竹红菌甲素引起红细胞膜蛋白的光敏交联

为了探讨竹红菌甲素对红细胞膜蛋白的光敏交联机理,我们使用了一些专一性及非专一性的基团修饰剂来修饰膜蛋白,试图说明膜蛋白的光敏交联究竟是由膜蛋白的巯基光氧化所引起的,还是膜蛋白的氨基酸与其侧链氨基之间的交联所引起的。我们分别采用N-乙基顺丁烯二酰抱亚胺(NEM)修饰膜蛋白的巯基,用N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)来修饰色氨酸残基,用乙氧甲酸酐(DEP)修饰组氨酸残基,及用琥珀酸酐(SA)修饰氨基。测定了红细胞膜修饰前后及有竹红菌甲素存在时,光照前后的膜蛋白巯基及膜氨基的变化,膜蛋白内源性荧光的变化,以及对膜蛋白形成交联的影响。结果表明:NEM、DEP和NBS修饰的膜, 在有甲素存在时,光照对巯基影响很小,而对SA修饰的膜有明显的光敏作用。甲素对膜蛋白氨基的影响小于巯基,仅降低含量20%。甲素光照能引起NEM和SA修饰的膜内源荧光下降。甲素对NEM处理的膜仍能引起交联,但SA处理过的膜能抗交联,说明氨基在膜蛋白光敏交联中起着重要的作用。     

新型光敏剂分子二乙醇胺基竹红菌乙素光诱导HeLa细胞死亡中的氧化应激研究

二乙醇胺基竹红菌乙素(2-ethanolamino-2-demethoxy-17-ethanolimino-hypocrellin B,EAHB)是一种新型的可吸收600 nm以上红光的竹红菌乙素衍生物。本文研究了二乙醇胺基竹红菌乙素-光动力诱导HeLa细胞死亡的效果及其氧化应激机制。结果发现,红光诱导后,MTT法检测到二乙醇胺基竹红菌乙素-光动力作用使HeLa细胞的存活率显著降低,且存活率与光敏剂浓度和光照剂量成反比;二乙醇胺基竹红菌乙素-光动力诱导HeLa细胞内产生活性氧自由基;同时,胞内超氧化物歧化酶和还原型谷胱甘肽水平显著降低,细胞脂质过氧化标志分子丙二醛显著升高,并检测到细胞质膜损伤标志分子乳酸脱氢酶的渗出显著增加。研究结果说明新型光敏剂二乙醇胺基竹红菌乙素可有效光诱导肿瘤细胞死亡,而细胞内氧化应激反应可能是二乙醇胺基竹红菌乙素光诱导肿瘤细胞死亡的重要作用机制。     

竹红菌甲素对红细胞膜和几种磷脂脂质体膜的流动性的光敏损伤

本文以荧光探针为手段,通过测量膜偏振度的变化,探讨了竹红菌甲素光敏作用对红细胞膜和几种磷脂脂质体膜的流动性的损伤。结果表明,甲素光敏作用使不同种类的磷脂(DPPC,DPPC/DPPE,红细胞膜磷脂)脂质体的流动性增加,其对光敏作用的敏感程度为红细胞膜磷脂脂质体显著小于DPPC/DPPE脂质体及DPPC脂质体。对红细胞膜来说,甲素光敏作用使其流动性呈现先降低而后增加的现象。去除膜上的spectrin以及用胰蛋白酶处理可使这种流动性变化的幅度受到抑制。据此,我们认为,膜磷脂,膜蛋白对甲素光敏作用中膜流动性的变化有着不同的影响,膜蛋白,特别是spectrin,是其中极重要的因素。     

竹红菌乙素敏化的人红细胞膜结构光损伤的Raman光谱特征

采用Raman光谱从分子水平揭示了竹红菌乙素光敏损伤的人红细胞膜发生膜蛋白交联和膜脂脂质过氧化导致其功能变化 ;膜流动性和离子通透性增加的本质是竹红菌乙素产生的活性氧 ( ¹O₂ ,O₂ ^-·和·OH等 )破坏了红细胞膜的有序结构 ,使膜蛋白主链结构的α 螺旋、β 折叠明显减少 ,无规卷曲增加并使其侧链结构的巯基基团、吲哚环、对羟苯基环、单基取代苯基环等也明显减少 .与此同时 ,随着光照时间的增加 ,膜脂的反式构象呈先增加后减少的趋势 ,它的扭曲构象则正好相反 .膜蛋白和膜脂构象不灵敏的CH₂ 和CH₃弯曲振动谱线的明显下降 ,揭示它们有链的断裂 .     

