Molecular mapping of the Oregon Wolfe Barleys: a phenotypically polymorphic doubled-haploid population

A phenotypically polymorphic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mapping population was developed using morphological marker stocks as parents. Ninety-four doubled-haploid lines were derived for genetic mapping from an F₁ using the Hordeum bulbosum system. A linkage map was constructed using 12 morphological markers, 87 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), five random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), one sequence-tagged site (STS), one intron fragment length polymorphism (IFLP), 33 simple sequence repeat (SSR), and 586 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The genetic map spanned 1,387 cM with an average density of one marker every 1.9 cM. AFLP markers tended to cluster on centromeric regions and were more abundant on chromosome 1 (7H). RAPD markers showed a high level of segregation distortion, 54% compared with the 26% observed for AFLP markers, 27% for SSR markers, and 18% for RFLP markers. Three major regions of segregation distortion, based on RFLP and morphological markers, were located on chromosomes 2 (2H), 3 (3H), and 7 (5H). Segregation distortion may indicate that preferential gametic selection occurred during the development of the doubled-haploid lines. This may be due to the extreme phenotypes determined by alleles at morphological trait loci of the dominant and recessive parental stocks. Several molecular markers were found to be closely linked to morphological loci. The linkage map reported herein will be useful in integrating data on quantitative traits with morphological variants and should aid in map-based cloning of genes controlling morphological traits. Received: 23 August 2000 / Accepted: 15 December 2000     

QTL analysis of late blight resistance in a diploid potato family of Solanum phureja × S. stenotomum

Field resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the causal agent of late blight in potatoes, has been characterized in a potato segregating family of 230 full-sib progenies derived from a cross between two hybrid Solanum phureja × S. stenotomum clones. The distribution of area under the disease progress curve values, measured in different years and locations, was consistent with the inheritance of multigenic resistance. Relatively high levels of resistance and transgressive segregations were also observed within this family. A genetic linkage map of this population was constructed with the intent of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with this late blight field resistance. A total of 132 clones from this family were genotyped based on 162 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. The genome coverage by the map (855.2 cM) is estimated to be at least 70% and includes 112 segregating RFLP markers and two phenotypic markers, with an average distance of 7.7 cM between two markers. Two methods were employed to determine trait–marker association, the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test and interval mapping analysis. Three major QTLs were detected on linkage group III, V, and XI, explaining 23, 17, and 10%, respectively, of the total phenotypic variation. The present study revealed the presence of potentially new genetic loci in this diploid potato family contributing to general resistance against late blight. The identification of these QTLs represents the first step toward their introgression into cultivated tetraploid potato cultivars through marker-assisted selection.     

An integrative genetic linkage map of winter wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.)

We constructed a genetic linkage map based on a cross between two Swiss winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, Arina and Forno. Two-hundred and forty F₅ single-seed descent (SSD)-derived lines were analysed with 112 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) anonymous probes, 18 wheat cDNA clones coding for putative stress or defence-related proteins and 179 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) primer-pairs. The 309 markers revealed 396 segregating loci. Linkage analysis defined 27 linkage groups that could all be assigned to chromosomes or chromosome arms. The resulting genetic map comprises 380 loci and spans 3,086 cM with 1,131 cM for the A genome, 920 cM for the B genome and 1,036 cM for the D genome. Seventeen percent of the loci showed a significant (P < 0.05) deviation from a 1:1 ratio, most of them in favour of the Arina alleles. This map enabled the mapping of QTLs for resistance against several fungal diseases such as Stagonospora glume blotch, leaf rust and Fusarium head blight. It will also be very useful for wheat genetic mapping, as it combines RFLP and SSR markers that were previously located on separate maps. S. Paillard and T. Schnurbusch contributed equally to the work     

A genetic linkage map of lentil (Lens sp.) based on RAPD and AFLP markers using recombinant inbred lines

 A genetic linkage map of Lens sp. was constructed with 177 markers (89 RAPD, 79 AFLP, six RFLP and three morphological markers) using 86 recombinant inbred lines (F_6:8) obtained from a partially interspecific cross. The map covered 1073 cM of the lentil genome with an average distance of 6.0 cM between adjacent markers. Previously mapped RFLP markers were used as anchor probes. The morphological markers, pod indehiscence, seed-coat pattern and flower-color loci were mapped. Out of the total linked loci, 8.4% showed segregation distortion. More than one-fourth of the distorted loci were clustered in one linkage group. AFLP markers showed more segregation distortion than the RAPD markers. The AFLP and RAPD markers were intermingled and clustering of AFLPs was seldom observed. This is the most extensive genetic linkage map of lentil to-date. The marker density of this map could be used for the identification of markers linked to quantitative trait loci in this population. Received: 6 November 1997 / Accepted: 10 February 1998     

