代谢型谷氨酸受体5亚型高通量筛选模型的建立

目的: 利用荧光测钙的方法,建立了人源代谢型谷氨酸受体5亚型(mGluR5)的高通量筛选模型。方法: 通过基因合成得到mGluR5的ORF区域,并将其构建到pCNDA3.1真核表达载体上。将此重组质粒转染HEK293细胞,利用抗生素筛选和钙流检测方法得到稳定表达mGluR5的重组细胞株。结果: 对试验条件:接种密度,孵育时间,溶剂DMSO浓度进行了优化,建立了稳定可靠的实验系统。并使用该受体特异激动剂和拮抗剂进行了功能验证,其中激动剂EC50 L-Quisqualic acid(67.8nmol/L) > L-Glu(2.73μmol/L),抑制剂IC50 MTEP(3.3nmol/L) > Fenobam(23.5nmol/L)系统Z因子为0.68,证明建立了一个人源mGluR5抑制剂的细胞筛选模型。利用此重组细胞株对360种化合物进行了筛选,找到了若干对mGluR5有抑制效果的化合物。结论: 此细胞模型适用于mGluR5抑制剂的高通量筛选。     

高通量筛选瞬时受体势V3通道调节剂细胞模型的建立

为发现TRPV3调节剂,通过荧光成像分析系统检测钙浓度,建立高通量筛选瞬时受体势V3通道(Transient receptor potential V3,TRPV3)调节剂的细胞模型.将TRPV3表达载体转染人胚肾(HEK-293)细胞,抗生素筛选稳定表达TRPV3的细胞系,选取TRPV3特异性调节剂作用于细胞模型,应用荧光成像分析系统测钙实验检测TRPV3高表达细胞系药理学特征,同时优化实验条件,考察模型的稳定性,并评估应用于96孔板及384孔板进行高通量筛选的可靠性及准确性.获得了高表达TRPV3的HEK-293稳定细胞系,通过TRPV3离子通道调节的钙流信号与TRPV3特异性调节剂成剂量依赖关系,优化得到了最适筛选条件,该模型稳定,灵敏,通过Z因子及Spiking检测,完全符合高通量筛选需求.利用此细胞模型通过检测钙信号可筛选TRPV3调节剂.     

带Myc、His标签的SPAG4L真核表达载体的构建与表达

为了获得带有His、Myc 双标签的SPAG4L蛋白,建立能够稳定表达该蛋白的细胞系,本研究利用PCR技术从人睾丸cDNA中扩增SPAG4L开放阅读框,构建到pcDNA3.1(+)myc-his真核表达载体中进行测序和双酶切验证。将pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)A/SPAG4L质粒和空白载体分别转染HeLa细胞,G418筛选后建立稳定转染细胞系。用Western blotting和免疫荧光技术对新建立的稳定转染细胞系进行检测。结果表明,成功扩增了SPAG4L基因,构建到pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)A真核表达载体后,经酶切和测序验证所插入的SPAG4L序列完全正确;pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)A/SPAG4L转染HeLa细胞后,经G418筛选后建立了稳定转染细胞系。Western blotting检测后发现,新建立的细胞系能够正确表达SPAG4L及其标签蛋白,进一步的免疫荧光实验发现,SPAG4L能够和内质网标签蛋白PDI共定位。研究结果所提供的稳定转染细胞系将为下一步进行免疫共沉淀和pull-down实验提供了有力的工具。     

