HAMINAEA TEMPLADOI, A NEW SPECIES OF CEPHALASPIDEAN OPISTHOBRANCH FROM THE ATLANTIC IBERIAN COAST

A new species of Haminaea from the Southern Iberian Peninsulais described. Haminaea templadoi is characterized by the presenceof a penis with an apical semispherical crest provided by tensmall transverse folds and a well developed lateral lobe. Theshell has a sculptured surface with growth lines crossed bysmall transverse folds. (Received 20 October 1990; accepted 24 January 1991)     

ANATOMY OF SOME INDO-PACIFIC ELYSIIDAE (OPISTHOBRANCHIA: SACOGLOSSA (=ASCOGLOSSA)), WITH A DISCUSSION OF THE GENERIC DIVISION AND PHYLOGENY

The Elysiidae is the largest family of Sacoglossa (=Ascoglossa)(Mollusca, Opisthobranchia). The Indo-Pacific fauna containsabout 65 species presently referred to the genus Elysia. Almostnothing is known about the internal anatomy of these animals.In the present study the internal anatomy, particularly thepharyngeal musculature, morphology of radularteeth, and reproductivesystems, of 12 Indo-Pacific elysiids is investigated. Also,the internal anatomy of the Mediterranean type species of thegenera Elysia and Thuridilla is described. On this basis, thevalidity of the genera Elysia, Thuridilla, Elysiella and Pattyclaya,is confirmed. Also, the genus Placobranchus is transferred tothe Elysiidae. phylogenetically important characters are identifiedand phylogenetic relationships within the family are discussed. (Received 10 April 1991; accepted 28 December 1991)     

A NEW SPECIES OF RUNCINELLA ODHNER, 1924 (GASTROPODA: OPISTHOBRANCHIA) FROM THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS

Runcinella thompsoni new species (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)is described on the basis of material collected in the GalapagosIslands. This new species differs from R. zelandica Odhner,1924, both in colour, reddish in the former, dark green withwhite freckles in the latter, and radular tooth morphology,mainly the first lateral teeth. The species is also comparedwith other red runcinids both from Atlantic and Pacific localities. (Received 28 October 1991; accepted 4 January 1993)     

A NEW SPECIES OF OXYCHILUS FROM THE LIGURIAN APENNINES (ITALY) (PULMONATA: ZONITIDAE)

A new species of Oxychilus Fitzinger from the Ligurian Apennines(Italy) is described. The new species is particularly characterizedby its penial complex which has a very slender proximal peniswith variable inner sculpture and a widened distal penis. Theproximal penis inner structure consists of a series of longitudinalpleats which may often be crenulated, undulated or fragmentedto form rows of papillae, providing new evidence to supportthe opinion that this is not a valid diagnostic character forseparating Oxychilus into the nominal subgenus and OrtiziusForcart. Consequently Ortizius is herein proposed as a juniorsynonym of Oxychilus s. str. (Received 5 July 1990; accepted 4 March 1991)     

AMNICOLA CALLOSA PAULUCCI, 1881, REDESCRIBED AND ASSIGNED TO ORIENTALINA RADOMAN, 1978, A GENUS NEW FOR THE ITALIAN FAUNA (GASTROPODA, PROSOBRANCHIA, HYDROBIIDAE)

Anatomical study of topotypes of Amnicola callosa Paulucci,1881 from Abruzzo (Central Italy) produced evidence that thespecies belongs to Orientalina Radoman, 1978, a genus previouslyonly known from the Balkan Peninsula. (Received 26 June 1991; accepted 20 August 1991)     

REVISION OF THE GENUS NAPAEUS ALBERS, 1850 (GASTROPODA PULMONATA: ENIDAE). THE PROBLEM OF NAPAEUS (NAPAEINUS) NANODES (SHUTTLEWORTH, 1852) AND DESCRIPTION OF FIVE NEW SPECIES FROM ITS CONCHOLOGICAL GROUP

With this paper we initiate a taxonomic review of the genusNapaeus from the Canary Islands, indicating the statisticalmethodology used therein. We discuss the taxonomic problem ofNapaeus (Napaeinus) nanodes (Shuttleworth, 1852), designateits lectotype and describe five new species: Napaeus (Napaeinus)doliolum Henríquez, Napaeus (Napaeinus) bechi Alonso& Ibáñez, Napaeus (Napaeus) taguluchensisHenríquez, Napaeus (Napaeus) pygmaeus Ibáñez& Alonso and Napaeus (Napaeus) tagamichensis Henríquez,the first two from Tenerife; and the other three from La Gomera.Furthermore, we discuss the general relationships of the genusand its two sub-genera, whose original diagnoses are deficient;because of this, we think that in the future a broad reviewof the subfamily Eninae will be necessary in order to clarifythe actual position of this subfamily in the Canary Islands. (Received 11 March 1991; accepted 22 September 1992)     

中国新记载的脉翅目昆虫-粉蛉科 Coniopterygidae Enderlein, 1905

粉蛉是脉翅目(Neuroptera)中最特殊的一科,身体和翅覆有白蜡质粉,故译成此名。翅脉简单,纵脉最多不过十条,近翅缘不分叉,横脉很少,前缘横脉不过二条,故和其他科的脉相回异。     