Combined mapping of AFLP and RFLP markers in barley

AFLP marker technology allows efficient DNA fingerprinting and the analysis of large numbers of polymorphic restriction fragments on polyacrylamide gels. Using the doubled haploids from the F₁ of the cross Proctor × Nudinka, 118 AFLP markers were mapped onto a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) RFLP map, also including five microsatellite and four protein marker loci. The AFLP markers mapped to all parts of the barley chromosomes and filled in the gaps on barley chromosomes 2L, 4L and 6 in which no RFLP loci had been mapped. Interestingly, the AFLP markers seldom interrupted RFLP clusters, but grouped next to them. The combined map covers 1873 cM, with a total of 282 markers. The merging of AFLP and RFLP markers increased the total map length; 402 cM were added to the map at the tips of chromosomes or in regions corresponding to earlier gaps. Another 375 cM resulted from mapping AFLP markers near to RFLP clusters or in between non-clustered RFLP markers.     

Detection of a quantitative trait locus for both foliage and tuber resistance to late blight [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] on chromosome 4 of a dihaploid potato clone (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum)

Linkage analysis, Kruskal–Wallis analysis, interval mapping and graphical genotyping were performed on a potato diploid backcross family comprising 120 clones segregating for resistance to late blight. A hybrid between the Solanum tuberosum dihaploid clone PDH247 and the long-day-adapted S. phureja clone DB226(70) had been crossed to DB226(70) to produce the backcross family. Eighteen AFLP primer combinations provided 186 and 123 informative maternal and paternal markers respectively, with 63 markers in common to both parents. Eleven microsatellite (SSR) markers proved useful for identifying chromosomes. Linkage maps of both backcross parents were constructed. The results of a Kruskal–Wallis analysis, interval mapping and graphical genotyping were all consistent with a QTL or QTLs for blight resistance between two AFLP markers 30 cM apart on chromosome 4, which was identified by a microsatellite marker. The simplest explanation of the results is a single QTL with an allele from the dihaploid parent conferring resistance to race 1, 4 of P. infestans in the foliage in the glasshouse and to race 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 in the foliage in the field and in tubers from glasshouse raised plants. The QTL was of large effect, and explained 78 and 51% of the variation in phenotypic scores for foliage blight in the glasshouse and field respectively, as well as 27% of the variation in tuber blight. Graphical genotyping and the differences in blight scores between the parental clones showed that all of the foliage blight resistance is accounted for by chromosome 4, whereas undetected QTLs for tuber resistance probably exist on other chromosomes. Graphical genotyping also explained the lack of precision in mapping the QTL(s) in terms of lack of appropriate recombinant chromosomes.     

Marker enrichment and high-resolution map of the segment of potato chromosome VII harbouring the nematode resistance gene Gro1

The dominant allele Gro1 confers on potato resistance to the root cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. The Gro1 locus has been mapped to chromosome VII on the genetic map of potato, using RFLP markers. This makes possible the cloning of Gro1 based on its map position. As part of this strategy we have constructed a high-resolution genetic map of the chromosome segment surrounding Gro1, based on RFLP, RAPD and AFLP markers. RAPD and RFLP markers closely linked to Gro1 were selected by bulked segregant analysis and mapped relative to the Gro1 locus in a segregating population of 1105 plants. Three RFLP and one RAPD marker were found to be inseparable from the Gro1 locus. Two AFLP markers were identified that flanked Gro1 at genetic distances of 0.6 cM and 0.8 cM, respectively. A genetic distance of 1 cM in the Gro1 region corresponds to a physical distance of ca. 100 kb as estimated by long-range restriction analysis. Marker-assisted selection for nematode resistance was accomplished in the course of constructing the high-resolution map. Plants carrying the resistance allele Gro1 could be distinguished from susceptible plants by marker assays based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).     

