氧化HDL_2在大鼠肝窦状隙细胞内代谢

大鼠肝窦状隙细胞培养结果显示：氧化高密度脂蛋白２（ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２）对异硫氰酸荧光素（ＦＩＴＣ）荧光标记ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２的细胞结合有竞争抑制作用,而ＨＤＬ２则无。细胞内吞ＦＩＴＣ－ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２的荧光强度（ＦＳ）和［３Ｈ］ＣＥ－ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２（ｒ－ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２）的放射强度分别是内吞ＦＩＴＣ－ＨＤＬ２的４５．５％和ｒＨＤＬ２的６１．４％。内吞ＦＳ主要存在于三氯醋酸（ＴＣＡ）沉淀部分,而放射强度主要存在于ＴＣＡ上清液部分。细胞释放的ＦＳ和放射活性分别是内吞量的６７．７％和１０．９％,且主要存在于ＴＣＡ可沉淀部分。结果提示：（１）大鼠肝窦状隙细胞可能存在着ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ受体,该受体不同于ＨＤＬ受体。（２）ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２在细胞内代谢方式与ＨＤＬ２相似,均没有经历溶酶体分解途径。在细胞内载脂蛋白与胆固醇酯（ＣＥ）组分经历一个解离过程。细胞截留大部分ＣＥ后,将载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）与剩余ＣＥ重组成脂蛋白并以逆向胞饮方式释放到胞外。（３）氧化修饰减弱ＨＤＬ２逆向转运胆固醇能力     

卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶的结构研究

胆固醇在血液循环中的转运及其在外周组织中的清除都依赖于卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶 (ｌｅｃｉｔｈｉｎ :ｃｈｏｌｅｓｔｅｒｏｌａｃｙｌｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒａｓｅ,ＬＣＡＴ)的活性。低密度脂蛋白 (ＬＤＬ)将胆固醇从肝脏运送到外周组织 ,而高密度脂蛋白 (ＨＤＬ)则将外周组织中多余的胆固醇运送回肝脏 ,在这里胆固醇或以胆酸盐的形式排出体外或用于类固醇激素的合成。这个被称为胆固醇逆转运的过程与血浆中ＬＣＡＴ的作用密切相关。在血中 ,ＬＣＡＴ结合到其体内的最适底物ＨＤＬ上 ,被ＨＤＬ中的主要载脂蛋白ａｐｏＡＩ激活 ,催化胆固醇和卵…     

有氧运动对小鼠高脂血症及脂蛋白代谢的影响

本研究以高胆固醇饮食小鼠为实验对象,观察有氧运动对脂质水平异常的动物个体血脂及脂蛋白代谢的影响。结果显示,经１１周有氧耐力训练后,高脂膳食＋运动组小鼠血浆ＴＧ、ＴＣ及ＬＤＬ－Ｃ水平均显著低于高脂膳食组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ和ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＬＤＬ－Ｃ比值均显著高于高脂膳食组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。表明长期有氧耐力训练能显著改善高胆固醇饮食小鼠血脂及脂蛋白代谢状况。     

氧化修饰高密度脂蛋白的致动脉粥样硬化作用

高密度脂蛋白（ｈｉｇｈ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｌｉｐｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ,ＨＤＬ）具有抗动脉粥样硬化（ａｔｈｅｒｏｓｃｌｅｒｏｓｉｓ,ＡＳ）作用,一旦发生氧化修饰后,即具致ＡＳ作用。氧化修饰ＨＤＬ（ｏｘｉｄｉｚｅｄ ＨＤＬ,ＯＸ－ＨＤＬ）通过减少胆固酥因管平滑肌细胞（ｓｍｏｏｔｈ ｍｕｓｃｌｅ ｃｅｌｌ,ＳＭＣ）,内皮细胞及巨噬细胞流出,抑制胆固醇逆向转运;     

胆固醇逆向转运的分子机制

胆固醇逆向转运是周围细胞胆固醇转运至肝脏转化、清除的重要生理过程,它在维持机体胆固醇代谢平衡和对抗动脉粥样硬化发生及发展中起重要作用。研究证实胆固醇逆向转运直是高密度脂蛋白在多种生物活性分子参与下,由新生前β－ＨＤＬ到成熟α－ＨＤＬ递变的胆固醇转运及代谢过程。     

