广西扶绥片段化栖息地中黑叶猴的食物选择

为了研究黑叶猴在片段化生境中的适应能力,2006年1～12月,采用焦点动物取样法和连续记录技术于每月初连续观察8 d,记录片段化栖息地中的一群黑叶猴觅食行为,同时采用样带法监测黑叶猴家域内食物可获得性的季节性变化。结果显示,黑叶猴以61种植物为食,月平均食物种类为21.8种。黑叶猴取食的食物部位中,嫩叶占比例最大,达55.8%,其次为果实的比例达12.4%,其他依次为成熟叶占12.1%,种子10.6%、花4.3%、芽2.7%和树皮2.4%。成熟叶的可获得性最大,可获得性指数在75%(2月)到100%(7～9月)之间;其次为嫩叶,可获得性指数在25%(11月)到94%(7月)之间,芽、花和果实等食物部位的可获得性指数在20%以下。取食各食物部位的时间与相应部位的可获得性指数间没有显著的相关关系(P>0.05)。月食物种类与生境中食物种数的可获得性间没有显著的相关关系(P>0.05)。因此,在片段化的栖息地中黑叶猴选择性地利用生境中的食物资源。     

广西扶绥黑叶猴的主要食源植物及其粗蛋白含量

食物的营养物质是影响动物食物选择的生态因子。研究动物食物的营养组成及其对野生动物取食的影响对野生动物的保护具有重要的参考意义。为了研究喀斯特环境中食物粗蛋白对黑叶猴食物选择的影响,2006年1月-12月在广西扶绥自然保护区, 采用焦点动物取样法和连续记录法研究了片断化栖息地中黑叶猴的觅食行为,同时采集黑叶猴取食部位样本共40种190份,用凯氏定氮法测量其粗蛋白含量。结果表明,黑叶猴取食的食物包括嫩叶、成熟叶、花、果和种子等部位;食源植物的生活型包括了乔木、灌木、藤本和草本。食物的平均粗蛋白含量为12.7%,有明显的季节性变化。4月份样品的月平均粗蛋白含量全年最高,高达19.1%,而最低在6月份,仅为5.4%。食物的粗蛋白含量在前半年和后半年之间没有显著的差异（z= -1.28,p= 0.20）,在雨季和旱季之间亦无差异（z= -1.22,p= 0.22）;不同食源植物部位的平均粗蛋白含量不同,嫩叶的年平均粗蛋白含量最高,为13.7%,其次是成熟叶和花,分别是13.0%和12.1%,果实最低,仅为9.6%;不同生活型的食源植物粗蛋白含量不同,藤本的粗蛋白含量最高,为 14.1%,草本的最低,仅为10.1%,乔木和灌木分别是11.3%。不同食源植物的取食时间与其粗蛋白含量没有显著的相关关系（p>0.05）,粗蛋白含量不是影响黑叶猴取食的主要因素。     

高黎贡山赧亢白眉长臂猿春季食物选择

2007年3月9日—4月28日,在高黎贡山赧亢跟踪观察白眉长臂猿(Hoolock hoolock)的春季食性及取食行为,将其行为分为食果、食果汁和食叶。采用瞬时扫描法记录白眉长臂猿的取食行为,取食的种类、部位和地点等。在其活动区域内,以取食树为中心设置20m×20m的利用样方和以随机方式设置同样大小的可利用样方各19个。在样方内收集与取食树及食物资源相关的6个因子的数据。统计食物种类和资源量、选择指数、取食点的选择性等。结果表明,赧亢白眉长臂猿春季取食的食物共10种,其中果实类植物3种,果汁类植物1种,嫩叶类植物6种。10种食物中,白眉长臂猿对印度木荷(Schima khasiana)的果实和缅甸木莲(Maglietia haokeri)的嫩叶呈弱选择,对其他8种食物资源均呈强选择。Mann-WhitneyU-检验结果表明,利用样方和可利用样方间的食物资源量及食物种类数均差异极显著,以利用样方的资源量大,每一样方食物种类较多。果实是赧亢白眉长臂猿春季的主要食物资源,而嫩叶是补充。呈强选择的食物并不一定是取食频次高的食物;反之,取食频次高的食物也不一定呈强选择。白眉长臂猿常选择易处理的果实和粗灰分含量少的嫩叶,且果实是它摄取水分的主要来源。白眉长臂猿通常选择食物资源和种类相对集中的区域取食,这可以减少动物因寻找食物所耗费的能量,同时获得多种食物,满足其生理对营养的需求。     

