头孢霉AL031真菌氨基酸和无机元素分析

从一产生光敏活性物质的头孢霉AL0 31真菌的菌丝体和发酵液中 ,测得 1 6种氨基酸 ,总含量分别为 1 5.53%和 0 .0 1 5%。该真菌菌丝体中含 1 4种无机元素 ,发酵液中有无机元素 1 2种。以上结果 ,为进一步探讨该真菌的开发应用价值提供了依据。     

樟芝菌丝体的氨基酸成分分析

测定了樟芝发酵菌丝体中游离氨基酸和结合氨基酸的含量。结果表明,樟芝菌丝体中含有丰富的8种人体必需氨基酸、支链氨基酸和谷氨酸,其中8种必需氨基酸含量是FAO(联合国粮农组织)标准的5.55倍,而芳香族氨基酸的含量却很低。在测定过程中,由于采用了酸水解,菌丝体中的色氨酸被破坏,而其余17种氨基酸均被测出,含量极其丰富。尤其是支链氨基酸的含量远大于α-酪蛋白、卵蛋白和大豆球蛋白。     

裂褶菌培养、鉴定及氨基酸组成分析

目的:获得裂褶菌的纯培养物,鉴定培养菌丝,并分析子实体及菌丝氨基酸含量.方法:利用孢子分离法、组织分离法培养菌丝,扫描电镜观测其菌丝特征,结合ITS区序列分析,并利用出菇试验分析其菌丝体,全自动氨基酸分析仪分别测定裂褶菌子实体、菌丝体氨基酸组成.结果: 菌丝体ITS区序列与子实体完全一致,出菇试验亦表明裂褶菌菌丝体培养成功,子实体及菌丝体均含有丰富的氨基酸成分,两者氨基酸种类及含量相当,菌丝体总氨基酸含量14.01%,子实体总氨基酸含量15.59%,其中菌丝体必需氨基酸的含量(38.60%)比子实体稍高(37.95%).结论:裂褶菌菌丝亦具有丰富的营养价值,可作为重要的氨基酸来源及功能性食品.     

花脸香蘑菌丝体氨基酸分析

以花脸香蘑菌丝体为实验材料,用美国戴安AAA型氨基酸分析仪测定了18种氨基酸的组成及含量,得出花脸香蘑菌丝体18种氨基酸质量分数为259.7 g.kg-1干样,其中100 g干样中谷氨酸2.84 g,天冬氨酸2.56 g,亮氨酸2.24 g,赖氨酸1.79 g,苯丙氨酸1.76 g,蛋氨酸0.47 g,人体必需氨基酸质量分数为133.7 g.kg-1干样,占所测氨基酸的51.49%,因此花脸香蘑菌丝体具有很高的营养价值。     

发酵法生产β—胡萝卜菌丝体中氨基酸含量的分析

采用日立８３５－５０型氨基酸分析仪,测定了发酵法生产的β－胡萝卜素菌丝体及提取β－胡萝卜素后剩余的菌渣中氨基酸含量,结果表明：在氨基酸总含量中,必需氨基酸含量较高;在β－胡萝卜菌丝体、菌渣中、赖氨酸含量较高,谷氨酸含量最高。     

发酵法生产β-胡萝卜素菌丝体中氨基酸含量的分析

采用日立８３５－５０型氨基酸分析仪,测定了发醇法生产的β－胡萝卜素菌丝体及提取β－胡萝卜素后剩余的菌渣中氨基酸含量,结果表明：在氨基酸总含量中,必需氨基酸含量较高;在β－胡萝卜素菌丝体、菌渣中,赖氨酸含量较高,谷氨酸含量最高。     

大型真菌冬菇103工业发酵产物及生物活性的研究

本研究表明大型真菌冬菇１０３Ｆｌａｍｍｕｌｉｎａｖｅｌｕｔｉｐｅｓ（Ｃｕｒｔ．：Ｆｒ．）Ｓｉｎｇ．－１０３工业酵性能良好,具备生产周期短、产量高、产物种类多等特点,发酵时间７２－９６小时,在深层发酵培养基中,每升可形成９－１５克干菌丝体;菌丝体的稠密度为每升含有４０－４２克干物质。并能产生多种功能的生理活性物质。从菌丝体和发酵液中分析出１６种氨基酸、１４种微量元素、１４种维生素、其中包括脂溶性维生     

香灰菌黑色素对真菌生长及多酚氧化酶活性的影响

以PDB培养的香灰菌丝体为材料,提取、纯化香灰菌黑色素,并测定香灰菌黑色素对六种真菌生长及对其胞外多酚氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明:香灰菌黑色素对六种真菌的生长没有抑制作用,而对其多酚氧化酶活力有明显的诱导作用.在不同的香灰菌黑色素浓度范围内,六种真菌胞外多酚氧化酶最大酶活的出现时间不同.     