A NEW, STYGOBIONT, VALVATIFORM, HYDROBIID GASTROPOD FROM AUSTRIA (CAENOGASTROPODA: HYDROBIIDAE)

A new, stygobiont species of Hauffenia (Pollonera, 1898) fromnortheastern Austria is described. It has been previously misidentifiedas H. kerschneri (Zimmermann, 1930), but detailed anatomicalinvestigations indicate that it is a separate species. Distinguishingcharacters are the very reduced peg of the operculum, a hypobranchialgland, an anterior lobe of the digestive gland in 25% of thespecimens, and an upright penial stylet. Some animals were infestedwith sporocysts and rediae. (Received 13 September 1991; accepted 1 November 1991)     

THE MORPHOLOGY OF TOXOGLOSSAN GASTROPODS LACKING A RADULA, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES AND GENUS OF TURRIDAE

The morphology of some deep-sea Turridae lacking radulae wasstudied. The main features of their digestive system are theabsence of a radula sac, venom and salivary glands and the reductionor absence of a proboscis. A new genus Teretiopsis including3 new species and T. thaumastopsis (Dautzenberg and Fischer,1896) is described. On the basis of differences of the digestivesystem when compared with other turrids lacking radulae themonotypical subfamily Taraninae Casey, 1904 new status (typegenus Taranis Jeffreys, 1870) is considered. It is shown thatthe process of radula reduction has occurred independently indifferent phylogenetic lines of Toxoglossa—the subfamiliesDaphnellinae and Taraninae among Turridae and the family Terebridae. (Received 8 August 1988; accepted 20 December 1988)     

稀有属——刺毡蚧属在中国的发现和一新种记述(同翅目：蚧总科，毡蚧科)

刺毡蚧属Aculeococcus为Lepage氏于1941年所建立,直至目前只知一个属模种,且半世纪来未作形态重描,是一个世界有名的古老疑难属。Lepage当年发表时,未能确定科位,直至Ferris[1]氏在1957年取得一个标本加以研究后,由其第一龄若虫具有像实状体刺而判定应属毡蚧科Eriococcidae,以后Hoy[2]（1962：6）和Morrisons[3]（1966：3）等均沿其说,然而对其在科内的地位,文献中却从未触及。我们最近整理此科历年所存标本,发现一新种已在我国云南西双版纳地区存在,现将研究资料整理报道如下,模式标本保存于山西农业大学蚧虫标本室。1本届…     

ANATOMICAL STUDIES REVEAL NEW PHYLOGENETIC INTERPRETATIONS IN LISSACHATINA (PULMONATA: ACHATINIDAE)

This is essentially a preliminary report on the revision ofsubgenus Lissachatina of the African land snail family Achatinidae.It extends the conchological revisionary work of J.C. Bequaert(1950) along the complementary line of comparative anatomicalstudies of the reproductive tracts. This is directed towardthe goal of a better understanding of phylo-geny in this family.Species emphasized are Achatina albopicta E.A. Smith,1878; A.allisa Reeve, 1849; A. fulica Bowdich, 1822; A. loveridgei Clench& Archer, 1930; A. zanzibarica Bourguignat, 1879, and thenew species A. eleanorae. Relegated tosynonymy are A. albicansPfeiffer, 1851; A. delorioli Bonnet, 1864; and A. iredalei Preston,1910. Tangible anatomical characters separate subgenera Lissachatinaand Achatina. A. capelloi Furtado, 1886; A. craveni E.A. Smith,1881; and A. connollyi Preston, 1912 are transferred from Lissachatinato Achatina s.s. Other transfers are in progress. (Received 26 September 1994; accepted 25 November 1994)     

ALLOZYME SIMILARITY OF ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC SPECIES OF LITTORINA (GASTROPODA: LITTORINIDAE)

Four Littorina species from the Pacific (L. sitkana, L. brevicula,L. mandshurica, L. squalida) and four from the Atlantic (L.mariae, L. obtusata, L. saxatilis and L. littorea) were comparedelectrophoretically using 17 loci. Analysis of genetic identities showed that there were threegroups. The first group comprises L. sitkana, L. mariae, L.obtusata and L. saxatilis The second group consists of L. breviculaand L. mandshurica and the third one includes L. squalida andL. littorea. Our results support Reid's hypothesis of the originof Atlantic littorines from two Pacific ancestors. (Received 18 December 1991; accepted 30 March 1992)     

HAMINAEA EXIGUA (GASTROPODA, OPISTHOBRANCHIA), A NEW CEPHALASPID SPECIES FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA

A new species of the genus Haminaca has been found in samplesfrom the northern Adriatic Sea. The new species is very similarto H. orteai, but may be clearly distinguished by body size,the non-pigmented area around the eyes, number of leaves ofHancock's organ, number of ridges on the gizzard plates andby the morphology of male genital tract. A comparison and adiscussion of the values of the most significant characterswithin the genus Haminaca is provided herein. (Received 19 September 1991; accepted 28 February 1992)     

