Metabolism of Some Indole Auxins in Excised Tomato Roots

Indolylacetylaspartic acid (IAAsp) and possibly indolylacetylglutamicacid (IAG) are formed by exposure of excised tomato roots toIAA. Little ‘free’ IAA accumulates in the tissue.An unidentified substance reacting pink with nitricnitrite reagentis also formed. These substances are metabolized when IAA-treatedroots are transferred to auxin-free medium. IAAsp and IAA aresimilarly inhibitory to the growth of excised tomato roots.Excised tomato roots do not interconvert IAA and IAN. IAN-feedingleads to IAN accumulation and the appearance of indolylcarboxylicacid (ICA); transference to auxin-free medium causes a declinein the IAN activity but the ICA spot persists. The inhibitoryactivity of IAN is not due to its conversion to ICA. Excisedtomato and wheat roots respond very differently to externall-tryptophane but in neither case is there evidence of the conversionof tryptophane to ethyl acetate-soluble auxins.     

Simultaneous Gas Chromatographic Microdetermination of Indole,Skatole and p-Cresol in Gastrointestinal Contents of Domestic Animals

Primary rat hepatocytes form discontinuous monolayers even at their maximum density. Here, we show that staurosporine promotes attachment and spreading of hepatocytes onto culture substrates, so that hepatocytes form a close, continuous monolayer. This treatment did not attenuate major hepatic functions. Therefore, this technique is promising for making seamless cell-sheet structures, which will be applicable for cell-polarity experiments or artificial liver construction.     

Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Volatile Esters in Wines

We isolated a new aerobic gram negative collagenolytic bacterium, strain CRZV₁. This strain is yellow pigmented, non motile; it poorly degrades the sugars and its proteolytic activity corresponds to one enzyme, a collagenase which is produced in media with collagen, or collagen like substrates. The strain CRZV_l, presents many similarities with Flavobacteria. However, the GC content of the DNA, which is 65%, excludes our collagenolytic strain from the genus Flavobacterium, where all the species have GC content between 30 and 42%. All the strains, already described as Flavobacteria, the GC contents of which are situated between 55 and 70%, are actually unclassified. They could be included in the genus Empedobacter. This genus is not in the approved list of bacterial names, so we only consider this new collagenolytic bacteria as a gram negative, aerobic, yellow pigmented bacteria.     

Indole Compounds Related to Auxins and Goitrogens of Woad (Isatis tinctoria L.)

Five conspicuous indole derivatives are present in leaves and other tissues of woad (Isatis tinctoria L.). They were identified as tryptophan, isatan B, glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, and glucobrassicin-1-sulfonate. The latter three indole glucosinolates are present at levels of at least 260, 69, and 200 milligrams per kilogram fresh weight and were isolated as crystalline salts. Comparison of physical and chemical properties, particularly NMR spectral analysis, confirms that the 1-methoxyglucobrassicin structure suggested for neoglucobrassicin is correct, whereas further evidence for the even more unusual sulfonation of the ring nitrogen in glucobrassicin-1-sulfonate was obtained. Glucobrassicin-1-sulfonate has an enzymic degradation pattern identical to that of glucobrassicin. As it too releases thiocyanate, it must be added to the list of known plant goitrogens. These studies and the techniques described establish woad as exceptionally suitable higher plant material for metabolic studies of indoles related to goitrogens and auxins.     

Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Furfural and Hydroxymethyl-furfural in Wine

The thermal denaturation of 7S globulin has been examined as a function of ionic strength from 0 to 4.0 by using immunochemical methods, disc electrophoresis and turbidity. Changes in immunochemical properties were a measure of the extent of denaturation and provided information on the structural changes in 7S globulin at the molecular level. The 7S globulin did not lose its antigenicity even after heating, and both dissociates and aggregates maintained partial cross reactivity against anti-7S. The nature of thermal denaturation was divided into two main types at an ionic strength of approximately 2.0. At an ionic strength near zero, stable dissociation products were actually formed, and at ionic strengths from 0.1 to 2.0, the presence of salts increased in aggregate formation. The stabilizing effect of salt on thermal denaturation appeared at 2.0 ~ 2.2 μ. In the range of 3.5 ~ 4.0 μ, 7S globulin was heated to 100°C for 5min without changes in both antigenic specificity and electrophoresis pattern.     

