Membrane Injury and PSⅡ Inactivation in Some Subtropical Woody Plants Induced by Photooxidation

Leaf discs from the pot-cultured seedlings of tree species and understory shrub species in a natural subtropical forest were treated with methyl viologen (MV) solution under low light or high light illumination. The degradation of chlorophyll and the leakage rate of electrolytes through membrane were enhanced by the increasing MV concentration and prolonged time of treatment. Membrane injury was more serious than oxidative bleaching of chlorophyll under the same condition. When leaf discs were subjected to short term (1 h) exposure of MV-photooxidation in high light (1 300 μmol·m-2·s-1), a pronounced decrease of Fv/Fm, ФPSⅡ and qp, as well as △A505, △A320 and ratio of qp/qN were observed in all tested species, which were accompanied by the increase of qN, KD and Fo. It demonstrated that photooxidation led to PSⅡ inactivation expressing in the reduction of the number of PS Ⅱ centre undergoing a stable charge separation and efficiency of the primary photochemical efficiency and noncyclic electron transport of PS Ⅱ. Partial excitation energy might dissipate via the useful nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching, but the lowering of △A505 was not consistent with the elevation of qN. Understory shrub Psychotria rubra Poir., Ardisia quinquegona BI. Showed more susceptibility to photooxidation than the upper canopy tree species Schima superba Gardn. et Champ., Castanopsis fissa (Champ.) ex Benth. ) Rend. et Wils. and Syzygium rehderianum Merr. et Perry.     

Changes in Photosystem Ⅱ Activity and Leaf Reflectance Features of Several Subtropical Woody Plants Under Simulated SO2 Treatment

The effects of simulated SO2 treatment on the photosynthetic apparatus were investigated in five subtropical forest plants, namely Plnus massonlana Lamb., Schlma superba Gardn. et Champ., Castanopsls flssa （Champ. ex Benth.） Rehd. et Wils., Acmena acuminatissima （BI.） Merr et Perry, and Cryptocarya concinna Hance. After leaf sections had been immersed in 0, 20, 50, and 100 mmol/L NaHSO3 for 20 h, total chlorophyll （Chl） content, Chl a/b, maximal photochemical efficiency, and the photochemical quantum yields of photosystem Ⅱ of all five woody plants were reduced to different degrees, whereas lutein content （Chl base） was increased. Two protective mechanisms, namely the xanthophyll cycle （de-epoxidation） and an anti-oxidant system （1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging capacity）, showed differences in the degree of modulation under simulated SO2 treatment. Compared with control （distilled water treatment）, the revised normalized difference vegetation index, a leaf reflectance index, was lowered with Increasing concentrations of NaHSO3. Cryptocarya conclnna, a dominant species in the late succession stage of subtropical forests in South China, exhibited less sensitivity to NaHSO3. Conversely, Pinus massonlana, the pioneer hellophyte species, was most susceptible to NaHSO3 treatment. It Is suggested that SO2 pollution may accelerate the succession of subtropical forest.     

几种南亚热带木本植物光合作用对生长光强的响应

分别将马尾松（Pinus massoniana）、黧蒴（Castanopsis fissa）、荷木（Schima superba）、黄果厚壳桂（Cryptocarya concinna）的幼苗置于100％自然光和32％自然光下生长6个月,测定它们的光强-光合反应曲线和叶绿素荧光的某些参数。结果表明,在100％光下,马尾松有最高的最大光合速率（Pmax）、光饱和点（LSP）、光补偿点（LCP）、暗呼吸（Rd）、表观量子效率（AQY）和总电子传递速率（JF）,光化学猝灭（qP）也最大。而黄果厚壳棒有最大的分配到光呼吸的电子流比率（JO/JF）。100％光下AQY的大小顺序为：马尾松〉黧蒴〉荷木〉黄果厚壳桂,32％光下AQY的顺序则相反。这说明群落早期演替的先锋树种马尾松属于强阳生性树种,具有适应强光的特点,而处于群落演替项级阶段的优势种黄果厚壳梓则能更加充分利用低光生长环境中的光强,同时也可通过提高电子流向光呼吸分配的比例来避免自然光环境中强光的伤害。     

Photosynthetic Properties of Photosystem II in Arabidopsis thaliana lpa1 Mutant

In a previous study, we characterized a high chlorophyll fluorescence lpa1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, in which approximately 20% photosystem (PS) II protein is accumulated. In the present study, analysis of fluorescence decay kinetics and thermoluminescence profiles demonstrated that the electron transfer reaction on either the donor or acceptor side of PSII remained largely unaffected in the lpa1 mutant. In the mutant, maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm, where Fm is the maximum fluorescence yield and Fv is variable fluorescence) decreased with increasing light intensity and remained almost unchanged in wild-type plants under different light conditions. The Fv/Fm values also increased when mutant plants were transferred from standard growth light to low light conditions. Analysis of PSII protein accumulation further confirmed that the amount of PSII reaction center protein is correlated with changes in Fv/Fm in lpa1 plants. Thus, the assembled PSII in the mutant was functional and also showed increased photosensitivity compared with wild-type plants.(Author for correspondence. Tel: +86 (0)10 6283 6256; Fax: +86 (0)10 8259 9384; E-mail: zhanglixin@ibcas.ac.cn)     

