简述蔬菜污染的防控方法

蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,其安全问题一直广受世界各国的关注。近年来蔬菜污染问题比较严重,蔬菜被污染后产生的有害物质,会影响消费者的身体健康,甚至威胁消费者的生命安全。因此,如何对蔬菜污染问题进行防控,是现实生活中迫切需要研究和解决的问题。本文简单介绍了蔬菜生产过程中主要污染情况,以及预防和控制这些污染的方法。     

城市生活污水处理中微生物技术的应用

在城市化进程持续加快的背景下，生态环境污染问题长期得不到妥善的解决，尤其是城市生活用水污染问题，严重影响了城市居民的生活质量和用水安全。在众多城市生活污水处理技术中，微生物技术凭借处理效率高、使用能耗低、对生态环境破坏小等优点得到了广泛应用。故文章针对微生物技术进行分析，并论述了微生物技术在城市生活污水处理中的应用，以期为城市生活污水处理提供参考。     

环境生物技术

为了满足日益增长的人口对保持清洁的土壤、空气和水环境的需要 ,环境生物技术正日益受到重视。在把生物技术广泛应用于制药产业的同时 ,人们也把注意力转向环境保护 ,如提供绿色化学用的新颖生物催化剂和生物材料以及农业生物技术等 ,ＴｒｅｎｄｉｎＢｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ 2 0 0 0年 18卷第 3期中对环境生物技术的研究内容和发展方向作了介绍。环境保护人们的生活、生产离不开能源 ,而矿物能源的利用造成对环境的污染 ;同样 ,生活中产生出各种各样废弃物 ;化学杀虫剂的使用也会造成对环境的污染。如何减少上述污染的出现 ,研究人员采…     

蝌蚪（Bufo bufo andrewsi）血红细胞微核和核异常监测水质污染的研究

滇池是云南高原最大的淡水湖,是昆明地区工农业生产及人民生活用水的水源,又是昆明市的重要风景区。近年来,滇池水质污染,越来越引起人们的关注。昆明市的工业废水和生活污水经大观河等流入滇池,其中有毒有害物质多达30多种,包括镉、汞、砷、铅、铬、氟、有机磷、氰化物等。其中砷(Léonard et al., 1980;Katsuhiko,     

浅谈酿造用水对啤酒酿造的影响

啤酒作为人们生活餐桌、节日庆典、朋友聚会的必备饮品之一,已经成为我们生活中饮品的一部分。啤酒中大部分成分是水,水的质量直接影响啤酒的品质和风味,世界许多知名啤酒生产企业对啤酒酿造用水都有严格的要求,因此,啤酒酿造用水也被业内人士成为"啤酒的血液"。本文从啤酒酿造用水选取入手,来探究啤酒酿造用水对啤酒酿造的影响。     

基于果品质量安全的林业果树种植技术探讨

随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对于果品质量的要求也越来越高。果品的安全质量也影响着人们的生活质量,而且,近年来由于"绿色食品"概念的推广,虽然农药与化肥会促进果树的生长,能够使果品避免虫害,但是果品中的残留农药会危害人们的身体健康,甚至会使人们中毒,所以,现代人一般都不喜欢使用过农药化肥的果蔬。此外,现在我国的环境污染状况日益加剧,也一定程度的给果品造成了污染,这些问题都必须得到妥善处理。     

绿色食品与普通食品有何区别?

问 :绿色食品与普通食品有何区别 ?答 :绿色食品是无污染的安全、优质和营养类食品的总称。食品所受污染主要有 :工业“三废”污染农田、水源和大气 ;大量化肥和农药的使用 ;食品加工中不适当地使用合成色素、化学添加剂等。这些因素造成化学物质在食品中积聚 ,严重威胁人们的身体健康。1 989年农业部研究制定农业经济与社会发展“八五规划”和2 0 0 0年设想时 ,认为开发无公害污染的食品是一项推动农业经济发展、满足人民需要、治理环境污染的战略措施。由于与环境保护有关的事物都冠之以“绿色”的称号 ,因而将无公害污染的食品定名为“绿…     

抗真菌肽研究进展

有害真菌已造成植物真菌病害、食物污染和人类真菌感染等问题,给人们的生活和生产带来极大危害,且其逐渐增加对抗真菌药物的耐药性,导致真菌防治日益困难.传统的合成类抗真菌药物具有药物残留和毒副作用,已不能满足需求,作为生物机体天然防御分子的抗真菌肽已成为应对真菌危害及耐药性的重要研究对象.抗真菌肽能够抑制有害真菌,具有高效、...     

浅谈食品安全与微生物检验

随着人们生活水平的提升,使得人们对自身的生活水平质量的重视程度也在不断地提升,食品质量安全的问题作为影响其生活质量的重要因素,已倍受社会和人们关注。微生物对食品所造成的污染,已成为世界各国重要的问题之一,因此,对食品进行微生物检验是确保食品质量安全的主要手段。     

净化空气的能手——吊兰

随着人们生活水平的提高,家居装修也逐渐上了一个档次。品目繁多的新型建材、家用电器已经走进了寻常百姓家。但与此同时,化学、物理和生物污染也被带进了家门,其中以化学污染最为严重。如现已检测出室内有500多种有机化学物质,其中20多种有致癌或致突变作用。而最主要的有毒有害气体是甲醛、苯及苯系物等挥发性有机气体及氨气和氡气。这些隐藏于各个角落的污染,时刻威胁着人体的健康。为了消除形形色色的污染,人们首选的应是植物。美国科学家威廉.沃维尔曾经测试了几十种植物对化学复合物的吸收能力,结果发现有50余种绿色植物都能有效地降…     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.