亚硒酸钠浓度和培养时间对中华羊茅内生真菌液体培养菌丝体矿质元素的影响

为测定亚硒酸钠浓度和培养时间对中华羊茅内生真菌液体培养菌丝体干物质和矿质元素的影响,菌丝体样品经微波消化后,采用钼蓝比色法、四苯硼钠法、偶氮氯膦III法、邻菲啰啉比色法、氢化物原子荧光光谱法分别测定磷、钾、钙、铁、硒的含量.结果表明,当培养时间为4周、5周、6周、7周或8周时,亚硒酸钠浓度0.1～0.4 mmol/L抑...     

排风藤内生真菌PFT-2发酵产物抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH·法及Fe3+还原力法对排风藤内生真菌PFT-2提取物的抗氧化活性进行研究,首先测定发酵液乙酸乙酯萃取物和菌丝体甲醇总提物的活性,然后测定菌丝体总提物各极性部位,即石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇,丙酮、甲醇和水层剩余物部位的活性,同时以VC作为阳性对照。结果表明:内生真菌PFT-2菌丝体甲醇总提取物各样品抗氧化活性较强,尤其是甲醇提取物部位、丙酮提取物部位和正丁醇部位;它们对DPPH·的清除作用与Vc相当,其中甲醇提取物部位IC50值为0.023 mg/m L,活性略高于VC,同时以上提取物对Fe3+也具有很强的还原能力。     

巴西蘑菇菌体深层发酵培养条件的优化及成分分析*

对巴西蘑菇深层发酵条件进行了详细的研究,确定了巴西蘑菇菌体发酵的最优方案是:7%葡萄糖,1.5%酵母膏,0.3%磷酸氢二钾,0.1%硫酸镁,VB1 10mg/100ml,自然pH,接种量为15%,装液量为100ml/250ml三角瓶,150r/min,25℃恒温培养9天,菌丝干重达到1.8g每100ml发酵液。通过对巴西蘑菇子实体与深层培养菌丝体中蛋白质营养成分及多糖含量进行了分析比较,发现它们均是极好的营养食品之源。     

Quorum sensing activity in Ophiostoma ulmi: effects of fusel oils and branched chain amino acids on yeast-mycelial dimorphism

Aims: For Ophiostoma (Ceratocystis) ulmi, the ability to undergo morphological change is a crucial factor for its virulence. To gain an understanding of quorum‐sensing activity in O. ulmi as it relates to yeast‐mycelium dimorphism control, this study examines the effects of branched‐chain amino acids as well as their fusel alcohols and fusel acids as quorum sensing molecules. Methods and Results: In a defined medium containing glucose, proline and salts, O. ulmi grew as yeasts when the culture was inoculated with a high density of spores (2 × 10⁷ CFU ml^?1) and as mycelia when inoculated with a low spore density (4 × 10⁵ CFU ml^?1). The cultures displaying yeast morphology secreted a quorum‐sensing factor that shifted the morphology from mycelia to yeast. This quorum‐sensing molecule was lipophilic and extractable by organic solvents from the spent medium. Using GC/MS analysis, it was determined that the major compound in the extract was 2‐methyl‐1‐butanol. A similar effect was observed when the branched‐chain amino acids (fusel alcohol precursors) were used as the nitrogen source. E, E‐farnesol had no effect on the morphology of O. ulmi. Conclusions: Addition of the branched‐chain amino acids or one of the compounds detected in the spent medium, 2‐methyl‐1‐butanol or 4‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid, or methylvaleric acid, decreased germ tube formation by more than 50%, thus demonstrating a quorum sensing molecule behaviour in O. ulmi cultures. Significance and impact of the study: This study presents advances in the investigation of dimorphism in O. ulmi, complementing the existing scientific basis, for studying, understanding and controlling this phenomenon.     

