大叶苦丁茶抗氧化成分及抗氧化性能研究（I）

对冬青科大叶苦丁茶进行了初步的成分分析,同时采用可见分光光度计法测定其活性部位的POV值,并进行抗氧化性能分析,其中所含多酚和黄酮部位的抗氧化性能较强,具有进一步开发及应用的价值。     

大叶苦丁茶成分提取及抗氧化性能研究

对冬青科大叶苦丁茶进行成分提取、分离 ,并采用可见分光光度计法测定其所含几种主要成分的POV值 ,以及测定不同提取条件对提取物POV值的影响 ,同时进行抗氧化性能分析及评价 ;其中所含多酚和黄酮类成分的抗氧化性能较强 ,具有进一步开发及应用的价值     

花青素的提取纯化、抗氧化能力及功用方面的研究进展

对比国内外花青素提取分离的方法,对各种方法的优缺点进行了分析,对花青素的抗氧化性能进行探讨,并对花青素的研究予以展望。     

微弱发光分析技术应用实例(三)——药物抗氧化作用的测定

微弱发光分析技术用于测定药物的抗氧化作用方式和抗氧化能力有其独特的优点.简要介绍应用BPCL型微弱发光仪测定了十几种药物的抗氧化性能的方法和初步结论.说明了这种技术和仪器在应用领域的作用.还谈到了BPCL微弱发光测量仪数据采集和分析的主要性能.     

金色补血草花中黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性研究

研究了金色补血草花中黄酮类化合物在大豆油中的抗氧化活性.结果表明:金色补血草花中黄酮对大豆油具有明显的抗氧化作用,且具有剂量效应关系,温度对黄酮类化合物在大豆油中抗氧化性能有一定影响,维生素C、柠檬酸、酒石酸对金色补血草花中黄酮类化合物的抗氧化性能均有协同增效作用.     

人面果抗氧化活性成分研究

采用DPPH法对人面果树皮和根部不同溶剂提取物进行抗氧化活性研究.结果表明人面果树皮乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化活性最强.运用正相和反相硅胶柱层析对人面果树皮乙酸乙酯提取物进行分离纯化,用波谱技术(1D和2D NMR)分析鉴定出2个xanthone类化合物:1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone(1)和2,5-di-hydroxy-1-methoxyxanthone(2),化合物1和2均为首次从该植物中发现.对化合物1和2进行抗氧化活性研究,结果表明化合物1和2显示了一定的抗氧化活性.     

板蓝根抗氧化成分及抗氧化性能研究

目的:研究板蓝根抗氧化成分及抗氧化性能,为板蓝根提取物抗衰老、抗肿瘤等领域的开发利用提供科学依据。方法:本文采用系统的分离方法,从板蓝根中提取黄酮、多糖、多酚及生物碱四种成分,并采用Schaal烘箱法、邻苯三酚法、水杨酸法测定板蓝根四种提取物的总抗氧化能力、清除超氧阴离子(O_2~-·)及清除羟自由基(·OH)能力。结果:板蓝根提取物对三种食用油脂均有良好的抗氧化效果,且对抗氧化作用具有剂量效应关系;Vc、柠檬酸及酒石酸对板蓝根提取物的抗氧化作用均有协同增效作用;板蓝根提取物对超氧阴离子(O_2~-·)和羟自由基(·OH)有良好的清除作用,且清除作用具有剂量效应关系;其中板蓝根提取物生物碱和黄酮分别对超氧阴离子(O_2~-·)和羟自由基(·OH)清除作用较强。结论:板蓝根取物具有良好的抗氧化作用,可将其作为一种天然的抗氧化剂应用于油脂、食品及日用品中;也可将其应用于抗衰老,抗高血脂药物研究中,进一步开发其药用价值。     

响应面优化细叶杜香提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

研究细叶杜香抗氧化物质的最佳提取工艺及提取物的抗氧化性能。在单因素试验基础上,选择提取时间、提取温度及料液比为影响因子,应用Box-Benhnken中心组合法进行3因素3水平试验设计,以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)清除率为响应值,进行响应面分析,并研究提取物的体外抗氧化活性。结合实际操作,得到最佳提取条件为提取时间3.3 h、提取温度69℃、料液比为1∶23,在该条件下提取液的DPPH自由基清除率为84.37±0.17%,接近预测值。抗氧化物质得率为4.68±0.24 g/100 g,总黄酮含量为236.17±2.16 mg/g,多酚含量为73.97±3.18mg/g。抗氧化活性实验结果表明,细叶杜香提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性。     

低分子量卡拉胶马来酰化衍生物抗氧化性能研究(英文)

卡拉胶氧化降解制得两种卡拉胶低聚糖(A、B),进而与顺丁烯二酸酐反应合成得到两种低分子量卡拉胶马来酰化衍生物(MA、MB),对两种卡拉胶低聚糖及其衍生物的结构进行表征,分子量进行了测定。对四种物质进行了抗氧化性能的测定,包括超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基的清除,以及还原能力的测定。上述物质抗氧化性能的能力为:MAA,MBB;BA,MBMA。实验结果说明,化学改性可以增强卡拉胶低聚糖的抗氧化活性,且分子量大,抗氧化活性好,这可能与卡拉胶分子的羟基数目以及取代基团的性质有关。     