不同寄主植物对美国白蛾幼虫取食行为及解毒酶活性的影响

【目的】明确美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea对常见寄主植物的取食偏好,依据寄主植物中次生物质的含量及美国白蛾幼虫乙酰胆碱酯酶和解毒酶活性来探明美国白蛾对寄主植物的取食策略。【方法】以北京地区美国白蛾危害程度不同的8种植物(桑Morus alba、洋白蜡Fraxinus pennsylvanica、臭椿Ailanthus altissima、白榆Ulmus pumila、黑杨Populus nigra、垂柳Salix babylonica、西府海棠Malus micromalus和金银木Lonicera maackii)为寄主,通过室内饲养,测定美国白蛾4龄幼虫对不同寄主植物叶片的取食量、选择率及营养效应指标,划分其对寄主植物的取食偏好。对8种寄主植物中类黄酮、总酚、单宁含量以及取食不同寄主植物叶片的美国白蛾4龄幼虫体内乙酰胆碱酯酶和解毒酶活性进行测定。【结果】美国白蛾4龄幼虫对不同寄主植物具有选择差异,选择率大小则为洋白蜡和臭椿桑白榆西府海棠、垂柳和金银木黑杨。寄主植物叶片中类黄酮的含量与幼虫的取食量呈显著负相关(r=-0.657,P=0.017)。不同寄主植物对美国白蛾具有不同的营养效应。金银木饲喂组近似消化率(0.97%±0.01%)最高,相对取食量(2.92±0.49 g/g·d)也较高,但食物利用率(0.005%±0.01%)、食物转化率(0.005%±0.008%)和相对生长率(0.007±0.02 g/g·d)最低;西府海棠饲喂组相对生长率(0.34±0.04 g/g·d)最高,近似消化率(0.72%±0.10%)、食物利用率(0.16%±0.01%)、食物转化率(0.24%±0.06%)和相对取食量(2.19±0.38 g/g·d)均处于较高水平。取食不同寄主植物的美国白蛾幼虫乙酰胆碱酯酶(Ach E)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)、羧酸酯酶(Car E)和昆虫细胞色素P450(P450)的活性存在显著差异(P0.01)。【结论】美国白蛾幼虫对不同寄主植物存在取食选择和营养效应差异,幼虫灵活的取食策略以及解毒代谢调节能力可能是其适应不同寄主的主要原因。     

二点委夜蛾适应性与玉米苗营养物质和次生代谢物质含量的关系

【目的】二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone是夏玉米Zea mays苗期的一种新发害虫。本研究旨在测定不同品种玉米苗对二点委夜蛾幼虫的生物学和营养效应,揭示其发生与玉米品种的关系。【方法】二点委夜蛾3,4和5龄幼虫分别饲喂3种普通玉米(鲁单9032、先玉335、郑单958)和1种甜玉米(超甜6)苗,测定幼虫鲜重、干重、存活率、相对取食速率(RCR)、相对生长速率(RGR)、近似消化率(AD)、食物转化率(ECD)和食物利用率(ECI),分析这些指标与玉米苗中营养物质、蜡质和次生物质含量之间的关系。【结果】不同龄期的二点委夜蛾幼虫取食玉米苗的生物学和营养指标有较大差异。4种玉米苗的营养物质、蜡质和次生物质含量有显著差异。3龄幼虫取食鲁单9032和超甜6时相对取食速率、相对生长速率和近似消化率均较高,其存活率、鲜重、干重、相对取食速率、食物转化率与玉米苗可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关;相对生长速率与玉米苗蛋白质含量和氨基酸含量均呈显著正相关;存活率和相对取食速率与玉米苗总酚含量呈显著负相关;食物转化率与玉米苗单宁含量呈显著负相关。4龄幼虫取食先玉335时鲜重和干重最低,取食超甜6时近似消化率最高,取食郑单958时食物利用率最高,其鲜重、干重、相对取食速率和相对生长速率与玉米苗总酚含量呈显著负相关。5龄幼虫取食鲁单9032和先玉335时鲜重、干重和食物转化率较高,取食郑单958和超甜6时相对取食速率和近似消化率最高,取食先玉335的食物利用率最高,其相对生长速率与玉米苗蛋白质、氨基酸含量显著正相关。【结论】随着幼虫龄期的增加,二点委夜蛾在玉米上的适应性提高;二点委夜蛾幼虫对玉米的适应性与玉米叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和氨基酸含量呈正相关,与总酚和单宁含量呈负相关。     