Portacaval Anastomosis: Brain and Plasma Metabolite Abnormalities and the Effect of Nutritional Therapy

Abstract: Rats with portacaval shunts were used as a model of hepatic encephalopathy and compared to sham-operated controls. First, the changes in intermediary metabolites and amino acids in blood and whole brain were characterized and found to be similar at 4 and 7 weeks after shunting. Second, the effects of nutritional therapy on selected metabolites and tryptophan transport into brain were assessed in rats 5 weeks after surgery. Ordinary food was removed and the rats were treated with glucose given either by mouth or intravenously, or intravenous glucose plus branched chain amino acids. Several abnormalities in plasma amino acid concentrations were reversed by treatment. The abnormally high brain uptake index of tryptophan, a consequence of portacaval shunting, was not lowered by any of the treatment regimens; it was even higher in the groups given glucose by mouth and glucose plus amino acids. Calculated competition for entry of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine into brain was unchanged (glucose plus amino aicds), or reduced (glucose alone). Brain glutamine content was brought to near normal by all treatments. Infusion of glucose plus branched chain amino acids normalized brain content of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, even though the brain uptake index of tryptophan was higher in this group. Thus, partial or complete reversal of several abnormalities found after portacaval shunting was achieved by removal of oral food and administration of glucose. The addition of branched chain amino acids to the glucose infusion restored brain content of three aromatic amino acids to near normal, by a mechanism which appeared to be unrelated to transport across the blood-brain barrier.     

Branched chain amino acid aminotransferase isoenzymes of Pseudomonas cepacia

Pseudomonas cepacia grew rapidly using a mixture of all three branched chain amino acids as carbon source, but failed to use individual branched chain amino acids as sole carbon source. Extracts of bacteria grown on branched chain amino acids had between 2- and 3-fold higher levels of -ketoglutarate-dependent branched chain amino acid aminotransferase activity than extracts of glucose-grown bacteria. The increase in enzyme activity was due to the presence of a second aminotransferase not detected in extracts of glucose-grown bacteria. The enzyme, which presumably plays a role in branched chain amino acid degradation, had an apparent molecular weight (mol. wt.) of 75,000. The other aminotransferase was formed constitutively and apparently functions in synthesis of branched chain amino acids. It was more stable than the 75,000 mol.wt. enzyme, and was purified to homogeneity and found to be a 180,000 mol.wt. oligomer containing 6 subunits of approximately 30,000 mol.wt. Antiserum prepared against the purified enzyme inhibited its activity but failed to influence the activity of the 75,000 mol.wt. aminotransferase, suggesting that the two isoenzymes are encoded by different genes.     

大杯香菇辐射新株系各类氨基酸的遗传主成分分析

对大杯香菇辐射选育新株系的各类氨基酸总量进行了遗传主成分分析。结果表明,变异系数最大的为硫氨基酸总量,达到13．39％;其次为儿童氨基酸总量,变异系数为7．00％;其它变异系数较小分别为甜味氨基酸总量、芳香族氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、支链氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸总量为5．69％、5．64％、5．19％、5．24％和5．06％;在相关性上,鲜味氨基酸总量与甜味氨基酸总量、支链氨基酸总量、芳香族氨基酸总量、儿童氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量是呈极显著和显著的正相关,甜味氨基酸总量与支链氨基酸总量、儿童氨基酸总量和芳香族氨基酸总量呈极显著和显著的正相关,硫氨基酸总量与儿童氨基酸总量呈极显著负相关,与必需氨基酸总量是呈极显著正相关;支链氨基酸总量与芳香族氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量是呈极显著,与儿童氨基酸总量呈显著正相关;芳香族氨基酸总量与儿童氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量是呈极显著和显著的正相关;主成分分析结果表明,前4个特征根在7个特征根中累计贡献率达97．14％,也就是前4个主成分对变异的贡献率达96．07％。在各类氨基酸总量指标选择上,首先对变异大的各类氨基酸总量进行选择是及其重要的。在辐射选育新株系选择时,应注意选择大杯香菇中硫氨基酸总量高的新株系。     