Tagging and mapping of rice sheath blight resistant gene

Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) is one of the severe rice diseases worldwide. In this study, an F(2) population from a cross between "4011" and "Xiangzaoxian19" is used to identify molecular markers linked with the resistant trait. "4011" was a transgenic rice cultivar carrying a resistant gene to sheath blight, while "Xiangzaoxian19" is a highly susceptible one. As a result, five molecular markers, including three RFLP markers converted from RAPD and AFLP markers, and two SSR markers were identified to link with the sheath blight resistant gene. This dominant resistant gene was named as R sb 1 and mapped on rice chromosome 5. The linkage distance between the markers (E-AT:M-CAC(120), E-AT:M-CTA(230), OPN-16(2000), RM164(320) and RM39(300)) and R sb 1 was 1.6 cM, 9.9 cM, 1.6 cM, 15.2 cM and 1.6 cM, respectively.     

An integrated high-density RFLP-AFLP map of tomato based on two Lycopersicon esculentum×L. pennellii F2 populations

 Two independent F₂ populations of Lycopersicon esculentum×L. pennellii which have previously been investigated in RFLP mapping studies were used for construction of a highly saturated integrated AFLP map. This map spanned 1482 cM and contained 67 RFLP markers, 1078 AFLP markers obtained with 22 EcoRI+MseI primer combinations and 97 AFLP markers obtained with five PstI+MseI primer combinations, 231 AFLP markers being common to both populations. The EcoRI+MseI AFLP markers were not evenly distributed over the chromosomes. Around the centromeric region, 848 EcoRI+ MseI AFLP markers were clustered and covered a genetic distance of 199 cM, corresponding to one EcoRI+ MseI AFLP marker per 0.23 cM; on the distal parts 1283 cM were covered by 230 EcoRI+MseI AFLP markers, corresponding to one marker per 5.6 cM. The PstI/MseI AFLP markers showed a more even distribution with 16 PstI/MseI AFLP markers covering a genetic distance of 199 cM around the centromeric regions and 81 PstI/MseI AFLP markers covering a genetic distance of 1283 cM on the more distal parts, corresponding to one marker per 12 and 16 cM respectively. In both populations a large number of loci showed a significant skewed segregation, but only chromosome 10 loci showed skewness that was similar for both populations. This ultra-dense molecular-marker map provides good perspectives for genetic and breeding purposes and map-based cloning. Received: 3 September 1998 / Accepted: 27 October 1998     

High-resolution mapping of loci conferring resistance to sugarcane mosaic virus in maize using RFLP, SSR, and AFLP markers

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is one of the most important virus diseases of maize in Europe. Genetic analysis on backcross five (BC5) progeny derived from the cross FAP1360A (resistant) × F7 (susceptible) confirmed that at least two dominant genes, Scm1 and Scm2, are required for resistance to SCMV in the progeny of this cross. With the aid of RFLP and SSR marker analyses, Scm1 was mapped in the region of 8.7 cM – between the nucleolus organizer region (nor) and RFLP marker bnl6.29 on the short arm of chromosome 6, while Scm2 was mapped to an interval of 26.8 cM flanked by the RFLP markers umc92 and umc102 near the centromere region of chromosome 3. Both chromosome regions were further enriched for AFLP markers by successful application of a bulked segregant analysis to this oligogenic trait. A total of 23 linked AFLP markers were identified, clustered in chromosome regions adjacent to either Scm1 or Scm2. Seven AFLP markers linked to Scm1 resided within the nor-bnl6.29 interval, and one of them, E3M8-1, showed no recombination with Scm1. Three AFLP markers linked to Scm2 are located between umc92 and umc102. Received: 13 October 1998 / Accepted: 18 January 1999     

Molecular mapping of the rf1 gene for pollen fertility restoration in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

We report the molecular mapping of a gene for pollen fertility in A1 (milo) type cytoplasm of sorghum using AFLP and SSR marker analysis. DNA from an F₂ population comprised of 84 individuals was screened with AFLP genetic markers to detect polymorphic DNAs linked to fertility restoration. Fifteen AFLP markers were linked to fertility restoration from the initial screening with 49 unique AFLP primer combinations (+3/+3 selective bases). As many of these AFLP markers had been previously mapped to a high-density genetic map of sorghum, the target gene (rf1) could be mapped to linkage group H. Confirmation of the map location of rf1 was obtained by demonstrating that additional linkage group-H markers (SSR, STS, AFLP) were linked to fertility restoration. The closest marker, AFLP Xtxa2582, mapped within 2.4 cM of the target loci while two SSRs, Xtxp18 and Xtxp250, flanked the rf1 locus at 12 cM and 10.8 cM, respectively. The availability of molecular markers will facilitate the selection of pollen fertility restoration in sorghum inbred-line development and provide the foundation for map-based gene isolation. Received: 22 August 2000 / Accepted: 18 October 2000     