七星瓢虫代饲料中水分的营养效应

我们以鲜猪肝匀浆、蜂蜜和蔗糖以5:1:1混合而成的代饲料来饲养七星瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata),代饲料的含水量在50%左右。这种代饲料加水稀释使含水量不同,用来饲养成虫,试验比较了代饲料含水量不同时对取食量、体重增加、产卵量、食物利用率和食物转化率的影响。结果表明当代饲料含水量增加到75%和85%时鲜代饲料的取食量比以未稀释的代饲料为食时增加一倍,特别在饲养试验开始的数天。所以代饲料中的水分似乎有助食作用。但以干重量计算时这种差异并不显著。以含水量较高的代饲料为食时体重增加百分率较高,但含水量为75%的比85%的好。羽化后取食含水量为75%代饲料的成虫其产卵率为60%,而取食含水量为50%和85%饲料的其产卵率为40%。平均产卵前期(N=20)以取食含水量85%的代饲料的成虫最短,约为16天;而取食含水量50%和85%的约为20天。代饲料含水量较高时食物利用率较高,但食物转化率却以取食含水量较低的代饲料较高。这种情况当饲养期延长到1个月时可发生逆转。     

贵州麻阳河黑叶猴秋季主要食物营养分析及对食物选择的影响

2009年9～11月,采集贵州麻阳河黑叶猴取食较多的23种主要食物及取食较少的14种非主要食物,用称重法、凯氏定氮法、酸碱洗涤法及范式洗涤法分析各独立样本的水分、粗蛋白、粗纤维和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的营养含量,计算相应的粗蛋白/酸性洗涤纤维(PROT/ADF)比值,并将所得到的各样本的营养含量与相应的秋季取食比例进行...     

漫话桑树

桑树是落叶乔木,桑科桑属,是我国重要的经济林木之一。我国有15个种和4个变种,是世界上桑树种类最多的国家。桑树最主要的经济价值就在于养蚕。蚕对饲料的营养要求很高,桑叶营养丰富,干叶中粗蛋白约为22%,粗脂肪约为6%,可溶性碳水化合物约为25%,粗纤维约为10%,其他钙、磷等含量也很高,是家蚕最合适的食物。蚕靠嗅觉和味觉来辨认气味,家蚕之所以只吃桑叶是人类长期选     

花粉和王浆对家蚕生长发育和结茧的影响

花粉和蜂王浆不仅营养丰富,而且含有多种生物活性物质,兼具营养强壮剂及促生长剂的特性。本试验基于花粉和王浆的这种特性,对家蚕进行花粉和蜂王浆的添食试验。结果表明,用0.1～2.5％的油菜蜂花粉提取液或0.01～0.1％蜂王浆浸渍桑叶喂饲3～5龄家蚕能显著提高蚕体重、结茧率、茧层率和受精率,也能提高茧层量和产卵量,但对全茧量无显著影响。二者相比,添食花粉更为可取。     

