AFFINITY CONCENTRATION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES CELLS ON CONCANAVALIN A-COATED POLYESTER CLOTH AND SUBSEQUENT DETECTION BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

The Canavalia ensiformis lectin concanavalin A (con A) was immobilized on macroporous polyester cloth to form an inexpensive high surface area adsorbent (con A-cloth) for the affinity concentration of bacterial cells in aqueous suspensions. When the con A-cloth was packed into a 1 ml pipette tip, the resulting mini-column could be used to concentrate large volumes of dilute L. monocytogenes cell suspensions, followed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of L. monocytogenes-specific hly A sequences from lysates of the captured cells. This improved the effective sensitivity of the PCR as compared to the assay of L. monocytogenes in unconcentrated suspensions. Several enrichment broths (Fraser Broth, Listeria Enrichment Broth and Brain Heart Infusion Broth) were found to be inhibitory to the PCR of L. monocytogenes when introduced directly into the reaction mixture. This inhibitory effect was completely eliminated when the L. monocytogenes cells were captured on the con A-cloth and washed to remove the enrichment broth components prior to performing the PCR. Since the lectin con A is reactive with a broad variety of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, this simple and inexpensive affinity concentration method should be applicable to the PCR detection of other pathogens in enrichment cultures.     

聚合酶链反应快速检测胃组织和唾液中的幽门螺杆菌

针对幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）尿素酶Ａ基因设计一对引物进行聚合酶链反应,检测１株ＨＰ标准株和７株临床分离株均阳性,而４株其它肠道菌均阴性,特异性１００％。１０倍系列稀释试验表明敏感性达到１００ｐｇＤＮＡ水平。从３５例胃镜检查者取幽门旁组织块进行快速和常规尿素酶试验,细菌培养及ＰＣＲ检测,１５例ＨＰ阳性者ＰＣＲ检测也为阳性,其中７例阳性者有３例唾液ＰＣＲ检测为阳性,表明ＨＰ确存在于口腔中。本研究采用直接热裂解法处理临床标本,取其粗提物行ＰＣＲ,免除复杂的酚一氟仿抽提步骤,该法简便快速,且损失小,成功率高,在临床实验诊断中有推广价值。     

COMPARISON OF THREE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-BASED METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN FOOD

Three PCR-based methods for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food (BAX for Screening, Probelia and a method according to Kaclíková et al. (2003) were compared on the basis of the determination of detection limits for 15 artificially contaminated food products. Detection limits of all methods for all samples were 10⁰ cfu per 10 g, with the exception of three cheese samples which did not produce valid results because of the inhibition of Probelia PCR. Detection limits for nonviable L. monocytogenes cells were sufficiently high ( 10⁹ cfu per 10 g) for BAX and the method according to Kaclíková et al. (2003), but considerably low ( 10⁶ cfu per 10 g) for Probelia. The results demonstrate that BAX for Screening as well as the Kaclíková et al. (2001) method fulfill the sensitivity requirements for a rapid alternative method for the detection of L. monocytogenes in food, which would be equivalent to the standard method EN ISO 11290–1.     

细胞培养中支原体污染的PCR检测

根据支原体16s rDNA序列,选择RemyTeyssou设计的三条寡核苷酸链,组成两套引物:P_(1-2a)能检测出细胞培养中常见的各种支原体,P_(1-2b)能检出无胆甾原体。反应可检出体系中10CFV的菌体。此法先用于对实验室人为污染支原体Vero细胞的检测,后与DNA 染色法和培养法比较,检测了49份生物样品,其中24份传代细胞,PCR检测的阳性率为58％,DNA染色法为42％,培养法为33％;三者的灵敏性比较,PCR可检出10~(-3)稀释度的阳性样品,高于其他两种方法。此PCR方法快速、灵敏、特异,适用于细胞培养中支原体污染的检测。     