QTL mapping ofFusarium moniliforme ear rot resistance in maize. 1. Map construction with microsatellite and AFLP markers

To map the QTLsof Fusarium moniliforme ear rot resistance inZea mays L., a total of 230 F₂ individuals, derived from a single cross between inbred maize lines R15 (resistant) and Ye478 (susceptible), were genotyped for genetic map construction using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. We used 778 pairs of SSR primers and 63 combinations of AFLP primers to detect the polymorphisms between parents, R15 and Ye478. From the polymorphic 30 AFLP primer combinations and 159 SSR primers, we scored 260 loci in the F₂ population, among which 8 SSR and 13 AFLP loci could not be assigned to any of the linkage groups. An integrated molecular genetic linkage map was constructed by the remaining 151 SSR and 88 AFLP markers, which distributed throughout the 10 linkage groups of maize and spanned the genome of about 3463.5 cM with an average of 14.5 cM between two markers. On 4 chromosomes, we detected 5 putative segregation distortion regions (SDR_s), including 2 new ones (SDR₂ and SDR₇). The other 3 SDR_s were located near the regions where gametophyte genes were mapped, indicating that segregation distortion could be partially caused by gametophytic factors.     

Genetic and physical mapping of new EST-derived SSRs on the A and B genome chromosomes of wheat

The availability of genetic maps and phenotypic data of segregating populations allows to localize and map agronomically important genes, and to identify closely associated molecular markers to be used in marker-assisted selection and positional cloning. The objective of the present work was to develop a durum wheat intervarietal genetic and physical map based on genomic microsatellite or genomic simple sequence repeats (gSSR) markers and expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived microsatellite (EST-SSR) markers. A set of 122 new EST-SSR loci amplified by 100 primer pairs was genetically mapped on the wheat A and B genome chromosomes. The whole map also comprises 149 gSSR markers amplified by 120 primer pairs used as anchor chromosome loci, two morphological markers (Black colour, Bla1, and spike glaucousness, Ws) and two seed storage protein loci (Gli-A2 and Gli-B2). The majority of SSR markers tested (182) was chromosome-specific. Out of 275 loci 241 loci assembled in 25 linkage groups assigned to the chromosomes of the A and B genome and 34 remained unlinked. A higher percentage of markers (54.4%), localized on the B genome chromosomes, in comparison to 45.6% distributed on the A genome. The whole map covered 1,605 cM. The B genome accounted for 852.2 cM of genetic distance; the A genome basic map spanned 753.1 cM with a minimum length of 46.6 cM for chromosome 5A and a maximum of 156.2 cM for chromosome 3A and an average value of 114.5 cM. The primer sets that amplified two or more loci mapped to homoeologous as well as to non-homoeologous sites. Out of 241 genetically mapped loci 213 (88.4%) were physically mapped by using the nulli-tetrasomic, ditelosomic and a stock of 58 deletion lines dividing the A and B genome chromosomes in 94 bins. No discrepancies concerning marker order were observed but the cytogenetic maps revealed in some cases small genetic distance covered large physical regions. Putative function for mapped SSRs were assigned by searching against GenBank nonredundant database using TBLASTX algorithms.     