斑痣悬茧蜂寄生对甜菜夜蛾幼虫取食和食物利用的影响

为研究甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua幼虫被斑痣悬茧蜂Meteorus pulchricornis寄生后的取食以及食物利用情况,在室内采用重量法测定了甜菜夜蛾4龄幼虫被寄生后取食量、体重增加量、营养指标的变化。结果表明：被寄生甜菜夜蛾幼虫的取食量、生长率和食物利用效率等明显受到抑制,幼虫被寄生后第3-6 d 取食量显著小于未被寄生幼虫,寄生后第4 d 的幼虫取食量只有正常幼虫的29.89%,第5 d只有48.69%。幼虫在寄生后的第3-5 d体重增加量显著小于未被寄生幼虫,分别为正常幼虫的21.51%,38.87%和14.42%,相对生长率则也显著低于后者。被寄生甜菜夜蛾幼虫的营养利用表现也明显不同于未被寄生幼虫,反映生长和代谢效率的食物利用率（ECI）和食物转化率（ECD）均显著降低,而反映吸收效率的近似消化率（AD）则提高。虽然在寄生后第4 d出现了相反的现象,其原因可能在于第4 d取食量明显减少,而体重仍在增加。本研究表明,斑痣悬茧蜂寄生明显抑制寄主甜菜夜蛾幼虫的取食、食物利用效率和生长。     

Parasitization of fifth instar tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta, by the uzi fly, Blepharipa zebina; a host-parasitoid interaction and its effect on host's nutritional parameters and parasitoid development

The uzi fly, Blepharipa zebina, is a well-known larval endoparasitoid of the tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta. The present study dealt with the effect of the number of maggots developing per host on host nutritional parameters, parasitoid development and reproduction. Nutritional indices for ingestion, digestion, approximate digestibility, relative consumption rate, relative growth rate, and gain in body weight declined significantly with the increase in parasitoid burden, but the efficiency of conversion of digested food recorded a significant increase. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food remained little affected. The developmental period was significantly extended in larvae parasitized with 5 and 10 maggots per larva (mpl). Cocoon shell weight decreased by 27-63.5% in parasitized groups (1, 2, and 5 mpl) while larvae parasitized with 10 mpl could not spin cocoons. The maggot development period, recovery percentage, and fecundity of the uzi fly declined significantly with the increase in number of maggots developing per host.     

Bromatological characterization of mulberry cultivars, Morus spp., and determination of nutritional indexes of Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

The objective of this work was to assess, through consumption and utilization of natural food measurements, whether mulberry cultivars, Morus spp., could be recommended to rear the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., in a commercial scale. The mulberry cultivars Miura (standard), Korin and Tailandesa and the hybrids FM 3/3, FM 86, SK 1 and SK 4 were tested. Seventy five fifth-instar commercial hybrid larvae were individualized in gerbox? unities and maintained in a rearing room (25 ± 3oC and 80 ± 10% RH).The mulberry leaves of each of the five cultivars used to feed the silkworm larvae were submitted to bromatological analysis. The dry weight of larvae at the beginning and at the end of the fifth instar, the food consumed and the feces eliminated were recorded to determine the following indexes: relative consumption rate (RCR), relative metabolic rate (RMR), relative growth rate (RGR), approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), metabolic cost (MC). The bromatological composition analysis of mulberry leaf cultivars revealed that the hybrid SK 4 presented superior nutritional quality compared to the standard cultivar Miura, due to its higher content in crude protein and ethereal extract, and lower detergent fiber content. The hybrid SK 4 was the most adequate food to the silkworm larvae because it was ingested in small amounts, thus providing good digestibility to the larvae, low metabolic cost, good growth rate and one of the highest efficiencies in the conversion of the ingested food and ingested and digested in biomass.     

亚致死剂量阿维菌素对家蚕食物利用及中肠消化酶活性的影响

采用质量法和酶活力测定法研究了阿维菌素3种亚致死剂量（LC₅、LC₁₀和LC₂₀）处理对家蚕5 龄幼虫的食物利用及中肠3种消化酶活性的影响.结果表明：亚致死剂量阿维菌素处理对家蚕5龄幼虫的生长和食物利用有明显的抑制作用,体质量及其增加量、相对生长率均显著低于对照,同时伴随着取食量、相对取食量和排粪量减少,食物利用率和食物转化率显著降低,而近似消化率升高.阿维菌素处理的家蚕,其中肠淀粉酶和蔗糖酶活性前期受到抑制且持续时间较长,但随着幼虫的生长发育,逐渐恢复正常或高于对照;而海藻糖酶活性前期受抑制时间较短,随后活性迅速增强,并维持在与对照同一水平或高于对照.这些变化说明亚致死剂量阿维菌素对家蚕仍有一定的毒性,其程度随剂量的提高而增强,可导致家蚕消化系统紊乱,进而影响其生长发育和对食物的利用.     