应用聚合酶链反应检测口蹄疫病毒的实验研究

聚合酶链反应用于直接检测口蹄疫病毒(FMDV),可快速、灵敏地检出乳鼠组织或细胞繁殖的病毒的核酸。其灵敏度可达0.062pg,整个检测过程可缩短至4～5个小时内完成,比其它检测方法都敏感和快速。本文还探讨了直接用PCR扩增合成生物素化核酸探针检测口蹄疫病毒核酸的存在。     

用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）液中的嗜肺军团杆菌

本文研究了由嗜肺军团杆菌的巨噬细胞感染性增效子（ｍｉｐ）基因设计的一对引物,用ＰＣＲ扩增嗜肺军团杆菌３、５、７、８血清型的４个标准菌株的特异ＤＮＡ序列,研究了用该引物扩增ＢＡＬ液中嗜肺军团菌特异ＤＮＡ序列的方法、灵敏度及特异性。结果表明：用上述引物扩增嗜肺军团菌４个标准菌株的ＤＮＡ,均可得到２０７ｂｐ的特异扩增产物,ＢＡＬ液中的军团菌经离心及裂解液裂解后,可直接进行ＤＮＡ扩增,当ＢＡＬ与液中军团菌量为２×１０３ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ时,即可检测出特异扩增带（电泳法）,除军团菌外,其它受试细菌均无此特异性扩增,用本法对４２例临床非典型肺炎患者的ＢＡＬ液进行嗜肺军团菌的检测,在４２份嗜肺军团菌培养均为阴性的ＢＡＬ液中,其中一例ＰＣＲ检测军团菌为阳性。本研究提示：用ＰＣＲ检测ＢＡＬ液中的军团菌是可行的,并有快速、灵敏、特异之忧点。     

DETECTION OF LISTERIA IN FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES BY IMMUNOMAGNETIC BEAD CAPTURE AND BY CULTURAL METHODS

Detection of Listeria by capture on antibody-coated magnetic beads has been shown to decrease test time and improve sensitivity, relative to cultural methods, in a study of spiked environmental samples (Mitchell et al. 1993). In this study, immunomagnetic capture was compared to standard cultural methods for detection of Listeria in a broad range of spiked and naturally contaminated food and environmental samples. Immunomagnetic capture was at least as sensitive as cultural methods for detection of Listeria in seafood, meats, dairy foods, and environmental samples. It was possible to determine the number of Listeria present in a sample, because immunomagnetic capture was carried out directly from the sample, without enrichment. These quantitative results were produced within 24 h, while cultural methods required 6–14 days to produce a qualitative result. Immunomagnetic capture was thus more rapid and as sensitive as standard cultural methods for detection of Listeria in the food and environmental samples tested.     

PCR直接检测龈下菌斑主要可疑牙周致病菌

目的：应用PCR方法直接检测龈下菌斑主要可疑牙周致病菌与牙周病活动部位的关系,探讨其方法的可行性并探讨其主要可疑牙周致病菌的分布规律。方法：应用聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)直接检测龈下菌斑主要可疑致病菌16s RNA保守区域片段。40名受试者包括牙周病患者20人,每人同口取一个牙周病活动部位,一个相对健康或牙周病静止对照部位;成人健康者20人,每人各取一个标本。结果：龈下菌斑5种可疑牙周致病菌在牙周病活动部位的检出率牙龈卟啉菌为86％,福赛类杆菌为95％,螺旋体为86％,中间普氏菌和黑色普氏菌分别为95％和33％,均显著高于同口部位对照组和健康对照组。结论：PCR直接检测菌斑牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普氏菌、福赛类杆菌、齿密螺旋体及黑色普氏菌匀与牙周炎活动部位相关。     

