解糖浓度对A.succinogenes SF-9发酵生产丁二酸的影响,结果显示高初始秸秆糖浓度对琥珀酸放线杆菌的生长有抑制作用。采用补料分批发酵,发酵60 h丁二酸的产量达到42.7g/L,丁二酸产率82.7%,生产强度0.81 g/(L·h)。丁二酸的产量和生产强度较分批发酵有明显提高。     

Influence of Culture Parameters on Biological Hydrogen Production by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum ATCC 27021

Summary Various medium components (carbon and nitrogen sources, iron, inoculum size) and environmental factors (initial pH and the agitation speed) were evaluated for their effects on the rate and the yield of hydrogen production by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum. Among the carbon sources assessed, cells grown on disaccharides (lactose, sucrose and maltose) produced on the average more than twice (2.81 mol-H2/mol sugar) as much hydrogen as monosaccharides (1.29 mol-H2/mol sugar), but there was no correlation between the carbon source and the production rate. The highest yield (2.83 mol/mol) was obtained in lactose and sucrose but the highest production rate (1.75 mmol/h) in sucrose. Using glucose as carbon source, yeast extract was the best nitrogen source. A parallel increase between the production rate and the yield was obtained by increasing glucose concentration up to 40 g/l (1.76 mol-H2/mol, 3.39 mmol/h), total nitrogen as yeast extract up to 0.1% (1.41 mol/mol, 1.91 mmol/h) and agitation up to 100 rev/min (1.66 mol-H2/mol, 1.86 mmol/h). On the other hand, higher production rates were favoured in preference to the yield at a neutral initial pH 7 (2.27 mmol/h), 1000 mg iron/l or more (1.99 mmol/h), and a larger inoculum size, 10%, (2.36 mmol/h) whereas an initial alkaline pH of 8.5 (1.72 mol/mol), a lower iron concentration of 25 mg/l (1.74 mol/mol) and smaller inoculum size, 1%, (1.85 mol/mol) promoted higher yield over production rate.     

黄孢原毛平革菌产絮凝剂营养条件优化

微生物絮凝剂与传统化学絮凝剂相比,安全无毒、无二次污染,具有开发潜力.黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)能产生微生物絮凝剂,但目前缺少对其产絮凝剂营养条件的优化.使用高岭土并利用单因素法研究碳源、氮源、碳氮比、接种量对Phanerochaete chrysosporium产絮凝剂的...     

一株拜氏梭菌利用甘蔗废糖蜜发酵生产丙酮丁醇

以甘蔗废糖蜜作为原料,利用Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6422菌株进行丙酮丁醇发酵的初步研究.结果表明:采用H2SO4预处理糖蜜,初糖质量浓度60 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 2g/L,CaCO3 10 g/L,温度30℃,pH 5.5～7.0,接种量6％(体积分数),在5L发酵罐中发酵培养96 h,总溶剂产量为16.17 g/L,其中丁醇质量浓度为10.07 g/L,总溶剂产率为30.2％,糖利用率为89.3％.     

Isolation and Characterization of Biosurfactant-and Bioemulsifier-Producing Bacteria from Petroleum Contaminated Sites in Western Canada

Biosurfactant-producing bacteria were isolated from two petroleum contaminated sites in western Canada. Seven potential biosurfactant/bioemulsifier-producing isolates were screened and characterized. All of the seven isolates were able to form emulsions. Emulsion-stabilizing capacity was also measured up to 48 hrs. Strain C-111-2 and C-203-2 would lead to highly reduced surface tension. For strain C-203-2, the optimum conditions that supported bacteria growth and production were investigated. The influences of carbon sources, medium pH values, and temperature were taken into account. The experimental results indicated that the crude oil and glucose were promising carbon sources for biosurfactants production; the isolated strains produced a maximum concentration of biosurfactant in a neutral pH environment and showed a higher surface activity under the temperature level of 35°C than that under 10°C. To further optimize the carbon and nitrogen source for biosurfactant production, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to explore the favorable concentration of two carbon sources: glucose, crude oil, and one nitrogen source, NaNO₃. The optimal concentration of 8.1g/L, 4% and 3.9 g/L for glucose, crude oil, and NaNO₃, respectively, which can be obtained through RSM analysis.     

Factors influencing the production of hydrogen by the purple non‐sulphur phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas acidophila KU001

Rhodopseudomonas acidophila KU001 was isolated from leather industry effluents and the effect of different cultural conditions on hydrogen production was studied. Anaerobic light induced more hydrogen production than anaerobic dark conditions. Growing cells produced more amounts of hydrogen between 96 and 144 h of incubation. Resting and growing cells preferred a pH of 6.0 ± 0.24 for hydrogen production. Succinate was the most preferred carbon source for the production of hydrogen while citrate was a poor source of carbon. Acetate and malate were also good carbon sources for hydrogen production under anaerobic light. Among the nitrogen sources, R. acidophila preferred ammonium chloride followed by urea for production of hydrogen_. L‐tyrosine was the least preferred nitrogen source by both growing and resting cells.     

Hydrogen production by immobilized Chlorella vulgaris: optimizing pH, carbon source and light

The effects of light, pH and organic carbon sources were investigated on hydrogen production by algae. An optical fiber was examined as an internal light source. The optical fiber rendered prolonged lag time and total time of hydrogen production. The optimal pH to produce hydrogen for Chlorella sp. was 8.0. Glucose, fructose, sucrose and malt extract were compared as organic carbon sources. The optimal dose of each carbon source was 5 g/L for maximum hydrogen yield. Sucrose produced the largest hydrogen volume (1,315 ml/L), while the highest production rate (24 ml/L/h) was observed in the presence of fructose.     

高糖和氮源对鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)L-乳酸发酵的影响

鼠李糖乳杆菌经实验室耐高糖高酸选育,能够在高糖浓度下高效高产L-乳酸。以酵母粉为氮源和生长因子,葡萄糖初始浓度分别为120 g/L和146 g/L,摇瓶培养120h,L-乳酸产量分别为104g/L和117.5g/L,L-乳酸得率分别为86.7%和80.5%。高葡萄糖浓度对菌的生长和乳酸发酵有一定的抑制。增加接种量,在高糖浓度发酵条件下,可以缩短发酵时间,但对增加乳酸产量效果不明显。乳酸浓度对鼠李糖乳杆菌生长和产酸有显著的影响。初始乳酸浓度到达70g/L以上时,鼠李糖乳杆菌基本不生长和产酸,葡萄糖消耗也被抑制。酵母粉是鼠李糖乳杆菌的优良氮源,使用其它被测试的氮源菌体生长和产酸都有一定程度的下降。用廉价的黄豆粉并补充微量维生素液,替代培养基中的酵母粉,可以使产酸浓度和碳源得率得以基本维持。