Role of Challenger pesticide and plant extracts on some physiological parameters of the cotton leafworm,Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

Fourth instar larvae of cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), fed on castor bean leaves treated with sub-lethal concentrations of both alcohol and hexane extracts of Egyptian conyza and Challenger 36% SC insecticide as well to study their effects on mortality, food consumption and utilisation of food. The tested insecticides exhibited relatively high mortality in alcoholic extract of Egyptian conyza (5.0% concentration) followed by Challenger (1.0% concentration). Results showed a slight reduction in the consumption index for larvae treated with both alcoholic extract and Challenger at low concentrations, while hexane extract (5%) recorded significant increase. The approximate digestibility (AD) was reduced in all treatments of alcoholic extract and the relative growth rate insignificantly decreased at 5% concentration, whereas AD increased for larvae fed on Challenger 0.25% concentration. The lower concentration of alcoholic extract of conyza and all treatments of Challenger pesticides induced insignificant decrease in the efficiency of conversion of the ingested food, while hexane extract exhibited insignificant increase. Challenger at all tested concentrations achieved insignificant decrease in the efficiency of the conversion of digested food with respect to the control.     

粘虫高龄幼虫对转Bt基因玉米的消化和利用

在室内用重量法研究了粘虫Mythimna separata (Walker)高龄幼虫对转Bt基因玉米MON810和Bt11叶片的消化和利用,以明确Bt玉米对暴食期幼虫取食的影响。结果表明,在连续测定的5天中,取食MON810和Bt11两种Bt玉米叶片时,幼虫存活率和取食量均显著低于各自的对照组幼虫,取食Bt玉米叶片的幼虫体重呈下降趋势,第3 天时分别比第2 天减少12.2 mg 和7.4 mg,而取食对照玉米叶片时的幼虫日增重显著的高于处理组的幼虫,第3 天的日增重分别为100.4 mg 和119.9 mg。取食Bt玉米叶片的幼虫对食物的转化率(ECI和ECD)均为负值,在最初4 天的ECI和ECD都显著低于对照组幼虫,但取食两种非Bt玉米叶片的幼虫的近似消化率(AD) 随取食时间的延长而逐渐下降,取食第5 天分别为20.6 %和15.1 %;而取食MON810和Bt11叶片时幼虫的AD均显著地高于对照组幼虫。     

Silkworm Growth and Silk Yield on Selected Supplemented/ Un-supplemented Mulberry Varieties

ABSTRACT Sericulture has been on developing foot hills till today in Pakistan. It is for the past few years that this industry has received recognition through greater research on the nutritional aspects. Various experiments i.e., nutritional supplementation and searching alternate food plants have been on way with varying degree of success. The present approach includes the very much neglected aspect of trying mulberry varieties and working out their impact on the silkworm growth/ development and silk yield. In Pakistan three varieties of mulberry Morus alba, M. nigra and M. indica are commonly found, these were selected for the present studies and the already established mineral dose 0.2 %N +0.1%P+0.3%K+0.1%Ca+0.15%Mg+0.15%Mn was supplemented to them through dipping method. Amongst the so designed nine treatments those in which the silkworm larvae were fed on M. nigra leaves in any form /combinati-yielded best results, as the larvae in these treatments consumed more food (73.71 gm/10 larvae) and converted maximum (77.22%) of it into body matter. This improved silkworm growth, a primary parameter for increasing the over all production and resulted in better cocoon size which weighed heavier (2.43 gm/cocoon and 1.10 gm/shell) as compared to rest of the test treatments (0.67 and 0.70 gm/shell on M. alba and M. indica , respectively).     