RPC技术检测儿童龈炎中的卟啉单胞菌

根据牙龈卟啉单胞菌特异的纤毛亚单位蛋白结构基因,设计一对寡核苷酸引物,采用ＰＣＲ扩增了１３１ｂｐ特异片段,实验证明,ＰＣＲ直接检测临床标本中的牙龈卟啉单胞菌,不仅特异、敏感、而且快速,从而显示了较好的优越性。用该引物,分析牙龈卟啉单胞菌在儿童龈炎中的分布。经ＰＣＲ检测４６例龈下菌斑标本中的牙龈卟啉单胞菌,结果表明：２４例标本ＰＣＲ为阳性;对照组４６例标本中,牙龈卟啉单胞菌仅有５例为阳性,儿童龈炎中牙龈卟啉单胞菌的检出率明显高出正常组（ｐ＞０００５）。提示用ＰＣＲ检测儿童龈炎中的牙龈卟啉单胞菌具有重要意义。     

培养-增强套式PCR检测肺炎支原体感染

应用培养 增强套式多聚酶链反应 (C ENPCR)检测 44例肺炎支原体感染住院患儿咽拭子标本。在检测的 44份咽拭子标本中 ,肺炎支原体的检测阳性率为 38.6 3%。结果显示 ,C ENPCR检测MP感染敏感性较高 ,可用于MP感染的临床检测     

用PCR法直接快速筛查重组阳性克隆

应用ＰＣＲ法快速筛查插入有苯丙氨酸脱氨酶ｃＤＮＡ重组阳性克隆。方法：用于ＰＣＲ扩增的引物是位于载体ｐＥＴ２３ｂ启动子处的Ｔ７启动子引物和位于目的基因ＰＡＬｃＤＮＡ３’端终止密码ＴＡＡ处的引物。以灭菌吸头挑一单菌落加入ＰＣＲ体系扩增。结果：在筛查的３个克隆中,有２个阳性克降,并且插入方向正确,经ＤＮＡ序列测定得到进一步证实。结论：以ＰＣＲ方法筛查重组阳性克隆,可以简便快速鉴定插入片段的大小和方面,不     

DETECTION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES BY ADSORPTION AND ELUTION FROM HYDROPHOBIC MATRICES

The binding of L. monocytogenes Scott A strain to three hydrophobic matrices, octyl, phenyl and butyl Sepharose, was investigated. Optimal adsorption of L. monocytogenes to octyl Sepharose was obtained at pH 3.5 and 4 M NaCl. However, it was difficult to elute the bacteria from octyl Sepharose, even after changing the pH and lowering the salt concentration. Good adsorption of L. monocytogenes to phenyl Sepharose at pH 3.5 and 4 M NaCl was also observed. L. monocytogenes was found to adsorb weakly to butyl Sepharose, which is less hydrophobic than phenyl Sepharose. Bacteria were eluted under various conditions. The best elution was obtained with 10 mM sodium phosphate, followed by an increasing gradient of ethylene glycol. To test the potential application of hydrophobic chromatography for separating L. monocytogenes from food matrices, milk was inoculated with L. monocytogenes and then passed through a column of phenyl Sepharose at pH 3.5 and 4 M NaCl. Nearly all L. monocytogenes were bound to the hydrophobic gel and were eluted in a pure and viable form by changing the pH and lowering the salt concentration, and by using a polar reducing agent, ethylene glycol. This study shows that hydrophobic interaction chromatography can be used to separate L. monocytogenes from milk and may be applicable to other food suspensions. It is a gentle method that makes use of the hydrophobic surface properties of Listeria for attachment to hydrophobic gels, as well as using mild elution conditions to avoid inactivation of the organism.     

应用反转录—聚合酶链反应检测口蹄疫病毒

建立了一种适用于检测动物（猪、牛、羊）组织（肌肉、淋巴结、脊髓、扁桃体和蹄冠皮）和牛食道－咽部分泌物（Ｏ－Ｐ液）中的口蹄疫（ＦＭＤ）病毒核酸（ＲＮＡ）的反转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术。引物对是人工合成的两条２０ｍｅｒ寡核苷酸片段,它们的序列相应于ＦＭＤ病毒结构蛋白ＶＰ１基因后２／３区段,在４个血清型之间基本一致（保守）。ＰＣＲ产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。试验结果表明,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ具有良好的