神经脊来源许旺细胞的体外培养研究

目的:探讨坐骨神经中神经脊来源的许旺细胞所占的比率。方法:将Wnt1-Cre+/-与Rosa-EGFP+/-小鼠杂交,获取Wnt1/EGFP小鼠,其所有起源于神经脊的细胞都有EGFP蛋白表达。取其坐骨神经,经过消化分离纯化,获得许旺细胞。进行抗GFP免疫荧光染色和流式分析的检测。结果:根据P1代许旺细胞的形态学观察,其纯度约为60%。抗GFP免疫荧光染色显示,并非所有的许旺细胞均呈阳性。P3代许旺细胞的纯度约为99%,流式细胞术分析显示约65%左右的GFP阳性率。结论:小鼠坐骨神经中的许旺细胞在体外培养提纯后,神经脊起源的许旺细胞占总许旺细胞的比例约为65%。     

体外培养过程中许旺细胞S100表达规律研究

目的：目前研究发现,周围神经中许旺细胞的标志物有很多,S100是其中之一。S100在体内表达的变化规律已有比较深入的研究,但是其在体外培养的许旺细胞的表达规律尚不清楚。因此,本课题研究小鼠许旺细胞在体外培养过程中S100蛋白的表达变化规律。方法：取新生（出生5-7 d）C57BL/6小鼠的坐骨神经,酶消化分离获取细胞后,培养纯化扩增3次。用S100免疫荧光法及RT-PCR技术研究许旺细胞在体外培养过程中S100的表达规律。结果：从坐骨神经消化所得到的许旺细胞,早期并不都表达S100,阳性率约为43.48%,随着培养时间延长（培养8天）,所有许旺细胞均表达S100,能够达到阳性率95.66%。结论：体外培养的许旺细胞,其标志物S100阳性率表达随培养时间延长而增加。并且我们发现,S100并不能作为一个可靠的标志物来单独应用鉴定体外培养早期的许旺细胞。     

g-HA/PLA复合材料的细胞反应和血液相容性研究

将表面改性后的羟基磷灰石颗粒同聚乳酸复合得到新型复合材料可望用于骨替代领域, 本文旨在研究此种复合材料的血液相容性和细胞反应. 将L-乳酸低聚物接枝到羟基磷灰石表面, 得到接枝羟基磷灰石颗粒. 之后, 将g-HA颗粒同PLA进行共混获得g-HA/PLA复合材料. 先前研究表明, 由于提高了聚合物基体和HA颗粒之间的界面黏附力, 这些材料的拉伸性能得到了明显提高. 为进一步考察这些材料在骨修复及其他整形外科方面的潜在应用, 进行了一系列体内和体外实验来测试其细胞反应及血液相容性. 体外实验表明, g-HA/PLA复合材料有利于L-929细胞的生长. 复合材料的溶血率低于纯PLA. 皮下植入实验表明, g-HA/PLA复合材料的软组织反应比较合适. 以上结果提示, g-HA/PLA复合材料是一种安全的材料, 有望用于组织工程研究.     

利用脱细胞血管基质体外构建小口径组织工程血管

目的探讨利用犬的间充质干细胞诱导分化种子细胞,以异种脱细胞血管基质为基础体外构建小口径血管移植物。方法采用密度梯度离心和贴壁培养的方法从犬骨髓中分离出间充质干细胞并体外培养,诱导分化成内皮样细胞和平滑肌样细胞;采用非离子型去垢剂和胰蛋白酶去除猪颈动脉血管壁结构细胞,对脱细胞基质进行组织学、力学检测及孔隙率评估。在生物反应器内采用旋转种植的方法将犬骨髓间充质干细胞诱导的内皮样细胞种植到脱细胞基质上,体外构建小口径组织工程血管。结果犬的骨髓间充质干细胞体外能够定向诱导分化为平滑肌样细胞和内皮样细胞,可以作为血管组织工程的种子细胞。经过脱细胞处理后,光镜和电镜观察证实血管壁的细胞成分完全去除。具有良好的孔径和孔隙率。支架在生物力学、孔隙率等方面符合构建组织工程血管支架的要求。在生物反应器内剪切力条件下可以初步构建出组织工程血管。结论小口径血管移植物可以将间充质干细胞诱导种子细胞,以异种脱细胞血管支架作为基质,在搏动性生物反应器内培养的方法进行构建。     