饵料蛋白质水平对德国小蠊营养效应及氮代谢的影响

【目的】本研究旨在探究饵料蛋白质水平对德国小蠊Blattella germanica营养利用及氮代谢的影响,为蟑螂毒饵的研发提供新思路。【方法】采用标准重量分析法评估了取食4种不同蛋白质水平(5%, 25%, 45%和65%)饵料的德国小蠊雄成虫营养效率指数和氮利用率;利用分光光度法测定了取食不同蛋白水平饵料的德国小蠊雄成虫体内黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase, XOD)、谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(glutamic pyruvic transaminase, GPT)活性及尿酸含量。【结果】取食65%蛋白质饵料组的德国小蠊雄成虫的相对取食量最高,而取食45%蛋白质饵料组的雄成虫食物利用率、食物转化率及相对生长率均显著高于取食5%和65%蛋白质饵料组的雄成虫。且德国小蠊雄成虫体内氮、粪便氮、氮消耗速率、氮排泄率、氮生成率、氮同化效率、黄嘌呤氧化酶活性和尿酸含量均随饵料蛋白质水平的提高而提高,但65%蛋白质饵料组氮利用率最低,45%蛋白质饵料组谷草转氨酶活性最高,25%和45%蛋白质饵料组谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于5%和65%蛋白质饵料组。【结论】适量蛋白质饵料有利于德国小蠊对食物及氮的利用,而高蛋白质含量条件下德国小蠊谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性下降,说明高蛋白不利于德国小蠊利用食物,且增加其代谢负担。     

Quantitative Bestimmung isometrischer Pflanzen-Viren mit Hilfe des Radialimmundiffusionstestes

Abstract

This study compared the nutritional indices in third instar female nymphs of the tropical grasshopper, Poecilocerus bmtonius, after feeding on Calotropis procera or wheat seedling. Analysis of the main and interactive effects of feeding on C. procera indicates that nymph performance was not affected by the cardenolides present in C. procera. The rate of consumption and assimilation on C. procerawas higher when compared with that of wheat seedlings and weight gain of the nymphs on C. procera was correlated to higher assimilation. The relative consumption rate (RCR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were significantly higher in nymphs fed on C. procera than in those fed on wheat seedlings. Feeding on wheat seedlings significantly reduced the approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD). Feeding on wheat seedlings resulted in 60% mortality of nymphs before moulting to the fourth instar stage. The nutritional indices were also estimated after feeding on C. procera only by fourth instar nymphs.     

二种改进人工饲料对红脉穗螟生长发育和繁殖的影响

在温度(29±1)℃和相对湿度75%±5%条件下,研究了2种改进人工饲料和天然饲料椰子幼果对红脉穗螟Tirathaba rufivena Walker生长发育、繁殖力和营养的影响。结果表明:与天然饲料相比,用改进人工饲料饲养的红脉穗螟幼虫生长发育速度、幼虫存活率、蛹重及产卵量均提高;幼虫相对生长率(RGR)、食物利用率(ECI)及食物转化率(ECD)均显著提高,而相对取食量(RCR)则显著降低。表明红脉穗螟幼虫对2种人工饲料有很好的适应性,可用于大量饲养。     

Effect of vermicompost on nutrition and intermediary metabolism of Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is the important pest of potato throughout the world. The study showed the effects of vermicompost on nutritional indices, digestive enzyme activities and intermediary metabolism of the larvae and the adults of CPB. Vermicompost affected significantly the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) in addition to activities of carbohydrases and proteases in both larvae and adults. Amount of total phenol compounds increased in the leaves of the potatoes grown on the soil containing 30% of vermicompost compared to control and it were amended by 15% of vermicompost. In case of intermediary metabolism, activities of aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase showed no significant differences in the control and the treated larvae, but those were fluctuated upper and lower when 15% of vermicompost was added into growth plots. The amount of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the larvae of CPB showed no significant differences among treatments. However, the amounts of LDL, HDL, glycogen and protein of the adults significantly increased using 30% of vermicompost. Results of the current study clearly revealed significant effects on some physiological processes in CPB fed on the plants grown in the different vermicompost treatments.