Genome-wide analysis of maize cytoplasmic male sterility-S based on QTL mapping

Three types of sterile cytoplasm in cytoplasmic-male-sterility (CMS) maize, T, C and S, can be identified according to their fertility-restoration and mitochondrial DNA RFLP patterns. CMS-S, which is the least stable among the three types of CMS, is controlled by sterile cytoplasm interactions with certain nuclear-encoded factors. We constructed a high-resolution map of loci associated with male-restoration of CMS-S in BC1 populations of maize. The map covers 1730.29 cM, including 32 RFLP, 51 SSR 62 RAPD and 21 AFLP markers. Genome-wide QTL analysis detected 6 QTLs with significant effects on male fertility as assessed by their starch-filled pollen ratios. Four QTLs out of six were located between the SSR markers MSbnlg1633-Mrasg20, MSbnlg1662-Msume1126, MSume1230-MSumc1525, and RAPD marker MraopQ07-2-MraopK06-2 on chromosome 2. Two other minor loci were mapped between MraopK16-1-Mraopi4-1, on chromosome 9, and between Msuncbnlg1139-MraopR10-2, on chromosome 6. The Rf3 nuclear restoring gene was precisely located on the chromosome 2, 2.29 cM to the left of umc1525 and 8.9 cM to the right of umc1230. The results provide important markers for marker-assisted selection of stable CMS-S maize.     

Molecular mapping of the reverse thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile gene (rtms1) in rice

TGMS (thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile) rice is widely used in hybrid rice production. Because of a specific temperature requirement, it can be used only in a narrow rice-growing zone in Asia. A newly discovered reverse thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile line, J207S, has an opposite phynotype compared to the normal TGMS lines. J207S is completely sterile when the temperature is lower than 31°C. Thus, it can be widely used in a larger area. Genetic analysis indicated that the sterility of J207S was controlled by a single recessive gene which was first named as rtms1. An F₂ population from the cross between J207S and E921 was developed and used for molecular mapping of the rtms1 gene. The AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique, combined with BSA (bulked segregant analysis), was used to screen markers linked to the target gene, and eight polymorphic AFLP loci were identified. Co-segregating analysis using the F₂ population showed that two of them, Rev1 and Rev7, were closely linked to the target gene with a recombinant rate of 3.8% and 7.7%, respectively. Both Rev1 and Rev7 were found to be single-copy sequences through Southern analysis. Rev1 was subsequently mapped on chromosome 10 with a doubled-haploid mapping populations derived from the cross CT9993 × IR62266 available at Texas Tech University. RM222 and RG257 were linked to Rev1 at a distance of 11.8 cM and 4.6 cM, respectively. Additional SSR markers from the rice map of Cornell University, RFLP markers from the map of RGP in Japan and the map of Texas Tech University were selected from the region surrounding Rev1 on chromosome 10 to conduct the fine-mapping of the rtms1 gene. Presently, rtms1 was mapped between RM239 and RG257 with genetic distance of 3.6 cM and 4.0 cM, respectively. The most-closely linked AFLP marker, Rev1, 4.2 cM from the rtms1 gene, was sequenced and converted into a SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) marker which could facilitate marker-assisted selection of the rtms1 gene. Received: 2 November 2000 / Accepted: 21 November 2000     

Molecular tagging and mapping of the erect panicle gene in rice

Erect panicle (EP) is one of the more important traits of the proposed ideotype of high-yielding rice. Several rice cultivars with the EP phenotype, which has been reported to be controlled by a dominant gene, have been successfully developed and released for commercial production in North China. To analyze the inheritance of the EP trait, we generated segregating F₂ and BC₁F₁ populations by crossing an EP-type variety, Liaojing 5, and a curved-panicle-type variety, Fengjin. Our results confirmed that a dominant gene controls the EP trait. Simple-sequence repeat (SSR) and bulked segregant analyses of the F₂ population revealed that the EP gene is located on chromosome 9, between two newly developed SSR markers, RM5833-11 and RM5686-23, at a genetic distance of 1.5 and 0.9 cM, respectively. Markers closer to the EP gene were developed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis with 128 AFLP primer combinations. Three AFLP markers were found to be linked to the EP gene, and the nearest marker, E-TA/M-CTC₂₀₀, was mapped to the same location as SSR marker RM5686-23, 1.5 cM from the EP gene. A local map around the EP gene comprising nine SSR and one AFLP marker was constructed. These markers will be useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) for the EP trait in rice breeding programs.     

A genetic linkage map for azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi]

To make progress in genome analysis of azuki bean (Vigna angularis) a genetic linkage map was constructed from a backcross population of (V. nepalensis x V. angularis) x V.angularis consisting of 187 individuals. A total of 486 markers—205 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 187 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and 94 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) —were mapped onto 11 linkage groups corresponding to the haploid chromosome number of azuki bean. This map spans a total length of 832.1 cM with an average marker distance of 1.85 cM and is the most saturated map for a Vigna species to date. In addition, RFLP markers from other legumes facilitated finding several orthologous linkage groups based on previously published RFLP linkage maps. Most SSR primers that have been developed from SSR-enriched libraries detected a single locus. The SSR loci identified are distributed throughout the azuki bean genome. This moderately dense linkage map equipped with many SSR markers will be useful for mapping a range of useful traits such as those related to domestication and stress resistance. The mapping population will be used to develop advanced backcross lines for high resolution QTL mapping of these traits. O.K. Han, A. Kaga, T. Isemura have contributed equally to this paper.     