植物组织中低聚糖乙酰化及毛细管气相色谱分析

建立一种用乙酰化衍生处理低聚糖并用毛细管气相色谱-FID进行分析的方法。以1-甲基咪唑为催化剂并以乙酸酐为乙酰化试剂,同时对植物样品中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖等低聚糖乙酰化产物进行毛细管气相色谱分离和FID检测。确定了低聚糖乙酰化衍生物的毛细管气相色谱分析条件,并对低聚糖乙酰化反应条件及色谱分离条件进行了优化。结果表明,在80–1000ng·μL–1范围内线性关系良好,蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的相关系数（R）分别为0.9952、0.9957和0.9877,并且精准度与回收率均较高。使用该方法对低聚糖进行乙酰化反应重现性好、所需样品材料及试剂量少且污染毒害小,能够得到理想的分离、检测和定量分析效果,适用于少量植物组织中低聚糖的定量分析。该方法在食品、医药检测和基础科学研究领域均具有广泛的适用性及参考价值。     

植物组织中低聚糖乙酰化及毛细管气相色谱分析

建立一种用乙酰化衍生处理低聚糖并用毛细管气相色谱-FID进行分析的方法。以1-甲基咪唑为催化剂并以乙酸酐为乙酰化试剂, 同时对植物样品中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖等低聚糖乙酰化产物进行毛细管气相色谱分离和FID检测。确定了低聚糖乙酰化衍生物的毛细管气相色谱分析条件, 并对低聚糖乙酰化反应条件及色谱分离条件进行了优化。结果表明, 在80–1 000 ng·μL^–1范围内线性关系良好, 蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的相关系数(R)分别为0.995 2、0.995 7和0.987 7, 并且精准度与回收率均较高。使用该方法对低聚糖进行乙酰化反应重现性好、所需样品材料及试剂量少且污染毒害小, 能够得到理想的分离、检测和定量分析效果, 适用于少量植物组织中低聚糖的定量分析。该方法在食品、医药检测和基础科学研究领域均具有广泛的适用性及参考价值。     

牛分枝杆菌32KDa蛋白诱导人细胞毒T细胞的应答

牛分枝杆菌３２ＫＤａ蛋白诱导人细胞毒Ｔ细胞的应答牛分枝杆菌、结核分枝杆菌以及其它分枝杆菌中均存在一高度同源的３２ＫＤ蛋白（Ｐ３２）．人感染结核、麻风病期间及接种ＢＣＧ后均有Ｐ３２表达,提示Ｐ３２是刺激细胞免疫和体液免疫的主要靶抗原,为了验证Ｐ３２在体...     

气相色谱法测定梭菌酸性代谢产物

本文报告用气相色谱法对８株梭菌代谢产物中的挥发性及非挥发性有机酸进行测定。采用程序升温方法,样品中各种成份分离较好,所需样品量少,操作方便,样品分析结果与标准菌株及文献对照比较,为梭菌的分类鉴定提供了实验依据。     

O_(139)霍乱弧菌流行病学

霍乱流行史上,七次世界性大流行都是由Ｏ１群霍乱弧菌所引起,但从１９９２年１０月至１９９３年４月,印度次大陆却爆发了由非－Ｏ１霍乱弧菌Ｏ（１３９）血清型引起的霍乱样病大流行,印度及孟加拉相继报道了引起全国流行的霍乱样急性腹泻。从流行区病人分离的菌株不被Ｏ１群霍乱弧菌抗血清所凝集,也不被已知的１３７个血清型非－Ｏ１霍乱弧菌抗血清所凝集,因此将这一引起霍乱样病的非－Ｏ１霍乱弧菌定名为Ｏ（１３９）。本文就引起霍乱样病流行的Ｏ（１３９）霍乱弧菌的来源,本次流行概况,流行特点,Ｏ（１３９）流行株的特性及流行预测做一简要概述以提醒国内霍乱流行病学工作者的重视,对这一霍乱新菌型有所认识,密切监视Ｏ（１３９）菌型的流行动态及传播趋势,做好应有的防疫工作。     

Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Higher Alcohols and Ethyl Acetate in Table Wines

Approximately 40% of defatted perilla seeds consists of proteins which are primarily composed of globulin (84%). The amino acid profile of perilla proteins demonstrated balanced amounts of all essential amino acids, except for lysine. The molecular mass of the predominant globulin was estimated to be 340 kDa by gel filtration. This globulin was separated into three intermediary subunits (54, 57 and 59 kDa) by SDS–PAGE. It is suggested from these results that the globulin exists as a hexamer. A treatment with 50 mM dithiothreitol enabled the intermediary subunits to be separated into three acidic subunits (31–34 kDa) and four basic subunits (23–25 kDa). It is interesting that this subunit structure is the same as that of sesame α-globulin, despite them coming from different families. Compared to sesame α-globulin, the heat-induced gel of perilla globulin had better water-holding ability, despite it displaying the same degree of gel hardness.     