载脂蛋白E3的克隆及原核表达

载脂蛋白Ｅ(ａｐｏｌｉｐｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎＥ ,ａｐｏＥ)由 2 99个氨基酸组成 ,分子量 34ｋＤ ,是维持人体正常脂质代谢的必需蛋白质 .它是乳糜微粒 (ＣＭ )、极低密度脂蛋白 (ＶＬＤＬ)和高密度脂蛋白 (ＨＤＬ)的组分 ,是极低密度脂蛋白受体的重要配体 ,是脂质进入细胞不可缺少的中介 .ａｐｏＥ有 3种同分异构体 :ａｐｏＥ2、ａｐｏＥ3、ａｐｏＥ4 ,分别具有不同的生理作用 .ａｐｏＥ4与血浆高胆固醇、心血管疾病和老年痴呆等疾病关联[1～ 3 ] .ａｐｏＥ2与Ⅲ型高脂血症有关 ,并对老年痴呆有防治作用[4,5] .ａｐｏＥ3是大多数健康人所具有…     

有氧运动对高胆固醇血症大鼠肝脏低密度脂蛋白受体活性调节…

本文研究了实验性在醇血症大鼠肝脏低密度脂蛋白受体（ＬＤＬ－Ｒ）活性变化及有氧运动时ＬＤＬ－Ｒ活性调节的影响,发现,高脂（ＨＣ）组肝组织匀浆ＬＤＬ－ＲＩ自古以来生较正常对照（ＮＣ）组降低３７％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,同时血清大醇（ＴＣ）、低密度脂收白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）及血清栽脂蛋白Ｂ（ＡｐｏＢ）均显著高于ＮＣ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;高脂＋运动（ＨＥ）组ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ及ＡｐｏＢ均明显低于ＨＣ组,而ＬＤＬ－Ｒ     

胆固醇酯转运蛋白的基因多态性

胆固醇酯转运蛋白（cholesteryl ester transfer protein,CETP）通过介导胆固醇酯在高密度脂蛋白和富含载脂蛋白B的脂蛋白之间的交换,在胆固醇逆向转运过程中起着关键的作用。流行病学研究资料已经阐明CETP基因多态同血浆CETP浓度和脂蛋白水平相关联,因而CETP基因被认为是冠心病（coronary heart disease,CHD）的易感基因之一。本文重点阐述CETP基因单核苷酸多态与脂蛋白代谢及临床疾病易感性关系的最新研究进展。     

HDL受体和肝性脂酶在肝选择性摄取HDL_2－CE中的协同作用

体外重组３Ｈ－ＣＥ－无ＡｐｏＥ－ＨＤＬ２（ｒＨＤＬ２）保持天然ＨＤＬ２生物活性。大鼠肝窦状隙细胞与ｒＨＤＬ２３７℃培养３ｈ（正常组）;细胞内吞ｃｐｍ为９９５±１４７（ｘ±Ｓ．Ｄ．,ｎ＝２）。细胞进一步９７℃培养２ｈ．释放三氯醋酸（ＴＣＡ）沉淀和ＴＣＡ上清液中ｃｐｍ为７８±３２和１２±９。Ｎ－乙酰咪唑修饰组为３３９±６２、１９±１１和９±５。肝素处理组为５４２±７８、３４±１４和９±８。实验结果提示：（１）肝窦状隙细胞通过ＨＤＬ受体内吞ＨＤＬ２摄取ＨＤＬ２－ＣＥ,并通过逆向胞饮将ＨＤＬ３排出体外．（２）肝性脂酶（ＨＬ）直接介导细胞选择性摄取ＨＤＬ２－ＣＥ,导致ＨＤＬ３生成．（３）ＨＬ和ＨＤＬ受体在介导细胞选择性摄取ＨＤＬ２－ＣＥ中具有协同作用。     

用胆固醇代谢的房室模型速率系数来分析动脉粥样硬化程度

理论上认为胆固醇逆向转运的速率与动脉粥样硬化程序呈负相关。但目前尚无完善的测试血浆脂蛋白－胆固醇体内代谢的方法。我们运用同位素＾３Ｈ－胆固醇示踪方法,建立房室模型,选取健康兔与ＡＳ兔对照,研究血浆脂蛋白转运胆固醇能力的差异,并结合ＡＳ兔主动脉斑块程度对比,结果验证了上述理论,此法如改用短半衰期同位素或稳定性同位素标记的胆固醇,就可用于人体,这可为临床判断ＡＳ程度提供一种无创性的新方法。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.