维吾尔族结肠癌患者肠道菌群的分布情况研究

目的:检测新疆维吾尔族结肠癌人群肠道菌群结构,探讨维吾尔族结肠癌患者肠道菌群结构差异,以求找到肠内与结肠癌有关系的菌群。方法:使用16Sr DNA-PCR-DGGE技术对维吾尔族结肠癌患者肠道菌群分布情况制作肠道菌群指纹图谱,从图谱中的条带进行切胶回收、进行克隆、测序,与Genebank数据库提供的序列进行比对做树状图分析,对新疆维吾尔族结肠癌患者肠道细菌种群多样性进行探讨。结果:通过实验得到了维吾尔族结肠癌患者肠道菌群结构特征的DNA指纹图谱、基因序列及树状图。测序结果显示,维吾尔族结肠癌患者肠道菌群中主要分布乳酸杆菌属,拟杆菌属和梭杆菌属以及很多差异性细菌的分布情况。从维吾尔族结肠癌患者肠道菌群的分布情况来看,优势菌乳酸杆菌量甚少,拟杆菌属,梭杆菌属数量较多。结论:肠道乳酸杆菌优势菌量的减少及拟杆菌属,梭杆菌属比例的改变可能与结肠癌患者发病有一定的关系。     

DGGE和RFLP方法分析桑粒肩天牛幼虫肠道微生物多样性

昆虫是一个复杂的微生态系统,这些微生物对宿主发育,营养物质的消化吸收和防御方面起着重要的作用。利用DGGE和RFLP指纹图谱的方法初步研究桑粒肩天牛幼虫肠道微生态系统。对肠道微生物16S rDNA V3区进行DGGE分离,得到24个不同位置的条带。DGGE图谱亦显示了肠道微生物的季节变化,夏季较冬季菌群丰富。各月DNA样品混合并扩增16S rDNA全长序列,构建16S rDNA克隆文库。用Msp I、Rsa I对文库中175个随机阳性克隆的质粒DNA进行限制性酶切。酶切图谱聚类分析结果显示175个克隆被归为60个不同的类群,这一结果显示桑粒肩天牛幼虫肠道微生物非常丰富。因此,这2种方法都能有效的反应肠道微生物多样性状况,且RFLP比DGGE具有更好的分辨率。结合使用这2种方法,初步反应了桑天牛肠道微生物多样性信息。     

PCR-DGGE法在慢性胃炎病人舌苔菌群结构研究中的应用

在早间未刷牙和进食的情况下,刮取胃炎病人与正常人舌苔,去除杂质,分离菌体,采用酚/氯仿法抽提细菌基因组DNA,并对其中16S rDNA V3可变区进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)测定.用Bionumerics软件对DGGE分子指纹图谱进行舌苔菌群结构相似性分析.实验结果表明,采用该方法成功地扩增出16S rDNA V3区片段,为230 bp.DGGE分子指纹图谱结果表明,正常人的舌苔菌群最高相似性为0.74,胃炎病人的舌苔菌群的最高相似性为0.52,正常人的舌苔菌群与胃炎病人的舌苔菌群相似性最高为0.38,即胃炎病人舌苔菌群结构发生了变化.     

新疆哈萨克族正常血压人群和高血压人群肠道菌群中拟杆菌属、梭菌属结构特征分析

目的分析新疆哈萨克族正常血压人群和高血压人群肠道菌群中拟杆菌属、梭菌属的结构特征,探讨两人群肠道两菌属的差异。方法使用16S DNA-PCR-DGGE技术比较哈萨克族正常血压人群和高血压人群肠道菌群中两菌属结构的差异,将差异条带克隆、测序,与GenBank数据库提供的序列进行比对,确定细菌种类。结果哈萨克族高血压人群肠道梭菌属的16S DNA V3区DGGE图谱中出现一条优势带,其在2组人群中出现的频率经分析后差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。基因序列在GenBank数据库上用Blast程序进行比对,确定为Uncul-tured bacterium clone nbw1009b01c1。结论这种细菌可能会影响哈萨克族高血压的发生和发展。     