Genetic analysis and FISH mapping of the Colourless non-ripening locus of tomato

Cnr (Colourless non-ripening) is a dominant pleiotropic ripening mutation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) which has previously been mapped to the proximal region of tomato chromosome 2. We describe the fine mapping of the Cnr locus using both linkage analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-, amplified restriction fragment polymorphism (AFLP)-, and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS)-based markers, linked to the Cnr locus were mapped onto the long arm of chromosome 2. Detailed linkage analysis indicated that the Cnr locus was likely to lie further away from the top of the long arm than previously thought. This was confirmed by FISH, which was applied to tomato pachytene chromosomes in order to gain an insight into the organisation of hetero- and euchromatin and its relationship to the physical and genetic distances in the Cnr region. Three molecular markers linked to Cnr were unambiguously located by FISH to the long arm of chromosome 2 using individual BAC probes containing these single-copy sequences. The physical order of the markers coincided with that established by genetic analysis. The two AFLP markers most-closely linked to the Cnr locus were located in the euchromatic region 2.7-cM apart. The physical distance between these markers was measured on the pachytene spreads and estimated to be approximately 900 kb, suggesting a bp:cM relationship in this region of chromosome 2 of about 330 kb/cM. This is less than half the average value of 750 kb/cM for the tomato genome. The relationship between genetic and physical distances on chromosome 2 is discussed. Received: 11 January 2001 / Accepted: 30 April 2001     

Construction of an integrated pepper map using RFLP,SSR, CAPS,AFLP, WRKY,rRAMP, and BAC end sequences

Map-based cloning to find genes of interest, markerassisted selection (MAS), and marker-assisted breeding (MAB) all require good genetic maps with high reproducible markers. For map construction as well as chromosome assignment, development of single copy PCR-based markers and map integration process are necessary. In this study, the 132 markers (57 STS from BAC-end sequences, 13 STS from RFLP, and 62 SSR) were newly developed as single copy type PCR-based markers. They were used together with 1830 markers previously developed in our lab to construct an integrated map with the Joinmap 3.0 program. This integrated map contained 169 SSR, 354 RFLP, 23 STS from BAC-end sequences, 6 STS from RFLP, 152 AFLP, 51 WRKY, and 99 rRAMP markers on 12 chromosomes. The integrated map contained four genetic maps of two interspecific (Capsicum annuum ‘TF68’ and C. chinense ‘Habanero’) and two intraspecific (C. annuum ‘CM334’ and C. annuum ‘Chilsungcho’) populations of peppers. This constructed integrated map consisted of 805 markers (map distance of 1858 cM) in interspecific populations and 745 markers (map distance of 1892 cM) in intraspecific populations. The used pepper STS were first developed from end sequences of BAC clones from Capsicum annuum ‘CM334’. This integrated map will provide useful information for construction of future pepper genetic maps and for assignment of linkage groups to pepper chromosomes.     

玉米株高和穗位高的QTL定位

摘要: 用玉米自交系掖478和丹340构建了397个F_2:3家系群体, 利用双亲间多态的150个共显性SSR标记绘制分子连锁图谱, 图谱总长度1 478.7 cM, 标记间平均距离10.0 cM。在5种环境下对株高和穗位高性状进行鉴定, 复合区间作图法检测到21个株高QTL和25个穗位高QTL。于第1和5染色体的umc2025－umc1035及umc1822－bnlg1118区域检测到平均贡献率分别为12.2%和14.9%的株高QTL。于第3和5染色体的phi029－umc1102及phi109188－bnlg1118区域检测到平均贡献率达到10.2%和22.8%的穗位高QTL。第5染色体的Bin5.05－5.07区域可能存在控制株高和穗位高的主效QTL。株高和穗位高的基因作用方式主要是加性和部分显性效应。文章还分析了群体大小及试验环境对株高和穗位高QTL定位结果的影响