竹红菌素及其衍生物对脂质体空间结构的微观光敏损伤的Raman光谱特征

竹红菌素及其衍生物对DPPC脂质体空间结构的微观光敏损伤的Raman光谱特征是明显的 :该脂质体反式构象减少 ,扭曲构象增加表明链内纵向有序度降低 .与此同时其链间侧向相互作用序参数也有不同程度的减少 ,它们的侧向堆积已变得松弛 .经比较 ,对该脂质体空间结构的损伤 5 Br 竹红菌乙素强于竹红菌甲素和竹红菌乙素 .     

几种不同条件下竹红菌甲素的光谱特性

本文报道了不同浓度竹红菌甲素的吸收光谱.甲素在不同比例的二甲基亚砜与HEPES溶液中的荧光光谱,试验了甲素与几种生物物质的结合,说明脂溶性的甲素能与类脂很好的结合,甲素光照后对红细胞膜的损伤大于白蛋白和色氨酸,说明生物膜是甲素光敏作用较好的靶.     

新型光敏化剂——竹红菌甲素的抑瘤作用

 利用竹红菌甲素并结合其光敏特性进行了动物体内的抑瘤试验。发现患瘤局部表皮涂布竹红菌甲素软膏或局部皮下注射或腹腔注射甲素花生油溶液、并经光照致敏后能使小鼠S-180实体肉瘤生长减缓,甚至有个别消退。同时利用细胞培养法和~3H标记化合物参入法进行了甲素抑瘤作用的定量分析。发现作用时间固定时(光照40分钟后继续培养3小时),大于12.5ng/ml浓度的甲素能明显抑制~3H-TdR、~3H-UR和~3H-Leu对S-180肉瘤细胞的参入速率;剂量与抑制率呈正相关。据此结果求出甲素对S-180肉瘤细胞的有效抑制浓度(LD(50))为40ng/ml。光照组与无光照组差异有显著性。用Ebrlich腹水癌细胞为研究体系也得到了类似的试验结果。实验结果提示竹红菌甲素具有明显的抑瘤作用,这种作用与其光敏特性有关。     

竹红菌甲素在脂质体中的光谱性质和结合能力研究

竹红菌甲素在脂质体中的光谱性质和结合能力研究邹伟,安静仪,蒋丽金（中国科学院北京感光化学研究所,１００１０１）关键词竹红菌甲素;光谱特性;结合;脂质体竹红菌甲素（Ｒ人）是一种新型并配类光疗药物,临床上治疗一些皮肤病效果显著”’,研究表明ＨＡ对癌细胞有...     

竹红菌甲素对红细胞膜内脂双层的微扰

本文以荧光探针为手段,以人红细胞膜为材料,测量了膜偏振度的改变,荧光探针能量转移,荧光峰的蓝移和甲素激发峰的分裂。结果表明在有竹红菌甲素存在时,红细胞膜偏振度增加,探针荧光强度减小,荧光峰蓝移。甲素浓度增加时,上述现象更加明显,即它们之间有正的相关关系。同时,甲素激发光谱的a带发生分裂。据此,我们认为甲素对红细胞膜内脂双层产生明显微扰,甲素与红细胞膜间存在着相互作用。在甲素浓度较大时,它主要是渗入到红细胞膜脂双层的深层部位(膜脂肪酸链的12—16位)。     

竹红菌甲素-脂质体的制备及其特性

利用反相蒸发技术制备了竹红茵甲素脂质体体系,测定了其光谱和稳定性,结果表明:在该体系中,竹红菌甲素的Ⅰ吸收峰、荧光峰均出现红移且有荧光增强效应。竹红菌甲素-脂质体(浓度0.05～0.5mg/ml)在4℃下存放2-3d,光密度下降5％左右。     

用稳态荧光探针研究竹红菌乙素光敏损伤对人红细胞膜流动性的影响

本文以红细胞膜为材料,用了三种稳态荧光探针研究了HB光敏作用引起人红细胞膜流动性的改变.实验结果表明在HB光敏作用下,膜的旋转扩散速度和侧向扩散速度均发生明显变化,ANS和DPH探针测得HB引起膜流动性降低,也就是膜粘度增加,用芘探针结果则表明膜的侧向扩散变慢.本文还对HB光敏作用的机理进行了探讨,我们观察了数种单重态氧猝灭剂,羟自山基猝灭剂和抗氧化剂对于光敏作用的影响,分别测定了膜流动性和膜的内源荧光的变化,发现在HB光敏作用中,除了~1O_2的作用之外,还存在其它自由基的作用.在HB与HA光敏能力的比较中发现,在比较高一些浓度条件下,存在着HB大于HA的趋向.     