激活谷氨酸促代谢型受体8促进肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡

本文旨在检测谷氨酸促代谢型受体(metabotropic glutamate receptors,mGluR)各亚型在肺腺癌A549细胞中的表达,并进一步探讨呈高表达的mGluR8和mGluR4激活对A549细胞体外生长的影响。采用real-time PCR技术检测A549细胞mGluR各亚型的m RNA表达,采用免疫组化技术检测A549细胞以及肺腺癌组织mGluR8和mGluR4蛋白表达。采用CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞生长,EdU掺入检测细胞DNA合成率,hoechst 33258染色及流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡的变化,分别观察mGluR8的激动剂(S)-3,4-DCPG及mGluR4的激动剂VU0155041对A549细胞生长的影响。结果显示:A549细胞I组促代谢型受体mGluR1和mGluR5m RNA呈低水平表达,II组促代谢型受体mGluR2和mGluR3 mRNA无表达,III组促代谢型受体mGluR4、mGluR6、mGluR7和mGluR8 m RNA均有表达,其中以mGluR8的m RNA表达水平最高,mGluR4表达次之;A549细胞及部分患者肺腺癌组织上有mGluR4和mGluR8的蛋白表达。VU0155041对A549细胞的体外生长无明显影响,而(S)-3,4-DCPG呈剂量依赖性抑制A549细胞的生长,并促进其凋亡。这些结果揭示mGluR8激活具有抑制肺癌细胞生长作用,为肺癌防治的研究提供新的线索。     

绿色荧光蛋白标记的葡萄糖转运蛋白4稳定表达细胞系的建立

目的:建立稳定表达EGFP标记的葡萄糖转运蛋白4的CHO细胞系,为研究GLUT4在CHO细胞中的转运调节机制奠定基础。方法:采用分子克隆方法构建GLUT4-EGFP的融合蛋白,在FLP-in的CHO细胞系中表达,潮霉素筛选后得到稳定的细胞系。结果:通过共聚焦显微镜的检测,证明了此稳定细胞系的阳性率达到了99%。定位研究表明大部分GLUT4以囊泡形式分布在CHO细胞胞浆内,但是质膜上也有少量的GLUT4。结论:建立了一个稳定表达GLUT4-EGFP的CHO细胞系,为进一步研究GLUT4的转运提供了一个很好的细胞模型。     

黑色素皮质素受体激动剂的高通量筛选模型研究

为了建立黑色素皮质素受体（MC4R）激动剂的高通量筛选方法,将人的MC4R基因质粒（hMC4R/pCDNA3.1）与报告基因质粒（3×CRE/3×MRE/SRE-LUC）按1∶5的比例共转染到HEK293细胞,通过G418筛选,建立了稳定的MC4R激动剂筛选细胞株.利用MC4R内源激动剂α-MSH探索和优化了每孔接种细胞数目、激动剂孵育时间、溶剂DMSO终浓度、荧光素酶底物浓度等筛选条件,建立了可靠的筛选方法.实验表明：当细胞数目为4×10⁴个/孔,激动剂孵育时间为8 h,每孔DMSO终浓度小于1％和α-MSH终浓度为1 μmol/L时,系统Z'-因子接近0.7,能够用于MC4R激动剂的高通量筛选.     

表达红色荧光及转胸腺素β4基因绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞系的制备

旨在构建胸腺素β4(thymosin beta4,Tβ4)基因真核表达载体并转染绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,获得稳定表达胸腺素β4及红色荧光蛋白的转基因细胞克隆。将克隆载体pMD19TT中的胸腺素β4基因亚克隆到表达载体pIRES2-DsRed2的多克隆位点,构建表达载体pIRES2-DsRed2-Tβ4,脂质体介导转染绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,G418筛选获得稳定转染的细胞克隆。RT-PCR检测Tβ4基因在宿主细胞中的转录。测序结果显示,构建的表达载体pIRES2-DsRed2-Tβ4序列中,Tβ4基因正确连接在CMV启动子下游,顺序连接IRES2序列和红色荧光蛋白基因,载体构建正确。脂质体介导的稳定转染效率约为15%,经G418筛选得到转基因细胞克隆并高效表达红色荧光蛋白。RT-PCR检测显示外源Tβ4基因在绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞中得到转录。成功构建具有红色荧光蛋白和新霉素抗性双选择标记的胸腺素β4基因真核表达载体并稳定转染绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,筛选得到的超表达胸腺素β4绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞系为下一步通过核移植和克隆技术获得转基因绵羊提供了条件。     