摄食不同饵料草鱼肠道菌群PCR-DGGE指纹图谱构建及分子鉴定

采用免培养的16S rDNA梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)对摄食不同饵料(非膨化饲料组、膨化饲料组和蚕豆组)的草鱼肠道内容物细菌分析建立指纹图谱,并对主要优势条带进行了切胶克隆和测序。PCR-DGGE指纹图谱初步分析发现,非膨化饲料组、膨化饲料组和蚕豆组分别产生了19条、16条和15条可以鉴别的条带,且均有2-3条优势菌条带;非膨化饲料组样品和蚕豆组样品的DGGE指纹图谱的相似性系数为53.6%,非膨化饲料组菌群和膨化饲料组的相似性为39.4%。对PCR-DGGE指纹图谱主要条带进一步回收、克隆和测序,结果共得到25条序列,将所得到的序列在NCBI数据库中同源性分析,发现草鱼肠道内容物细菌群落主要为弧菌科、肠杆菌科和气单胞菌属细菌,其中包括14条不可培养细菌。     

高尿酸血症鹌鹑肠道菌群结构分析

目的探讨高尿酸血症鹌鹑肠道菌群结构变化特点,为高尿酸血症病理机制研究提供参考。方法将迪法克鹌鹑随机分为两组:正常组和模型组,正常组喂饲正常饲料,模型组喂饲高嘌呤饲料; PCR-DGGE法构建两组鹌鹑盲肠内容物菌群DNA指纹图谱,对图谱进行数字化处理,聚类分析法比较两组鹌鹑肠道菌群结构整体差异,logistic回归法辨别差异条带,克隆和鉴定差异条带序列; HE染色观察盲肠组织结构变化。结果造模第28天,模型组鹌鹑与正常组比较,血尿酸显著升高、肠道菌群整体结构发生变化,DGGE指纹图谱上12条差异条带,序列鉴定归属于拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门;盲肠组织出现炎性变化。结论高嘌呤饮食诱导的高尿酸血症鹌鹑肠道菌群结构发生改变。     

替吉奥对BALB/c小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的应用PCR-DGGE方法研究抗癌剂替吉奥对肠道菌群的影响。方法取BALB／c小鼠10只,灌服替吉奥（441mg／kg）7d。应用PCR—DGGE方法获得肠道菌群分子指纹图谱,进行相似性、多样性分析及优势条带的序列分析。结果实验0d与实验7d的小鼠肠道菌群结构差异存在统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论替吉奥能够杀灭肠道中的有益菌,促使致病菌过度生长,导致肠道菌群严重失调。     

茶多酚的提取及其对抗生素所致肠道菌群失衡的调整和预防作用

为评价茶多酚对抗生素所致小鼠肠道菌群失衡的调整和预防作用,采用ZnCl2沉淀,乙酸乙酯萃取法提取茶多酚,HPLC检测提取效果;将BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照、失调模型、预防和治疗组,定期留取粪便,以自主改进法提取粪便细菌基因组总DNA,PCR-DGGE获得肠道菌群分子指纹图谱,进行相似性、多样性及主要差异条带序列的分析。结果表明提取茶多酚中有效成分EGCG的含量为42.67%;改进的溶菌酶法可有效对粪便细菌总DNA进行提取并保证下游分析顺利开展;DGGE分析显示治疗组和预防组电泳条带与正常对照组比较差异较小(P0.05),提示茶多酚对抗生素所致肠道菌群失衡具有一定的调整和预防作用,预防效果更佳。     

砂仁对抗生素所致肠道菌群失调小鼠调节作用的探讨

【摘要】 目的 通过建立抗生素诱导小鼠肠道菌群失调模型,应用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术分析小鼠肠道菌群失调前后经服用中药砂仁调理后肠道菌群指纹图谱的变化。方法 选用10只昆明种小鼠,正常培养7 d,适应环境后每天取粪便1次,连续3 d;菌群稳定后按100 mg/kg的头孢拉啶灌胃,每天灌胃2次,连续5 d,每天取粪便1次;上述小鼠随机分为两个组,自然恢复组(饲喂基础饲料)和砂仁处理组,每组5只。3 d后每天取粪便1次,连续3 d,提取细菌总DNA,以16S rRNA基因V3区通用引物扩增,对扩增的PCR产物进行DGGE电泳及指纹图谱分析并切胶测序比对。结果 抗生素处理后小鼠肠道菌群与正常小鼠差异有统计学意义,致病菌增加,砂仁处理组小鼠与正常小鼠的肠道菌群指纹图谱有很大的相似性,但与自然恢复组差异有统计学意义。结论 抗生素可导致小鼠肠道菌群失调,而中药砂仁对肠道菌群失调有明显的恢复作用。     