沙苑子酚类提取物的抗氧化能力研究

为有效开发利用沙苑子,探究其抗氧化特性为深加工提供理论依据和经验参数,本文主要从沙苑子酚类提取物的总还原能力,对超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力,及对Fe2+诱导的脂质过氧化的抑制作用等四个方面进行了研究并比较了三种不同沙苑子酚类提取物的抗氧化性能。结果表明沙苑子酚类提取物均具有一定的抗氧化能力,在实验浓度范围内呈现一定的量效关系。     

Antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil

AIMS: To investigate the in vitro antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. METHODS AND RESULTS: Activity was investigated by broth microdilution and macrodilution, and time kill methods. Components showing the most activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicidal concentrations of < or =0.25%, were terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, linalool, alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, followed by 1,8-cineole. The remaining components showed slightly less activity and had values ranging from 0.5 to 2%, with the exception of beta-myrcene which showed no detectable activity. Susceptibility data generated for several of the least water-soluble components were two or more dilutions lower by macrodilution, compared with microdilution. CONCLUSIONS: All tea tree oil components, except beta-myrcene, had antifungal activity. The lack of activity reported for some components by microdilution may be due to these components becoming absorbed into the polystyrene of the microtitre tray. This indicates that plastics are unsuitable as assay vessels for tests with these or similar components. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study has identified that most components of tea tree oil have activity against a range of fungi. However, the measurement of antifungal activity may be significantly influenced by the test method.     

Interaction of the components of the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system from liver microsomes. I. Immobilization of the solubilized and partially purified protein components]

The method of matrix fixation has been used to study the interaction between the components of the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases from rat liver microsomes. The solubilized, isolated protein components were covalently bound to BrCN-activated. Sepharose in different ways and subsequently the N-demethylase activity was determined. It has been proved that in each case of fixation a certain amount of activity could be determined. However the degree of activity varied in dependence on the sequence and number of bound components. The activity compared with the reconstituted soluble system decreased in the following sequence: single fixation of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase (40%), of cytochrome P-450 (23%); sequential fixation: first component cytochrome P-450 (33%), first component NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase (8%). Simultaneous fixation of both components yielded a lower activity. From the results it was concluded that the activity is influenced by some kind of self-assembly.     

Study of the relationship between changes in lactic acid bacterial cell components and stimulation of IL-12 production under salt-stressed conditions

One hundred and seventeen strains of plant origin lactic acid bacteria were observed to have interleukin (IL)-12 production-inducing activities using mouse peritoneal macrophages. Pediococcus pentosaceus (KKM122) was chosen for its stable and strong IL-12 production-inducing activity. There was no significant difference in IL-12 activity induced by the KKM122 strain grown in culture conditions of 0% and 6% NaCl. The cell wall components of cells grown in 6% salt condition, however, significantly induced lower IL-12 production as compared with those of cells grown in 0% salt condition. Cell wall components enhanced IL-12 activity by removing cytoplasmic components when KKM122 strain was cultured in 0% salt condition. The immunoenhancing factor was mainly present in the cell wall components. IL-12 production-inducing activities were dependent on both the amount of bacterial cytoplasmic components and the structure of the cell wall components under the NaCl concentration in the culture medium.     

A kinetic description of antifreeze glycoprotein activity

The antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGP) of polar fish have the ability to depress the freezing temperature of water approximately 500 times the amount expected based on the number of AFGP molecules in solution; yet AFGP solutions have a purely colligative melting point depression. The difference of solution melting and freezing temperatures is the antifreeze activity of AFGP. One characteristic of AFGP activity that requires further examination is the effect of concentration on antifreeze activity, especially whether the activity saturates at high concentrations or the measured activity increases ad infinitum. This study first surveys the activity of the various antifreeze components from both Pagothenia borchgrevinki and the Arg-containing antifreeze glycoprotein from Eleginus gracilis (EgAF). It was found that all AFGP components examined have a plateau in activity at high concentration, but the actual value of the plateau activity differs between the different length AFGP components and between AFGP and EgAF. While the low molecular weight components of both AFGP and EgAF lose activity at deep supercooling, at high concentration activity is restored. The activity data is then shown to fit a reversible kinetic model of AFGP activity, and the coefficients obtained are used to compare the activity differences between AFGP components and between AFGP and EgAF. The model is also shown to describe the activity of the antifreeze protein of the fish Pseudopleuronectes americanus and the thermal hysteresis protein of the insect, Tenebrio molitor.     

A Simple Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Lysozyme Activity

Nondialyzable model melanoidin prepared from glucose-glycine was separated into 6 components by pH gradient elution on a copper chelated Sepharose 6B column. The separated components were measured for copper chelating activity, UV-VIS spectrophotometry, and electrofocusing. The UV-VIS spectra of these components were found to be almost the same, but the melanoidin components with stronger affinity to the Cu column were found to be smaller in Kd.