α-HNP-1转基因细胞系的建立

目的构建稳定表达人α-HNP-1的转基因细胞系,为稳定生产α-HNP-1并将其应用于医药开发提供生产细胞源。方法真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)/HNP-1经酶切和测序鉴定后,用脂质体转染法转染昆明白小鼠胚胎干细胞来源的上皮细胞,通过不同浓度的G418加压筛选,建立稳定转染的胚胎干细胞来源的上皮细胞系,用RT-PCR及抑菌试验检测α-HNP-1的表达。结果建立了稳定转染的ES来源的上皮细胞系,成功地表达目的基因,其培养上清液及细胞冻融液具有抑菌作用,结论真核表达载体稳定转染胚胎干细胞来源的上皮细胞系,为进一步研究α-HNP-1的功能奠定了基础。     

中性粒细胞mGluRI的激活促进其与内皮细胞相互黏附

本文旨在探讨I组代谢型谷氨酸受体(group I metabotropic glutamate receptor,mGluRI)在中性粒细胞上的表达,以及该受体的激活对中性粒细胞与内皮细胞相互黏附的影响。取健康人新鲜静脉血,Ficoll-Hypaque密度梯度离心法分离中性粒细胞,免疫细胞化学法和real-time PCR法检测中性粒细胞mGluRI(包括mGluR1和mGluR5)的表达,分别应用不同浓度的mGluRI特异性激动剂S-3,5-二羟基苯甘氨酸(S-3,5-dihydroxy-phenylglycine,S-DHPG)处理中性粒细胞不同时间,通过比色法检测中性粒细胞和人正常脐静脉内皮细胞(human normal umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVE-12)黏附率,采用流式细胞术测定中性粒细胞黏附分子CD11a表达的变化。结果证实中性粒细胞表达mGluRI(mGluR1/5);S-DHPG在1×10-8~1×10-6mol/L浓度范围内呈剂量依赖性地提高中性粒细胞与内皮细胞之间的黏附率(P0.05或P0.01);1×10-6mol/L S-DHPG单独作用于中性粒细胞0.5h,即可促进中性粒细胞黏附于内皮细胞(P0.01),但没有时间依赖性;1×10-6mol/L S-DHPG单独作用于中性粒细胞可促进CD11a表达(P0.01);mGluRI拮抗剂(RS)-α-甲基-4-羧基苯甘氨酸[(RS)-α-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine,(±)-MCPG](0.5mmol/L)可以显著阻断激动剂S-DHPG(1×10-6mol/L,1h)的促黏附效应(P0.01)。上述结果证实了中性粒细胞膜上mGluRI的激活可增强中性粒细胞表面黏附分子CD11a的表达,促进中性粒细胞与内皮细胞的黏附。     

代谢型谷氨酸受体4的真核表达及其在乳腺癌细胞增殖中的作用

目的:建立代谢型谷氨酸受体4(mGluR4)在乳腺癌细胞MCF-7中高表达的模型,探索mGluR4的亚细胞定位及其在乳腺癌增殖中的作用。方法:提取MCF-7细胞总RNA并逆转录为cDNA;PCR扩增mGluR4基因;利用无缝克隆技术快速构建以pENTER为载体的mGluR4重组表达质粒;通过Western印迹和免疫荧光实验检测mGluR4在MCF-7细胞中的表达及定位;利用CCK8实验观察mGluR4对MCF-7细胞增殖的影响。结果:构建了能够在MCF-7细胞中高表达的mGluR4真核表达质粒,免疫荧光结果显示mGluR4定位于细胞膜和细胞质,CCK8实验表明高表达mGluR4显著促进乳腺癌细胞的增殖能力。结论:为探索mGluR4的相关功能制备了必要工具,为研究mGluR4在乳腺癌增殖中的分子机制奠定了基础。     

Minocycline improves the functional recovery after traumatic brain injury via inhibition of aquaporin-4