三种粪便总DNA提取方法的比较

目的比较不同粪便总DNA提取方法对肠道菌群多样性研究的影响。方法采用Bead beating法、化学裂解法和QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit提取同一份人粪便样品的总DNA,对比3种方法的DNA得率和16S rRNA基因V3区的变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）图谱。结果Bead beating法的DNA得率约是其他2种方法的2倍;3种方法得到的DGGE图谱的Dice相似性为60％～70％,2条优势条带只出现在Bead beating法图谱中。在2～5min的Bead beating法击打时间里,DNA得率随击打时间的延长有一定的增加,但DGGE图谱无显著变化。结论不同的DNA提取方法会影响菌群的多样性分析。比较其他2种方法,Bead beating的裂解效率更高,能够检测到更多种类的细菌,更合适肠道菌群组成的分子研究。     

应用PCR-DGGE技术分析BKS-2型糖尿病模型小鼠盲肠内容物微生物菌群结构

通过对BKS-DB 2型糖尿病小鼠盲肠内容物微生物群落结构的分析,探讨基因突变模型鼠肠道微生物群落与糖尿病发生的相关性。提取BKS-DB 2型糖尿病小鼠与同窝对照小鼠盲肠内容物细菌总DNA,PCR扩增16S rRNA基因V3区,DGGE方法检测扩增产物,并挑选特异条带测序,对图谱作UPGAMA聚类分析,运用SPSS软件分析多样性。结果显示,UPGAMA聚类分析表明,对照组样本之间相似度0.66-0.91,糖尿病组样本之间相似度0.61-0.88,两组之间最高相似度为0.51。特异性条带测序后经比对与Parabacteroides菌属亲缘关系最近。SPSS统计分析糖尿病组和健康对照组小鼠的DGGE条带数、多样性指数(H’)、丰富度(R)和优势度(D)的差异性显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖尿病组小鼠与对照组小鼠的盲肠内容物微生物群落多样性存在差异,糖尿病对肠道微生物的多样性有影响。     

Phylogenetic analysis of intestinal bacteria in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

AIMS: To identify the dominant intestinal bacteria in the Chinese mitten crab, and to investigate the differences in the intestinal bacteria between pond-raised and wild crabs. METHODS AND RESULTS: The diversity of intestinal bacteria in the Chinese mitten crabs was investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting, 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis and real-time quantitative PCR. The principal component analysis of DGGE profiles indicated that substantial intersubject variations existed in intestinal bacteria in pond-raised crab. The sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that 90-95% of the phylotypes in the clone libraries were affiliated with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Some genera were identified as unique in wild crabs and in pond-raised crabs, whereas Bacteroidetes was found to be common in all sampled crab groups. Real-time quantitative PCR indicated that the abundance of Bacteroides and the total bacterial load were approximately four-to-10 times higher in pond-raised crabs than in wild crabs. A significant portion of the phylotypes shared low similarity with previously sequenced organisms, indicating that the bacteria in the gut of Chinese mitten crabs are yet to be described. CONCLUSIONS: The intestinal bacteria of pond-raised crabs showed higher intersubject variation, total diversity and abundance than that observed in wild crabs. The high proportion of the clones of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in the clone library is an indication that these bacteria may be the dominant population in the gut of the Chinese mitten crab. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study demonstrated obvious differences in the intestinal bacterial composition of pond-raised crabs and wild crabs. This knowledge will increase our understanding of the effects of aquaculture operations on bacterial community composition in the crab gut and provide necessary data for the development of probiotic products for crab cultivation.     