脐带间充质干细胞诱导分化为类许旺细胞的实验研究

目的:探讨通过化学诱导的方法,诱导脐带间充质干细胞分化为类许旺细胞,为组织工程神经寻找一种新的种子细胞来源。方法:通过酶消化法,分离获得原代脐带间充质干细胞。体外培养至第3代(P3),以1×103/cm2接种于培养瓶中,待细胞长至亚融合状态,吸弃培养液,加入含β-巯基乙醇的培养液预诱导24 h。然后,加入含有全反式维甲酸的培养液进一步诱导72 h。最后,加入含有胶质细胞生长因子的培养液,作用两周。对诱导后的脐带间充质干细胞用免疫荧光及RT-PCR法,进行形态观察和表型鉴定。结果:经过上述诱导过程,脐带间充质干细胞的形态,由开始时的扁平、片状、多极,类似成纤维细胞状,逐渐变为长梭形,双极或三极,类似许旺细胞。同时,表达许旺细胞特异性标志S-100、P75;而且S100,P75的m RNA水平也明显上调,并且可以观测到GFAP的m RNA条带。结论:化学诱导法,可以将脐带间充质干细胞诱导分化为类许旺细胞,有望为组织工程神经提供一种新的许旺细胞来源。     

雪旺氏细胞与同种异体骨支架的体外共培养研究

目的:探讨雪旺细胞(Schwann’s cells,SCs)在同种异体骨支架上的生物相容性,体外构建组织工程骨神经化模型。方法:利用新鲜人体骨骼制备同种异体骨支架材料,检测其物理性能;采用优化方法提取新生SD大鼠坐骨、臂丛神经培养SCs,实验分为三维培养实验组(SCs+同种异体骨)、二维培养对照组(SCs+胶原玻片),S-100抗体免疫荧光染色鉴定SCs纯度;细胞计数法检测两组细胞增殖特点;细胞接种后第3、7天取样,扫描电镜观察。结果:同种异体骨支架具有良好的三维孔隙结构,适宜细胞贴附生长;S-100免疫荧光染色证实SCs纯度95%;扫描电镜检测显示两组SCs均可正常粘附增殖,细胞间排布规律相似,培养早期实验组SCs胞体更加细长,伪足更加明显,随着培养时间的延长表现出较强的迁移能力;细胞增殖检测:两组SCs生长曲线特征基本一致,支架材料对SCs无毒性作用。结论:同种异体骨支架SCs具有良好的生物相容性,其三维立体多孔结构有利于SCs的粘附与迁移,初步构建了体外组织工程骨神经化模型。     

PGS支架的合成、特性及在生物医学中应用的研究进展

聚癸二酸甘油酯(PGS)是一种生物可降解的高分子聚合弹性体,因其良好的性能,在许多生物医学研究中应用广泛。PGS支架的机械性能与机体软组织相似,依从性好,降解时以表面侵蚀的方式降解,不伴有膨胀或变形,周围组织炎症反应、纤维变性轻,与多种细胞相容性好。基于PGS良好的性能,主要应用于软组织替代和软组织工程,比如心肌、血管、神经、软骨、视网膜、鼓膜,另外也有用于药物转运载体、组织粘附材料的研究。     

丝纤维支架材料的制备技术及其应用研究进展

丝纤维特别是丝素蛋白和蜘蛛丝蛋白作为具有良好生物相容性的高分了生物材料在组织工程和生物医学领域里有着广泛的应用。本文阐述了近年来在组织工程研究中所涉及的利用丝纤维进行支架材料制备、细胞培养和体内植入检测手段等方面的研究概况。     

软骨基质来源定向结构支架复合软骨细胞体外构建组织工程软骨的研究

目的：探讨采用软骨细胞外基质材料制备的定向结构软骨支架复合软骨细胞,在体外静态培养条件下生成组织工程软骨的可能性。方法：制备牛关节软骨细胞外基质材料,利用温度梯度热诱导相分离技术构建具备垂直定向孔道结构的软骨支架,同时采用传统冷冻干燥方法制备非定向支架,检测两组支架的力学性能;提取兔关节软骨细胞,分别接种两组支架,体外静态培养2周及4周后取材,对构建的组织工程软骨进行组织切片染色、生物化学分析及生物力学检测。结果：定向软骨支架的压缩弹性模量数值明显高于非定向软骨支架,体外培养时定向支架上种子细胞在3-9d内增殖高于非定向支架,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;体外静态培养4周后形成的两组新生组织工程软骨进行软骨特异性染色均呈阳性,在定向组新生软骨切片中在垂直方向上可见大量呈规则平行排列的粗大胶原纤维,两组新生软骨的生物化学检测包括总DNA、总GAG及总胶原含量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。定向组织工程软骨压缩弹性模量在2周及4周时均高于非定向组织工程软骨,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。但两组组织工程软骨上述指标均显著低于正常关节软骨（P〈0．05）。结论：软骨细胞外基质材料制备的定向结构软骨支架复合软骨细胞,在体外静态培养条件下能够成功生成具有定向纤维结构的组织工程软骨,并可以有效促进新生软骨组织力学性能的提升,在软骨组织工程中具有良好的应用前景。     