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main concerns worldwide as there is still no comprehensive therapeutic intervention. Astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) system is closely related to the brain edema, water transport at blood-brain barrier (BBB) and astrocyte function in the central nervous system (CNS). Minocycline, a broad-spectrum semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotic, has shown anti-inflammation, anti-apoptotic, vascular protection and neuroprotective effects on TBI models. Here, we tried to further explore the underlying mechanism of minocycline treatment for TBI, especially the relationship of minocycline and AQP4 during TBI treatment. In present study, we observed that minocycline efficaciously reduces the elevation of AQP4 in TBI mice. Furthermore, minocycline significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis, ameliorated brain edema and BBB disruption after TBI. In addition, the expressions of tight junction protein and astrocyte morphology alteration were optimized by minocycline administration. Similar results were found after treating with TGN-020 (an inhibitor of AQP4) in TBI mice. Moreover, these effects were reversed by cyanamide (CYA) treatment, which notably upregulated AQP4 expression level in vivo. In primary cultured astrocytes, small-interfering RNA (siRNA) AQP4 treatment prevented glutamate-induced astrocyte swelling. To sum up, our study suggests that minocycline improves the functional recovery of TBI through reducing AQP4 level to optimize BBB integrity and astrocyte function, and highlights that the AQP4 may be an important therapeutic target during minocycline treating for TBI.     

VEGF-A signaling through Flk-1 is a critical facilitator of early embryonic lung epithelial to endothelial crosstalk and branching morphogenesis

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) signaling directs both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. However, the role of VEGF-A ligand signaling in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during early mouse lung morphogenesis remains incompletely characterized. Fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1) is a VEGF cognate receptor (VEGF-R2) expressed in the embryonic lung mesenchyme. VEGF-A, expressed in the epithelium, is a high affinity ligand for Flk-1. We have used both gain and loss of function approaches to investigate the role of this VEGF-A signaling pathway during lung morphogenesis. Herein, we demonstrate that exogenous VEGF 164, one of the 3 isoforms generated by alternative splicing of the Vegf-A gene, stimulates mouse embryonic lung branching morphogenesis in culture and increases the index of proliferation in both epithelium and mesenchyme. In addition, it induces differential gene and protein expression among several key lung morphogenetic genes, including up-regulation of BMP-4 and Sp-c expression as well as an increase in Flk-1-positive mesenchymal cells. Conversely, embryonic lung culture with an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to the Flk-1 receptor led to reduced epithelial branching, decreased epithelial and mesenchymal proliferation index as well as downregulating BMP-4 expression. These results demonstrate that the VEGF pathway is involved in driving epithelial to endothelial crosstalk in embryonic mouse lung morphogenesis.     

Kruppel样因子4对内毒素所致IL-6基因表达的调控及机制研究

探讨Kruppel样因子4(KLF4)对内毒素所致白介素(IL-6)的基因表达以及释放的影响,并对其调控机制做了初步研究．使用RT-PCR和Western blot检测KLF4 mRNA和蛋白质的表达．采用KLF4过表达的RAW264.7巨噬细胞株或反义寡核苷酸技术抑制内源性KLF4的表达,用RT-PCR和ELISA检测内毒素(LPS)刺激后IL-6 mRNA和蛋白质的表达．采用荧光素酶报告基因检测RAW264.7细胞中KLF4过表达对IL-6基因启动子报告基因转录活性的影响．使用EMSA法检测细胞中KLF4与IL-6基因启动子区KLF4元件的结合．结果表明：LPS可以诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞KLF4的表达以及IL-6蛋白表达．KLF4过表达明显抑制IL-6的mRNA和蛋白质的表达,而KLF4缺失使这种作用消失．荧光素酶报告基因的结果显示,KLF4可以抑制LPS所致的IL-6基因启动子的转录活性．EMSA显示KLF4不能与IL-6启动子区的KLF4结合元件直接结合．结果表明,LPS可以促进RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞KLF4的表达和IL-6的释放．KLF4能抑制LPS诱导的IL-6表达和释放,其机制是抑制IL-6启动子的转录活性,但KLF4的抑制作用不是通过直接与IL-6基因的启动子区相结合而实现的．     

A DNA vaccine against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) prevents tumor growth