竹红菌乙素对人红细胞Na~+-K~+ATPase和钠通透性光敏损伤的研究

本文用NMR和生化方法研究了竹红菌乙素对人红细胞膜Na~+-K~+ATPase和钠通透性的光敏损伤。结果表明:在通常情况下,可同时观察到乙素对Na~+-K~+ATPase和钠通透性的光敏损伤。比较乙素、甲素、原卟啉和胆红素对上述两项指标的光敏能力,发现乙素对Na~+-K~+ATPase损伤能力与甲素和原卟啉相当,比胆红素大,对钠通透性的损伤大于其它几种敏化剂。实验指出,Na~+-K~+ATPase活力下降比钠通透性增加敏感。在乙素光敏作用时,加入Vit E可基术上保持胞内钠离子浓度不变,但无法使Na~+-K~+ATPase活力不损伤,这表明膜磷脂的结构完整对保持胞内钠浓度比较重要。对照试验指出乙素可使Na~+-K~+ATPase暗失活,这可能是经乙素介导的,由膜还原物质向氧的电子传递生成活性氧自由基攻击靶分子所致。     

New long-wavelength perylenequinones: synthesis and phototoxicity of hypocrellin B derivatives

Five new derivatives of hypocrellin B were obtained from the reactions of hypocrellin B with ammonia and ethanolamine. Their photophysical and photochemical properties were investigated. The phototoxicity of one compound on AH cells irradiated with red light (lambda = 600-700 nm) was also studied. Their significantly enhanced red absorptivities at wavelengths longer than 600 nm and singlet oxygen-generating function qualify them as promising photodynamic therapy agents.     

亚硒酸钠抗红细胞膜蛋白交联作用的机理探讨

邻苯二酚氧化处理人红细胞膜会导致膜蛋白交联,产生高分子聚合物(HMP)。用N—乙基马来酰胺(NEM)封闭膜蛋白硫基,则不产生HMP。预先用Na SeO_3(0.05mol/L)处理红细胞膜,也同样不产生HMP。用N—(3-芘)马来酰胺(N-〔3-P〕NEM)标记红细胞膜来测试不同浓度Na_2SeO_3对荧光强度的影响。结果表明,随着Na SeO_3浓度增高荧光强度相应降低。Na_2SeO_3对红细胞膜的预处理时间和荧光强度的变化有关。经Na SeO_3处理的红细胞膜ESR谱提示了Na_2SeO_3与材相互作用有关。用荧光法测定膜结合硒含量表明,Na_2SeO_3处理红细胞膜可导致膜结合硒含量增高。推测,Na SeO_3很可能与膜蛋白疏基作用形成结合硒,从而起到抗膜蛋白交联作用。     

Raman spectroscopic study of space structure of membrane proteins and membrane lipids in photodamaged human erythrocyte sensitized by hypocrellin B

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Interaction of Clostridium perfringens theta-haemolysin, a contaminant of commercial phospholipase C, with erythrocyte ghost membranes and lipid dispersions. A morphological study.

Commercially available preparations of phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens are commonly contaminated with theta haemolysin, one of a group of bacterial haemolysins called oxygen labile (O-labile) haemolysins. Treatment of erythrocyte ghosts and a mixed lipid dispersion containing cholesterol with commercially available phospholipase C in the absence of Ca-2+ and the presence of phosphate buffer and/or EDTA resulted in the formation and release of ring or arc-shaped structures. Highly purified phospholipase C, free of theta-haemolysin, produced no changes in the morphology of erythrocyte ghosts or lipid dispersions in the presence of phosphate or EDTA, but caused the formation of typical diglyceride droplets in the presence of Ca-2+ in the absence of these inhibitors. Ring structures, identical to those caused by commercial phospholipase C, were formed on addition of highly purified theta-haemolysin to erythrocyte ghost membranes, lipid dispersions containing cholesterol and cholesterol dispersions, but not on treatment of membranes from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Heat-inactivated O-haemolysin (60 degrees C for 10 min) produced no such effects. The dimensions of rings and arcs displayed heterogeneity. The outside diameters in various preparations varied from approx. 27-58 nm with border thickness of 4.1-7.8 nm.     

