潮间带盐生植物生境微生物药用前景

近海潮间带植物生境的微生物是最富有生物多样性的海洋种群,其生境的独特性决定了该区域微生物较高的药用价值。文中介绍了我国南北方海域近海潮间带植物生境和微生物的特性及药用前景,为该区域微生物的开发利用提供参考。     

洋山港海域码头人工潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物群落变化

洋山港是世界第一大集装箱港,自2002年开始至2017年共完成四期工程建设,期间港口建设中形成了8 000余米的码头人工岸线,受港区一至四期工程的顺序建设、岛礁连接、围海造地和港口运营的远洋船舶停靠等影响,港口海域生态环境也逐步出现相应变化,导致包括潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物在内的海洋生物群落均受到相应影响。本研究于2021和2022年(第四期工程建设后)在洋山港港区二号码头与港区海域大洋山码头人工潮间带采集了大型底栖无脊椎动物,并对其群落结构与特征进行分析,同时与2009和2010年(第四期工程建设初)的历史调查资料对比,分析了第四期工程建设以来洋山港海域码头人工潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物的群落变化。结果显示,洋山港海域码头人工潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物种类数量由第四期工程建设前的17种增加至第四期工程建设后的28种,其中软体动物由8种增加至15种,节肢动物由7种增加至9种,腔肠动物增加至3种,环节动物增加至1种;跨海区入侵种东方小藤壶(Chthamalus challengeri)消失,而纹藤壶(Amphibalanus amphitrite)重新出现并成为优势种;洋山港人工码头潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物群落密度最高值由第四期工程建设初的(6 333.30 ± 1 495.49)ind/m²增加至(6 517.33 ± 119.67)ind/m²,生物量最高值由第四期工程建设初的(1 977.04 ± 281.87)g/m²增加至(3 724.69 ± 940.94)g/m²;洋山港人工码头潮间带群落生物多样性指数有所上升而大洋山人工码头下降显著。与洋山港第四期工程建设初相比,洋山港海域码头人工潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物群落种类组成已经发生变化,群落生物多样性指数与丰度-生物量曲线(ABC曲线)分析结果均表明,目前洋山港海域生态环境处于中等污染水平。受港区运营影响,码头人工潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物群落仍受到中等程度的干扰,群落结构不稳定。     

Trophic Assemblages of the Rocky Intertidal Zone in Vostok Bay,Sea of Japan

The ratios between the indices of relative abundance for different trophic life forms have been used to characterize bionomical types of a rocky intertidal zone. It has been shown that the distribution of life forms is determined by the geomorphological peculiarities of the surveyed intertidal areas. A brief critical historical review has been provided of the terms bionomy and bionomical type.     

厦门潮间带春季鸟类群落的生态分析

厦门岛位于台湾海峡西部,北纬24°20′,东经118°4′左右,属典型亚热带海洋性季风气候,年平均气温208℃,年降雨量约1100ｍｍ。厦门岛三面隔海与大陆相邻,一面潮向外海;潮汐是规则的半日潮,同时具有日潮不等的特征,潮间带每日两次暴露于空气中[5]。厦门鸟类区系及生态分布情况,曾有几位国外学者做过零星考察[2,7],但未有系统专门报道。关于潮间带鸟类群落研究的国内报道也尚不多见,仅有陆健健等对东海北部的行鸟鹬群落做过研究[4]。我们于3～5月间对厦门潮间带鸟类进行了调查,目的在于初步了解厦门不同地区潮间带的鸟类种类组成和数量状况,探…     

Macrobenthos of Brackish-Water Areas in the Intertidal Zone of Del''fin Bay (Shikotan Island, Small Kuril Islands)

The paper describes brackish-water areas of Del'fin Bay and provides quantitative characteristics of macrobenthos communities in these areas considering changes that took place after the lowering of the island and a result of the earthquake of 1994. A comparative biogeographical analysis have been performed of brackish-water areas in Del'fin Bay in comparison with open seaward Gorobets Bay (Shikotan Island). The most peculiar elements of biota in the brackish-water areas are represented by marine eurybionthic and brackish-water species of the subtropical–low boreal complex. The communities of brackish-water areas of Del'fin Bay have been referred to the Amur-Japanese Subprovince of the Sino-Indian Brackish-Water Province, unlike the assemblage of organisms in typically marine coasts of Shikotan Island, which are referred to the Low-Boreal Subprovince (Subzone) of the marine Pacific Boreal Province (Zone).     

广东上川岛潮间带软体动物的分布

对上川岛潮间带软体动物进行了采集调查,共鉴定软体动物172种,分属53科。其中瓣鳃纲20科81种,占总数47．09％,腹足纲33科91种,占总数52．91％。分析表明,其区系特点是以南海亚热带-热带种和东海、南海亚热带种为主要成分。     

西双版纳姜科植物资源的利用现状与开发前景

介绍了云南西版纳地区姜科植物资源状况、生物学特性、当地少数民族对它们的利用现状,并对其开发利用前景和存在的问题作了探讨。     

Space Partitioning within Populations of Sea Anemones (Genus: Anthopleura) in the California Rocky Intertidal Zone

The spatial patterns of sea anemones (genus: Anthopleura) were analyzed off the rocky intertidal of California. A. elegantissima partitions space in a regular or even pattern and interferes with conspecifics. Its associate A. xanthogrammica shows no signs of interference with conspecifics or congenerics and displays a clumped spatial distribution.     

The Revision of Plant Life- form System and an Analysis of the Life- form Spectrum of Forest Plants in the Warm Temperate Zone of China

The Raunkiear' s plant life-form system was revised, according to the features of the forest plants in the warm-temperate zone of China, and based on the revised system, the life-form spectrum analysis has shown that the hemieryptophytes are the dominant life-form, accounted for 33. 9% of all the forest vascular plants, followed by the geoeryptophytes, which cover 19.7%, and all of the phanerophytes make up 27.5 %. There are only few macrophanerophytes, being higher than 25 m, because of human activties as well as the inadequate water and temperature supply in this area. The general spectrum of the warm-temperate zone of China eould basically represent the charactefisties of middle latitude climate that is rainy and warm in summer, and frigid and dry in winter.     

浙南岛屿岩相潮间带石鳖的群落结构

研究了浙南岛屿岩相潮间带石鳖的群落结构。用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H′）、Pielous种类均匀度（J）、Margalef种类丰度（d)、Berger-Parker优势度指数（I）4个测定群落种类多样性指标进行数值分析,结果表明,水平变化,H′值为北麂的关帝山最大、七星岛最小,J值为洞头的鸽尾礁最大、七星岛最小,d值为南麂的马祖岙口和北麂的海利相对较大、北麂的筲箕屿最小,I值为七星岛最大、洞头的鸽尾礁最小;垂直变化,潮区由高到低,H′、J和d值呈逐渐增大的趋势,I值中潮区开始则逐渐变小;季节变化,H′、J、d值为春季＞夏季＞秋季＞冬季,I值则相反。用Bray-Curtis群落相似性系数聚类分析,浙南岛屿潮间带石鳖群落可聚为两大类型。温度、潮汐、海岸开敞度、浪击度和空间异质性是影响石鳖群落结构的主要因素。