贡嘎蝠蛾幼虫肠道细菌多样性分析

[目的]对实验室养殖条件下的重要经济昆虫冬虫夏草寄主-贡嘎蝠蛾(Hepialus gonggaensis,Hg)幼虫肠道微生物群落的多样性进行了研究.[方法]采用常规分离培养与分子鉴定的方法和基于16S rRNA作为分子标记的变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)的方法.[结果]用常规分离与分子鉴定方法获得8个属的细菌类群,其中肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)是优势菌群,肉食杆菌属(Carnobacterium)是次优势菌群.对通过DGGE方法得到的11条16S rRNA优势条带序列进行了比对和系统进化树分析,结果表明肉食杆菌属(Carnobacterium)的丰度最高,是肠道细菌中主要的优势菌群,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)是次优势菌群.DGGE图谱还显示Hg幼虫不同虫龄肠道细菌菌群的结构存在差异,推测可能与其发育生理状态的差异有关系.[结论]结合常规分离法与DGGE法能够更有效的分析肠道微生物的多样性,获得更多更全面的微生物多样性信息.     

Comparison of the Gut Microbe Profiles and Numbers Between Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Healthy Individuals

Human liver was closely associated with gut through various biological mechanisms, such as bacterium-gut interactions. Alterations of gut microbiota seemed to play an important role in induction and promotion of liver damage progression. The aim of this study was to characterize the gut microbiota in liver cirrhosis patients and assess whether there are alterations in the diversity and similarity of intestinal flora in cirrhotic patients when compared with healthy individuals. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with universal primers targeting V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was employed to characterize the overall intestinal microbiota composition, and some excised gel bands were cloned for sequencing. Real-time PCR was further utilized to quantitatively analyze the subpopulation of microbiota using group-specific primers targeting the Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium genus. The DGGE profiles of two groups demonstrated significant differences between cirrhotic and healthy groups (P?相似文献   

PCR-DGGE技术在农田土壤微生物多样性研究中的应用

变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)在微生物生态学领域有着广泛的应用。研究采用化学裂解法直接提取出不同农田土壤微生物基因组DNA,并以此基因组DNA为模板,选择特异性引物F357GC和R515对16S rRNA基因的V3区进行扩增,长约230bp的PCR产物经变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)进行分离后,得到不同数目且分离效果较好的电泳条带。结果说明,DGGE能够对土壤样品中的不同微生物的16S rRNA基因的V3区的DNA扩增片断进行分离,为这些DNA片断的定性和鉴定提供了条件。与传统的平板培养方法相比,变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术能够更精确的反映出土壤微生物多样性,它是一种有效的微生物多样性研究技术。     

Molecular monitoring of the intestinal flora by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography

Gut flora analysis is hampered by the complexity of the intestinal microbiota and by inherent limitations of culture-based approaches. Therefore, culture-independent molecular methods based upon 16S rRNA gene analysis were applied successfully for the analysis of complex microbial communities. However, generally accepted and validated profiling methods such as denaturing and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE/TGGE) are still laborious and time consuming. Thus, we adapted the separation of amplified bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) using the WAVE Microbial Analysis System as a rapid and convenient means to display complex intestinal bacterial communities and to monitor changes in the gut flora. The separation of 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from reference strains representing main gut bacterial populations and from human stool samples revealed that DHPLC analysis effectively detects bacterial groups predominant in the human gut flora. The investigation of faecal samples from hospitalized patients before, during and after antibiotic therapy showed that PCR-based DHPLC can be used to monitor gut flora changes. Results from DHPLC analysis were comparable with DGGE profiles generated from the same samples, demonstrating that the adapted DHPLC protocol is well suited for the analysis of complex microbial communities.     

新疆阿克苏地区盐碱地细菌类群多样性及优势菌群分析

【目的】研究新疆阿克苏地区盐碱土样中细菌类群多样性和优势种群,及其与环境因子的相关性。【方法】采用基于16S rDNA的变性梯度凝胶电泳(Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)、克隆测序和典型相关性分析(CCA)的方法。【结果】优势菌群序列分析表明有29个序列属于未培养的微生物,其他43个序列分属细菌的9个目:粘球菌目(Myxococcales)、假单胞菌目(Pseudomonadales)、根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)、芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales)、伯克氏菌目(Burkholderiales)、放线菌目(Actinomycetales)、海洋螺菌目(Oceanospirillales)、黄杆菌目(Flavobacteriales)、交替单胞菌目(Alteromonadales),21个属。【结论】新疆阿克苏地区土壤中的微生物丰富度非常高,存在大量的细菌类群,优势菌群不尽相同,盐碱土样中微生物群落结构与环境因子是密切相关的。     