The response of Na+/K+ -ATPase of human erythrocytes to green laser light treatment

The objective of this study was to investigate the response of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase of human erythrocytes to green laser irradiation. Effects of green laser light of fluences 9.5-63.3 J.cm(-2) and merocyanine 540-mediated laser light treatment were studied. Isolated erythrocyte membranes (protein concentration of 1 mg/ml) were irradiated by Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, 30 mW) and then incubated in a medium with 2 mM ATP for 30 min. Activity of ATPase was determined colorimetrically by measuring the colored reaction product of liberated inorganic phosphate and malachite green at 640 nm. Contribution of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase to overall phosphate production was determined using ouabain. A positive effect of green laser light on Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity was observed. The dependence of enzymatically liberated inorganic phosphate on light fluence showed a linear correlation (R(2)=0.96, P=0.0005) for all fluences applied (9.5-63.3 J.cm(-2)). On the other hand, MC 540-mediated phototreatment caused a suppression of enzyme activity.     

A calcium-activated polyphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase in the plasma membrane of human and rabbit erythrocytes.

Haemoglobin-free human erythrocyte ghosts that were prepared in the presence of EDTA and were then exposed to Ca2+ showed a substantial loss of phosphatidylinositol phosphate and phosphatidylinositol diphosphate, measured either chemically or by loss of 32P from the lipids of prelabelled membranes. At the same time there was, as reported previously (Allan, D. and Michell, R.H., (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 455, 824--830), and approximately equivalent rise in the diacylglycerol content of the membranes. Analysis of the 32P-labelled water-soluble material released during this process showed that the major products were inositol diphosphate and inositol triphosphate. No change was seen in the phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidate content of the membranes, and there was no Ca2+-activated loss of 32P from the phosphatidate of prelabelled membranes: this suggests that Ca2+ did not activate phosphoinositide phosphomonoesterases or phosphatidate phosphomonoesterase in human erythrocyte membranes. It is concluded that human erythrocyte membranes contain at their cytoplasmic surface a Ca2+-activated phosphodiesterase that is active against both phosphatidylinositol phosphate and phosphatidylinositol diphosphate. Rabbit erythrocytes also contained this enzyme, but in these cells there was also evidence for the presence of a Ca2+-activated phosphatidate phosphomonoesterase.     

Damage to the erythrocyte membrane caused by chlorophenoxyacetic herbicides

We studied the damage caused to erythrocyte membranes by chlorophenoxyacetic herbicides. An increase in haemolysis was observed. The compounds investigated caused lipid bilayer damage by lipid peroxidation, as well as an increase in membrane fluidity at the 16th carbon atom of fatty acids was observed. Metabolites caused damage to membrane proteins - the free SH group content was increased. Higher toxicity of metabolites compared to basic compounds was observed.     

Antennapedia/HS1 chimeric phosphotyrosyl peptide: conformational properties, binding capability to c-Fgr SH2 domain and cell permeability.

With the aim of interfering with the signaling pathways mediated by the SH2 domains of Src-like tyrosine kinases, we synthesized a tyrosyl-phospho decapeptide, corresponding to the sequence 392-401 of HS1 protein, which inhibits the secondary phosphorylation of HS1 protein catalyzed by the Src-like kinases c-Fgr or Lyn. This phospho-peptide was modified to enter cells by coupling to the third helix of Antennapedia homeodomain, which is able to translocate across cell membranes. Here we present CD and fluorescence studies on the conformational behavior in membrane-mimicking environments and on lipid interactions of Antennapedia fragment and its chimeric phosphorylated and unphosphorylated derivatives. These studies evidenced that electrostatic rather than amphiphilic interactions determine the peptide adsorption on lipids. Experiments performed with recombinant protein containing the SH2 domain of c-Fgr fused with GST and with isolated erythrocyte membranes demonstrated that the presence of the N-terminal Antennapedia fragment only slightly affects the binding of the phospho-HS1 peptide to the SH2 domain. In fact, it has been shown that in isolated erythrocyte membranes, both phospho-HS1 peptide and its chimeric derivative greatly affect either the SH2-mediated recruitment of the c-Fgr to the transmembrane protein band 3 and the following phosphorylation of the protein catalyzed by the Src-like kinase c-Fgr. The ability of the chimeric phospho-peptide to enter cells has been demonstrated by confocal microscopy analysis.