Ⅰ型胶原/聚己内酯/凹凸棒石复合支架材料体外诱导成骨的研究

目的:研究Ⅰ型胶原(ColⅠ)/聚己内酯(PCL)/凹凸棒石(ATP)复合支架材料的生物相容性及体外骨诱导性。方法:采用溶液浇铸-粒子滤沥法制备三种不同ATP含量(0% wt、10% wt、30% wt)的ColⅠ/PCL/ATP复合支架材料;将D1细胞与三种支架材料共培养,扫描电镜、鬼笔环肽和H&E染色、CCK-8法评价支架材料的生物相容性;D1细胞复合三种支架材料培养7天、14天、21天后RT-qPCR检测其成骨相关基因(Runx-2、Osterix、ALP、Col I、OPN、OC)的相对表达量,分别评价比较三种支架材料的成骨诱导效应。结果:SEM、鬼笔环肽和H&E染色显示D1细胞在三种支架材料表面均呈现良好的黏附;CCK-8结果显示,细胞在ATP含量30% wt的支架材料上增殖率显著高于其他两组,RT-qPCR检测结果显示,与0% wt、10% wt ATP相比,30% wt ATP组的Runx-2相对表达量在7天时显著升高, 14天、21天降低;ALP相对表达量在14天时显著升高,21天时显著降低;Osterix、Col I、OPN、OC的相对表达量随时间和ATP剂量的增加显著上调(P<0.05)。结论:ColⅠ/PCL/ATP复合支架材料具有良好的生物相容性及骨诱导性,有望成为一种理想的骨组织工程支架材料。     

Synthesis of Sulfatide by Cultured Rat Schwann Cells

Abstract: The ³⁵S sulfolipids synthesized by purified cultures of rat Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and a rat cell line (RN2) were studied. Schwann cell ³⁵S sulfolipids were almost entirely [³⁵S]sulfatide, as shown by TLC in two different solvent systems with unlabeled authentic sulfatide run in the same track. RN2 and fibroblasts did not synthesize significant amounts of sulfatide, by the same criteria. Previous studies failed to detect any characteristic myelin components, including sulfatide, on Schwann cells after several days in culture (Brockes et al., 1980a; Mirsky et at., 1980). My results show that Schwann cells continue to synthesize some sulfatide in the absence of neurons.     

Effect of Sorbinil and Ascorbic Acid on myo-Inositol Transport in Cultured Rat Schwann Cells Exposed to Elevated Extracellular Glucose

Abstract: The effect of long-term (2 weeks) exposure to 0–50 m M glucose and 0–1 m M sorbitol on myo -inositol metabolism was studied in cultured rat Schwann cells. Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of sorbinil and ascorbic acid on myo -inositol uptake in rat Schwann cells cultured in the presence of increased extracellular glucose or sorbitol. myo -Inositol uptake and its incorporation into phospholipids decreased significantly when cells were grown in ≥30 m M glucose for a period of 2 weeks. This inhibitory effect was partly blocked by sorbinil, an aldose reductase inhibitor, in a dose-dependent fashion. Significant prevention was achieved with 0.5 and 1 m M sorbinil. Ascorbic acid also prevented the reduction in myo -inositol uptake due to excess extracellular glucose, at 3 and 30 µ M concentrations, but not at 300 µ M . Neither sorbinil nor ascorbic acid could prevent the alterations in myo -inositol transport in cells exposed to high sorbitol levels for the same period of time. These data suggest that glucose-induced alteration of myo -inositol transport in Schwann cells is mediated, at least in part, via sorbitol accumulation. This myo -inositol transport impairment is prevented by sorbinil and also by ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid may hold a fresh promise for the treatment/prevention of diabetic neuropathy/complications, at least as an adjunct therapy along with known aldose reductase inhibitors.     

Demonstration of 2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3'-Phosphohydrolase in Cultured Human Schwann Cells

Abstract: Schwann cell cultures were established from adult human sural nerve biopsies. 2'3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNPase) activity was estimated in the homogenates of those cells by a sensitive isotope assay using [³H]2',3'-cyclic AMP as substrate. A high level of CNPase activity was observed in cultured Schwann cells, whereas cultured human muscle and skin fibroblasts contained negligible levels of CNPase activity. CNPase of human Schwann cells followed typical enzyme-substrate kinetics, with an apparent K _m of 1.6 m M for 2',3'-cyclic AMP, and the enzyme was stimulated by detergents such as Triton X-100 and deoxycholate. It was inhibited by p -chloromercuricbenzoate and 2'-AMP. These properties are typical of CNPase isolated from adult brain and spinal cord. CNPase can serve as a new biochemical marker of normal cultured human Schwann cells and can be useful in analyzing the properties of cultured Schwann cells from patients with dysschwannian neuropathies.     