FEEDING A VOIDANCE OF TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS TO CONSPECIFIC AND NONSPECIFIC MATERIAL

In laboratory tests the terrestrial gastropods Arion fasciatus,Deroceras reticulatum, Arianta arbustorum and Bradybaena fruticumpreferred control leaf discs over discs treated with an aqueoussuspension of crushed conspecifics. The response to suspensionsof different species was weaker. The strength of the responseincreased with the concentration of the suspension. The suspension'seffect in deterring feeding was inactivated within 18 to 32hours. Hunger reduced normal responsiveness to conspecific fluids;the quality of the control food also affected the response.The results also imply that ranking among individuals is labile.Spraying lettucc with the suspension affected the dispersalof the animals only in early summer. The article discusses thebiological significance of the response and the use of substancesobtained from slugs and snails in the control of pest gastropods. (Received 21 March 1991; accepted 5 September 1991)     

ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHLOROPLAST RETENTION IN THE SACOGLOSSAN GASTROPOD ELYSIA TIMIDA

Elysia timida is a common and endemic inhabitant of shallowand very well lit waters in the Mediterranean. This sacoglossanslug retains functional symbiotic chloroplasts derived fromits algal food, Acetabularia acetabulum, although the chloroplastsare not transmitted in the spawn. After hatching and until day12, Elysia timida juveniles do not retain these chloroplastsin the digestive gland. However, newly hatched juveniles retainchloroplasts from Cladophora dalmatica. Development varies seasonallybetween direct (December to April) and lecithotrophic (October,November and May), and this variation may be an adaptation toseasonal calcification of the algal food Acetabularia acetabulum. (Received 12 February 1991; accepted 15 July 1992)     

THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF LAROCHEA FINLAY, 1927, AND INTRODUCTION OF A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES (GASTROPODA: SCISSURELLIDAE)

Species of the gastropod genus Larochea Finlay, 1927 are shownto be scissurellids without an anal shell slit or foramen. TheNew Zealand species, L. miranda Finlay, 1927 and L. secundaPowell, 1937, brood their young in the right subpallial cavityagainst a modified inner lip that is set well behind the aperturalplane. Larochea scitula n.sp. is based on shells from WanganellaBank, southern Norfolk Ridge. Larocheopsis n. gen. is introducedfor a minute species from off northern New Zealand that lacksa shell brood chamber. Larochea miranda and Larocheopsis amplexan.sp. are either gonochoristic with smaller males or consecutivehermaphrodites, while Larochea secunda and L. scitula are evidentlygonochoristic, having mature males and females of similar size. (Received 23 July 1992; accepted 10 December 1992)     

中国大叶蝉科一新记录属及五新种(同翅目：叶蝉总科)

中国大叶蝉科一新记录属及五新种（同翅目：叶蝉总科）蔡平,葛钟麟（浙江农业大学杭州３１００２９）（安徽农业大学合肥２３００３６）透大叶蝉属ＮａｎａｔｋａＹｏｕｎｇ,１９８６,隶属于同翅目（Ｈｏｍｏｐｔｅｒａ）叶蝉总科（Ｃｉｃａｄｅｌｌｏｉｄｅａ）大叶蝉...     

COCCULINIFORM LIMPETS (COCCULINIDAE AND PYROPELTIDAE) LIVING ON WHALE BONE IN THE DEEP SEA OFF CALIFORNIA

Cocculiniform limpets of the families Cocculinidae and Pyropeltidaeare here reported for the first time on whale bone in the deepsea. The new species and records of previously described speciesare from four whale-falls at bathyal depths on the continentalmargin off California, from Monterey Bay to the Catalina Basin.The family Cocculinidae is represented by the new species Cocculinacraigsmithi. With few exceptions, the previously known speciesof Cocculinidae are known from wood substrates. The family Pyropeltidaeis represented by three species: Pyropelta musaica McLean &Haszprunar, 1987, originally described from the Juan de Fucahydrothermal vents, Pyropelta corymba McLean & Haszprunar,1987, originally described from the hydrothermal vent habitatat the Guaymas Basin, and one new species, P. wakefieldi. Thetwo previously known species of Pyropelta have heretofore beenregarded as obligate members of the sulfide habitat of hydrothermalvents. Pyropelta species are the first gastropods known fromboth habitats. Like the hydrothermal-vent habitat, the newlyreported habitat on whale bone is also a sulfide-rich, reducingenvironment. (Received 20 January 1991; accepted 28 April 1992)     

Cytokinins from the tRNA of the Red Alga Porphyra perforata J. Ag.

Isopentenyladenosine and cis-zeatin riboside have been identifiedby GC-MS from the tRNA of a red alga Porphyra perforata. (Received March 12, 1991; Accepted December 7, 1991)     

THE EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY ON GROWTH RATE IN LIMICOLARIA FLAMMEA MULLER (PULMONATA: ACHATINIDAE)

Density effects on growth and sexual maturity in laboratory-keptLimicolaria flammea MÜller are described; high densityresults in low growth, higher mortality and a delay in sexualmaturity. (Received 9 April 1991; accepted 11 June 1991)