哈尔滨城市和乡村青年居民肠道菌群多样性研究

【目的】分析居住于哈尔滨城市和乡村的青年居民肠道菌群多样性的异同。【方法】采用PCR和DGGE技术相结合的方法对生活于哈尔滨城市和乡村的青年志愿者肠道菌群多样性进行研究。基于DGGE指纹图谱,分别使用聚类和PCA分析对志愿者肠道微生物相似性进行分析,使用Shannon-Weine多样性指数(H′)、丰度(S)和均匀度(EH)对志愿者肠道微生物多样性进行分析,对图谱中具有代表性的共性和特异性条带进行胶回收和克隆测序以分析志愿者肠道微生物组成。基于PCR技术在种水平上对城乡志愿者肠道内乳杆菌属和双歧杆菌属多样性进行定性分析。【结果】相似性分析显示,城乡青年居民间肠道微生物群落结构存在分开趋势,相似性小于城市或乡村青年居民内部;多样性分析显示,城乡青年居民肠道微生物多样性差异不显著;测序结果表明,城乡居民肠道微生物组成在门水平上相同,但是在种属水平上存在差异。PCR定性分析显示Lactobacillus plantarum、L.casei和L.salivarius在哈尔滨城乡青年居民肠道内检出率接近100%,Bifidobacterium longum和B.breve的检测率约90%,在哈尔滨城乡青年居民肠道内普遍存在;乳杆菌属和双歧杆菌属各细菌种在城乡居民肠道中的检出频率差异不显著。【结论】哈尔滨城市和乡村青年居民肠道微生物多样性差异不显著。     

Microbial diversity of intestinal contents and mucus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

AIMS: The aim of this study was to understand the microbial community of intestinal contents and mucosal layer in the intestine of rainbow trout by means of culture-dependent conventional and independent molecular techniques. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-one culturable microbial phylotypes, and 39 sequences from 16S rRNA and two from 18S rRNA genes, were retrieved. Aeromonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae representatives were the dominant cultured bacteria. Genomic DNA isolated from intestinal contents and mucus was used to generate 104 random clones, which were grouped into 32 phylotypes at 99% minimum similarity, most of which were affiliated with Proteobacteria (>70% of the total). However, unlike library C (intestinal contents), the phyla Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria were not found in intestinal mucus (library M), indicating that the microbiota in the gut mucus was different from that of the intestinal contents. Twelve sequences were retrieved from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, and dominant bands were mostly related to Clostridium. CONCLUSIONS: Many novel sequences that have not been previously recognized as part of the intestinal flora of rainbow trout were retrieved. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The fish gut harbours a larger bacterial diversity than previously recognized, and the diversity of gut mucus is different from that of intestinal contents.     

Coamplification of Eukaryotic DNA with 16S rRNA Gene-Based PCR Primers: Possible Consequences for Population Fingerprinting of Complex Microbial Communities

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the specificity of three commonly used 16S rRNA gene-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sets for bacterial community analysis of samples contaminated with eukaryotic DNA. The specificity of primer sets targeting the V₃, V₃-V₅, and V₆-V₈ hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene was investigated in silico and by community fingerprinting of human and fish intestinal samples. Both in silico and PCR-based analysis revealed cross-reactivity of the V₃ and V₃-V₅ primers with the 18S rRNA gene of human and sturgeon. The consequences of this primer anomaly were illustrated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling of microbial communities in human feces and mixed gut of Siberian sturgeon. DGGE profiling indicated that the cross-reactivity of 16S rRNA gene primers with nontarget eukaryotic DNA might lead to an overestimation of bacterial biodiversity. This study has confirmed previous sporadic indications in literature indicating that several commonly applied 16S rRNA gene primer sets lack specificity toward bacteria in the presence of eukaryotic DNA. The phenomenon of cross-reactivity is a potential source of systematic error in all biodiversity studies where no subsequent analysis of individual community amplicons by cloning and sequencing is performed.