腹膜间皮细胞与聚羟基乙酸的细胞相容性研究

目的：研究腹膜间皮细胞（Peritoneal mesothelial cell,PMC）与可吸收生物材料聚羟基乙酸（Polyglycolicacids,PGA）的相容性,为组织工程化尿道的构建奠定基础。方法：采用酶消化法,从SD大鼠腹腔中分离出PMC,常规传代,取第2代细胞与PGA混合培养,形成细胞-生物材料复合物。每两天换液1次,观察细胞形态和黏附生长状况。体外培养1周后,行扫描电镜观察和RT-PCR检测。结果：复合物体外培养1周后,PMC能成功黏附在PGA支架上,并分泌大量细胞外基质。RT-PCR提示CK-AE1/AE3和Vimentin均呈阳性表达,PMC表型未发生改变。结论：PMC与PGA有良好的细胞相容性,PGA可作为组织工程化腹膜样组织的支架材料。     

Identification of G Protein Subtypes in Peripheral Nerve and Cultured Schwann Cells

In this study, we investigated the expression of various G proteins in whole sciatic nerves, in myelin and nonmyelin fractions from these nerves, and in membranes of immortalized Schwann cells. In myelin, nonmyelin, and Schwann cell membranes we detected two 39-40-kDa pertussis toxin substrates that were resolved on separation on urea-gradient gels. Two cholera toxin substrates with apparent molecular masses of 42 and 47 kDa were present in nerve and brain myelin and in Schwann cell membranes. In these membranes, a third 45-kDa cholera toxin substrate, which displayed the highest labeling, was also present. Immunoblotting with specific antisera allowed the identification of G(o) alpha, Gi1 alpha, Gi2 alpha, Gi3 alpha, Gq/G11 alpha, and the two isoforms of Gs alpha in nerve homogenates, nerve, and brain myelin fractions. In Schwann cell membranes we identified G(o) alpha, Gi2 alpha, Gi3 alpha, and proteins from the Gq family, but no immunoreactivity toward anti-Gi1 alpha antiserum was detected. In these membranes, anti-Gs alpha antibody recognized the three cholera toxin substrates mentioned above, with the 45-kDa band displaying the highest immunoreactivity. Relative to sciatic nerve myelin, the Schwann cell membranes revealed a significantly higher expression of Gi3 alpha and the absence of Gi1 alpha. The different distribution of G proteins among the different nerve compartments might reflect the very specialized function of Schwann cells and myelin within the nerve.     

皮肤细胞复合改性聚乳酸构建组织工程皮肤

目的:探讨以改性聚乳酸为细胞外基质网架构建组织工程皮肤的可行性。方法:采用盐溶法制备机械性能得到部分改进的聚乳酸多孔泡沫网架,向改进的聚乳酸网架接种真皮成纤维细胞和表皮角质形成细胞,以普通聚乳酸支架作为对照,构建组织工程皮肤。体外培养一周,对网架进行形态学观察。主要观察指标:①一般形态观察②组织学观察。结果:复层组织工程皮肤在结构上与正常皮肤相似,具有真皮、表皮双层结构。改性聚乳酸网架上有双层细胞生长,生长的细胞与网架接触,并且在其表面形成较为明显而连续的细胞层。随着培养时间的延长,发生了一系列变化:表皮部分细胞层数逐渐增多,真皮部分细胞也逐渐增多,并向表皮层深入,位于表皮与网架之间。结论:双醛淀粉作为良好的增柔剂在改善聚乳酸网架的机械性能的同时,也具有良好的细胞相容性,不影响细胞的生长增殖和代谢,可以进一步用作组织工程皮肤的支架材料。     

Lipoic Acid Does Not Affect The Growth of Mycoplasma hominis Cells In Vitro

Mycoplasma hominis is associated with various infections, for which the treatment can be complex. Lipoic acid (LA) plays a role as a cofactor in eukaryotes, most Bacteria, and some Archea. Research of recent years has increasingly pointed to the therapeutic properties of exogenously supplemented LA. The present study was conducted on 40 strains of M. hominis cultured with the following LA concentrations: 1,200 μg/ml, 120 μg/ml, and 12 μg/ml. The bacterial colonies of each strain were counted and expressed as the number of colony-forming units/ml (CFU). The number of CFU in M. hominis strains obtained in the presence of LA was compared with the number of CFU in the strains grown in the media without LA. The obtained results indicated that the presence of LA in the medium did not affect the growth of M. hominis. The investigation of the influence of LA on the growth and survival of microbial cells not only allows for obtaining an answer to the question of whether LA has antimicrobial activity and, therefore, can be used as a drug supporting the treatment of patients infected with a given pathogenic microorganism. Such studies are also crucial for a better understanding of LA metabolism in the microbial cells, which is also important for the search for new antimicrobial drugs. This research is, therefore, an introduction to such further studies.