Co-stimulatory signaling pathway triggered by the binding of B7.1/B7.2 (CD80/86) of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to CD28 of T cells is required for optimal T-cell activation. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a negative regulator of T cell activation, which competes with CD28 for B7.1/B7.2 binding with a greater affinity. Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4, has shown positive efficacy in a pivotal clinical trial for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and was approved by FDA. However, the cost of monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics might limit the number of patients treated. To develop a novel therapeutics specifically targeting CTLA-4, we constructed a DNA vaccine by cloning the sequence of CTLA-4 fused with a transmembrane domain sequence of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) into a mammalian expression plasmid, pVAC-1. Immunization with the resulting construct, pVAC-1-hCTLA-4, elicited antibody specific to human CTLA-4 with cross reactivity to murine CTLA-4, which was sufficient for inhibiting B16F10 tumor growth in c57BL/6 mice in the absence of measurable toxicity. Coupling liposome with pVAC-1-mCTLA-4 could break tolerance to self-antigen in BALB/c mice and induce potent immunity against murine CTLA-4, and suppress growth of subcutaneous renal cell carcinoma (Renca).     

A comparative study on the formation and characterization of aerobic 4-chloroaniline-degrading granules in SBR and SABR

The formation and characterization of the aerobic 4-chloroaniline-degrading granules in the three column-type sequencing batch reactors were investigated in this paper. The granular sludge was observed since 15 days after start-up in R2 and R3 which had the high ratio of height to diameter (H/D). Since then and within the subsequent 75 days, the granulation of aerobic sludge was apparently developed by the decreased settling time and gradually increased 4-chloroaniline (4-ClA) concentration to above 400 mg.L(-1) in R1 to R3. The aerobic granules tended to be mature in all reactors continuously operated with 4-ClA loading rates of around 800 g.m(-3).d(-1), and the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and 4-ClA were maintained above 93%, 70%, and 99.9%, respectively. Mature aerobic granules in R1 to R3 featured with the average diameter of 0.78, 1.68, and 1.25 mm, minimal settling velocity of 20.5, 70.1 and 66.6 m.h(-1), specific 4-ClA degradation rates of 0.14, 0.21, and 0.27 g.gVSS(-1).d(-1), and the ratio of proteins to polysaccharides of 8.2, 10.8, and 13.7 mg.mg(-1), respectively. This study demonstrates that the reactor with a high H/D ratio and internal circulation favors the granulation and stabilization of aerobic sludge.     

苯丙氨酸代谢途径关键酶:PAL、C4H、4CL研究新进展

主要阐述了苯丙氨酸代谢途径中三种关键酶:苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、肉桂酸4-羟基化酶(C4H)、4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL)的研究进展,希望能为研究植物次生代谢途径的研究工作者提供一些帮助。     

四氯化碳联合二乙基亚硝胺对小鼠精巢的毒性作用

为了研究四氯化碳(CCL4)联合二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)对小鼠(Mus musculus domesticus)精巢的毒性作用。将昆明小鼠随机分为对照组与实验组,各12只个体。实验组每周2次腹腔注射含有15%CCl4的花生油溶液,同时自由饮用0.07‰的DEN溶液,连续诱导8周。对照组每周2次注射花生油,饮用蒸馏水。分别于第3、6、8周处死实验组及对照组小鼠各4只,对其精巢组织进行常规固定、包埋、切片、H.E染色,观察精巢的形态及精子数量的变化。与实验组比较,对照组小鼠体重明显增加,且实验组与对照组差异显著;与对照组相比,实验组睾丸系数以及精子存活率均显著减少。对照组小鼠精巢都具有正常的生精小管结构,管腔中存在大量精子;第3周,实验组小鼠的精巢与对照组类似,生精小管较为完整,生精细胞稍有散乱;第6周,实验组生精小管变形,生精细胞排列疏松,精子数目减少且畸形;第8周,实验组生精小管残缺不全,生精细胞和精子散乱排列,精子数量大大减少且变形更为严重。实验说明,CCl4联合DEN能够造成小鼠精巢组织的损害以及精子数目的减少和畸变。