极端嗜热菌的酶应用进展

极端嗜热菌一般在６０℃以上的环境中生长,其研究历史已持续一百多年。极端嗜热菌所产生的酶,因其耐高温（５０℃─９４℃）,酶活力性能稳定,已被广泛应用在聚合酶链反应,糖发酵,以及蛋白质、淀粉、纤维素和脂肪的分解等工艺技术方面,显示出了可喜的苗头。有关极端嗜热菌的基因结构及其嗜热机理正在探索之中,可以预见人们将采用酶工程技术,开发出更多的嗜热菌酶制剂市场。     

Unexpected Errors in Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Methane Production by Thermophilic Bacteria

Unexpected errors in methane measurement by gas chromatography occurred when samples at thermophilic temperatures were analyzed. With a standard curve prepared at room temperature (25°C), stoppered bottles incubated and sampled at 37 to 85°C showed more methane upon analysis than bottles incubated at 25°C: values at 50, 63, and 85°C were 109, 126, and 125%, respectively, of the 25°C value. All variation between 4 and 50°C can be explained by the temperature difference between culture bottle and sampling syringe, and the variation of methane concentration can be predicted by the gas law. Between 50 and 63°C, there was a more dramatic rise than predicted by theory. These variations are important to consider if thermophilic methane production is to be measured accurately. Methods to avoid errors are discussed.     

Formation of the Auxins 3-Indolylglycolate and 3, 3'-Diindolylacetic Acid by Reactions between Indole and Glyoxylate

Sodium-3-indolyIglycolate, a weak auxin, has been crystallizedand indentified from an incubation mixture containing only indoleand sodium glyoxylate. A second more active product, formedin the presence of excess indole, has been characterized as3, 3'-diindolylacetic acid, on the basis of elemental analysis,determination of molecular and equivalent weights, mass spectrum,and NMR, UV, and IR spectra. The possible in vivo significanceof this pathway of auxin formation is considered.     

诺卡氏菌型放线菌细胞中脂肪酸的气相色谱分析

采用Sherolock全自动微生物鉴定系统,用气相色谱法,分析测定了4株诺卡氏菌型放线菌分离菌株的脂肪酸成分和含量,结果表明,该法具有分辨率高,稳定、重现性好,简便易行等特点,在一定程度上与16S rRNA基因序列比较结果相一致,能在种及菌株水平上反映出放线菌的基因型,系统发育和分类关系,是一种较好的脂肪酸定量测定方法,尤其适用于分析大量的菌株或分离株,可应用于放线菌种水平的分类和快速鉴定.     

The Influence of Different Cytokinins and Auxins on Flower Neoformation in Thin Cell Layers of Nicotiana tabacum L.

Neoformation of flower buds was studied in thin cell layersderived from floral branches of Nicotiana tabacum L. Organogenesiswas found to be expressed in different ways according to thekind of auxin and cytokinin present in the culture medium. Inthe presence of synthetic auxins (NAA, CTA), more flower budswere generated than with the natural auxins (IAA, IBA), if theculture medium was also supplemented with a cytokinin. Theseconditions also stimulated the development of the buds to flowersor inflorescences. The most active cytokinin was BA. Naturalcytokinins (zeatin, IPA) appeared much less active but led toremarkable development of roots together with flower buds. Anorganogenetic effect of 2,4-D was observed in this experimentalsystem, leading to the conclusion that organogenetic activityof cytokinins and auxins in thin cell layer cultures stronglydepends on the molecular structure of the growth regulators. (Received September 30, 1987; Accepted March 23, 1988)     

An Acidic Polysaccharide Isolated from the Midrib of Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum

An acidic polysaccharide (APS-H) purified from the hemicellulosic fraction of the midrib of Nicotiana tabacum was composed of d-galacturonic acid, l-rhamnose, l-arabinose and d-galactose in a molar ratio of 31.8: 15.4: 9.9: 42.9. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 90,000 by gel filtration chromatography. APS-H had a pectin-like structure in which the rhamnogalacturonan backbone was composed of (1 → 2)-linked l-rhamnopyranosyl and (1 → 4)-linked d-galacturonosyl residues in a ratio of approximately 1: 2.1. It also contained (1 → 4)-linked d-galactan and (1 → 5)-linked l-arabinofuranosyl moieties as the side chains. Branch points occurred mainly at C-4 of (1 → 2)-linked l-rhamnosyl residues in the backbone and at C-6 of (1 → 4)-linked d-galactosyl residues in the side chains.