蝉拟青霉菌丝体与天然蝉花中化学成分的比较分析

以天然蝉花Cordyceps cicadae做对比,对一株蝉拟青霉Paecilomyces cicadae菌株发酵菌丝体的化学成分进行了分析,包括粗成分、生物活性成分、无机元素、氨基酸、脂肪酸等。结果表明:蝉拟青霉菌丝体中虫草多糖的含量为33.2mg/g,甘露醇的含量为78.9mg/g,麦角甾醇的含量为0.6256mg/g,腺苷的含量为1.0620mg/g,钙、铁、锌、硒和锰微量元素的含量分别为5187.59μg/g、207.23μg/g、41.93μg/g、0.087μg/g和28.24μg/g,18种氨基酸齐全,不饱和脂肪酸是优势脂肪酸,以亚麻油酸、油酸为主,其相对含量分别为53.91%和20.63%,与天然蝉花相比,发酵菌丝体中虫草多糖、甘露醇、麦角甾醇、腺苷、氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和不饱和脂肪酸的含量明显高于后者,其它化学成分和天然蝉花中相应成分基本一致。     

Infusion of amino acids decreases the hyperglycaemic effect of per- and postoperative glucose infusion: an experimental study in the rabbit

The effects on blood glucose concentration of 10% glucose with amino acid solution at low (18%) and high (25%) concentration of branched chain amino acids were studied, two days after laparotomy in fasted rabbits. During the whole study period, saline infusion was associated with normoglycaemia. Among the other infusion combinations peroperative infusion of amino acid solution high in branched chain amino acids with 10% glucose was the least hyperglycaemic. An amino acid solution low in branched chain amino acids with 10% glucose had the lowest hyperglycaemic effect 24 hours postoperatively. After 48 hours an infusion of 10% glucose produced the weakest hyperglycaemia. In preoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively 10% glucose was more hyperglycaemic than 10% glucose with the two amino acid solutions. After 24 and 48 hours, infusion of 10% glucose with amino acids high in branched chain amino acids was more hyperglycaemic than 10% glucose with amino acids low in branched chain amino acids.     

氨基酸在黄东海食物网关键种——鯷鱼（Engraulis japonicus）食物链中的传递

采用活体饵料对黄东海生态系统食物网关键种食物链的中下营养层次"浮游植物-中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)-鯷鱼(Engraulis japonicus)"进行了室内模拟实验研究,以了解氨基酸在该食物链中的传递过程.通过76 d的培养实验,对采集样品做了14种氨基酸含量的定量分析.结果表明,在3个营养层次中中华哲水蚤起着十分关键的承上启下作用,它不仅将小球藻的植物性蛋白转化为动物性蛋白,大幅度地提高了赖氨酸的含量,而且将氨基酸总含量从小球藻的6.10%提高到24.16%.作为该食物网主要经济鱼类重要饵料的鯷鱼则进一步将氨基酸含量提高到27.06%.中华哲水蚤的氨基酸相对组成与小球藻有明显的相关性(r=0.606,p＜0.05),其中7种必需氨基酸的相关性相对较弱,而非必需氨基酸的相关性明显较强.鯷鱼的食性由合成饵料转变为活体中华哲水蚤时,其氨基酸量也随饵料的改变而有所变化,从与合成饵料相关转为与中华哲水蚤有更紧密的相关.鯷鱼排泄粪便中的氨基酸含量主要由新陈代谢的生理过程所决定.     

Effect of branched chain amino acids on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy

The authors investigated the effect of the enrichment of commercial amino acid solutions with branched chain amino acids on the development of liver regeneration. Partial (65-70%) hepatectomy was performed on male Wistar rats (140-160 g body weight). Starting with the day of the operation, amino acid solutions normally used in clinical practice and the same solutions enriched with branched chain amino acids were administered by stomach tube; 24, 48 and 96 h after the operation the animals were decapitated. The onset of DNA synthesis was found to be more rapid in animals given the enriched solutions. Once regeneration had started, the stimulant effect of an increased supply of branched chain amino acid on liver regeneration was smaller. Nevertheless, even in the later phase after partial hepatectomy branched chain amino acids had a stronger stimulant effect on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy than an energy supply in the form of sorbitol.