Their electrofocusing profiles were similar, and the electrofocused bands were categorized into four major groups with pi 2.5–4.0. Major chelating activity of the melanoidin components was due to a band of pI 2.7 on the electrofocusing.     

Exogenous orthophosphate regulation of ATPase activity of E. coli cells]

The effect of exogenous orthophosphate and mutations in genes, regulating the Pi transport system, on the ATPase activity of E. coli subcellular fractions was studied. It was shown that the orthophosphate starvation resulted in the cessation of the increase in the ATPase activity of membranes and was accompanied by the increase in the analogous activity of a soluble fraction at the expense of the derepression of alkaline phosphatase possessing this activity. The disturbance, resulted from the mutation of protein components participating in the specific binding and transport of orthophosphate, changed the ATPase activity of subcellular fractions: increased the ATPase activity of soluble fraction (independently of the presence of orthophosphate in medium), did not affect significantly the activity of membrane--bound ATPase in the presence of orthophosphate and decreased this activity in the absence of orthophosphate. The data obtained point to the fact that components, binding exogenous orthophosphate and transporting it into a cell, affect the rigidity of the ATPase bound E. coli cytoplasmic membrane. Mutations resulting in the defect in these components relax this bound and lead to the detection of ATPase proper in the periplasm.     

Immunochemical study of the antigenic structure of bacteria of genus Bordetella. IV. Fractionation of B. pertussis extracts and study of the immunochemical and biological properties of the isolated fractions]

Fractionation of an extract of pertussis microbes was carried out with the aid of gel-filtration on Sephadex G-100, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and preparative electrophoresis. Fractions differing in serological, immunogenic activity and the content of antigenic components were isolated. In using the method of gel-filtration of sefadex G-100 the greatest serological, immunogenic and histamine-sensitizing activity was possessed by the high-molecular fraction containing 8 of 11 antigenic components detected in the initial extract. The antigenic components were distributed into 5 fractions by the ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The greatest serological activity was possessed by fractions exiting from the column at the 0.01--0.04M interval of the phosphate buffer concentration. A method of preparative electrophoresis from the pertussis microbes extract was applied and two fractions were isolated from the anode and the cathode zones, each containing 4 antigenic components only, but possessing serological and immunogenic activity and having no histamine-sensitizing properties.     

Ability of Pseudomonas sp. to synthesize aminopeptidases in the presence of various carbon and nitrogen sources

A soil strain of Pseudomonas sp. is able to synthesize at least two aminopeptidases exhibiting high activity in the presence of Phe-beta-NA and Ala-beta-NA as substrates. Irrespective of the used substrate, total activity of studied enzymes was strongly related to concentrations of organic components (peptone, glutamic acid, glucose) in mineral media and was the higher, the higher the concentration. Tendency of changes in total activity was similar for alanyl- and phenylalanylaminopeptidase though their response to different concentrations of organic components was different. Specific activity measured in the presence of Phe-beta-NA and Ala-beta-NA as the substrates was not strictly dependent on increasing concentrations of organic components in the media. The highest specific activity of aminopeptidase was obtained in the presence of Phe-beta-NA as a substrate on the fifth day of culture in medium containing 1% glucose. The obtained results seem to indicate the inductive character of the studied aminopeptidases. On the other hand, however, they do not exclude other regulatory mechanisms of their synthesis, including catabolic repression.     

Influence of different F1-specific components of Yersinia pestis capsular antigen on cell-mediated immunity

The F1-specific components of Y. pestis capsular antigen, isolated by Baker's method, were shown to differ by their biological activity and the character of action on cell-mediated immunity factors, used in this study. Depending on the method of isolation, antigens could vary in the proportion of their components, which determined the specific features of the total preparations obtained in this investigation. Out of the four components under study having the same antigenic specificity, but different physico-chemical characteristics and genetically determined synthesis, only one component exhibited biological properties dominating in the secreted form of F1, more similar in their composition to protein Caf1. The other three components exhibited immunological activity on the level of unspecific protection in different ways, depending on the model, and influencing the outcome of the interaction "bacteria-macrophage". Lectin-like hemagglutinating and hemolyzing activity was shown by components not related to protein Caf1. The multi-component character of preparations F1 (Baker) and the individual activity of their components should be taken into consideration when using capsular antigen and different methods of its isolation for different aims.     

Effect of protoplasting on antibiotic activity and resistance in the strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus 155]

The influence of protoplasting and protoplast regeneration in the presence of polyethylene glycol on antibiotic activity, components of antibiotic complexes and antibiotic resistance in Streptomyces hygroscopicus 155 was studied. It was shown that the protoplasting and protoplast regeneration influenced the antibiotic activity. The protoplast fusion resulted in increased isolation of variants with higher antibiotic activity. The processes also affected the components of the antibiotic complexes but had no effect on the strain resistance to some antibiotics.