适度高温下亚热带阔叶树种叶片的光合速率和吸收光能的分配

 利用光合作用测定系统（Li-COR 6400和叶室荧光仪）,测定了亚热带阔叶树种的光合速率和荧光参数,分析了38 ℃适度高温对叶片光合作用 和吸收光能分配的影响。测试树种包括华南亚热带地区常见的阳生性树种木荷（Schima superba）、耐荫树种黄果厚壳桂（Cryptocarya concinna）和中生性树种红锥（Castanopsis hystrix）。适度高温处理均引起 所有树种的光合能力下降,而且木荷和红锥下降的程度比黄果 厚壳桂明显。与25 ℃的对照温度相比,适度高温处理的木荷叶片用于光化学反应所消耗的光能下降,红锥和黄果厚壳桂也有相似的反应,表明 适度高温限制叶片用于光化学反应的吸收光能。无论哪个树种,38 ℃适度高温处理的植物,叶片总吸收光能中额外多余的那部分和处于非活化 状态PSⅡ所吸收的那部分光能都增加,而且黄果厚壳桂比木荷和红锥显著,因此,亚热带阔叶森林的树种对适度高温的响应因种类而异。研究 结果意味着将来气候变化导致温度的上升对演替后期树种黄果厚壳桂的光合过程的限制比演替早期的树种木荷和中生性树种红锥会更严重。     

夏季南亚热带森林演替中后期优势种幼叶花色素苷的光保护作用

为探讨夏季南亚热带森林演替过程中优势树种幼叶的光保护机制,以演替中期优势树种木荷(Schima superba)、黧蒴(Castanopsis fissa)、锥栗(C.chinensis)和演替后期优势种华润楠(Machilus chinensis)、厚壳桂(Cryptocarya chinensis)、黄果厚壳桂(C.concinna)为材料,分析了2种生长光强(全光照和30%全光照)下6种优势种幼叶和成熟叶的叶片表型、光合色素含量、花色素苷含量、抗氧化能力、类黄酮含量、总酚含量和最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)恢复效率间的差异。结果表明,两个演替阶段幼叶的叶绿素含量(Chl a+b)、Chl a/b比成熟叶低,但光保护物质比成熟叶多;演替中期幼叶的花色素苷含量和总抗氧化能力比演替后期的高,而类黄酮和总酚含量比演替后期的低;全光照下幼叶的总酚、类黄酮、总抗氧化能力及Fv/Fm恢复效率都要比30%全光照的高,并且含有花色素苷的幼叶恢复得更快。因此,植物的光合能力与自身的光保护潜力成反比关系,演替中期优势种幼叶的光保护在很大程度上是因为花色素苷的积累而演替后期优势种是因为自身抗氧化物质(类黄酮、总酚)的共同作用。     

Effect of Light on Scavenging Capacity for Organic Free Radical in Leaves of Four Woody Plants

Change of antioxidant capacity of the organic-free-radical scavengers to 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) reagent in the leaf extracts of the seedlings and young trees of four woody species (Schima superba Gardn. et Champ., Castanopsis fissa (Champ. ex Benth.) Rehd. et Wils., Psychotria rubra (Lour.) Poir., Ardisia quinquegona Bl.) in exposureto different light intensities was investigated. The organic free radical scavenging capacity (ORSC) expressed as the percentage of decreasing DPPH· was 16%-59% (pot seedlings) or 48%-88% (young trees in the forest). The highest ORSC was observed in plants grown under natural light, and the ORSC reduced with the decreasing light intensity. Similar trend was observed through the assay of inhibition to linoleic acid oxidation. The ORSC of P. rufra, an understory shrub, was more sensitive to the change of light intensity. A linear relationship was found between ORSC and AsA (ascorbic acid) content (r=0.92) or the absorption around the wavelength of 204-227 nm. It is proposed that ORSC of leaf was regulated by incident light intensity, and the contents of AsA and, flavonoid phenolics might be the important components contributed to ORSC and total antioxidant activity of leaves. The increasing ORSC is likely to be a protective strategy of plant in response to strong light.     

Adaptation of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Maize Leaves as a Result of Nitrogen Limitation : Relationships between Electron Transport and Carbon Assimilation

In maize (Zea mays L., cv Contessa), nitrogen (NO₃⁻) limitation resulted in a reduction in shoot growth and photosynthetic capacity and in an increase in the leaf zeaxanthin contents. Nitrogen deficiency had only a small effect on the quantum yield of CO₂ assimilation but a large effect on the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis. Linear relationships persisted between the quantum yield of CO₂ assimilation and that of photosystem II photochemistry in all circumstances. At high irradiances, large differences in photochemical quenching and nonphotochemical quenching of Chl a fluorescence as well as the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence (Fv/Fm) were apparent between nitrogen-deficient plants and nitrogen-replete controls, whereas at low irradiances these parameters were comparable in all plants. Light intensity-dependent increases in nonphotochemical quenching were greatest in nitrogen-deficient plants as were the decreases in Fv/Fm ratio. In nitrogen-deficient plants, photochemical quenching decreased with increasing irradiance but remained higher than in controls at high irradiances. Thermal dissipative processes were enhanced as a result of nitrogen deficiency (nonphotochemical quenching was elevated and Fv/Fm was lowered) allowing PSII to remain relatively oxidised even when carbon metabolism was limited via nitrogen limitation.     

Effect of Tourism and Industrialization on the Atmospheric Quality of Subtropical Forests and on Chlorophyll Flourescence of Two Species of Woody Plants

Different impacts of human activities including tourism, religious activity and industrial activities on atmospheric CO2, NOx and SO2 concentration of the subtropical forests and the chlorophyll fluorescence of two woody plant species ( Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. and Pinus massoniaha Lamb. ) were studied. The experimental sites were at Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve and its nearby industrial area in Guangdong Province. In recent years, the Biosphere Reserve has received more than 700 000 tourists and nearly 120 000 vehicles each year. A steel production plant and a chemical plant are located in the nearby industrial area. The chlorophyll fluorescence was measured by a modulation pulse fluorometer (PAM). The results showed that the effects of human being activities have caused an increase of the concentration of CO2, NOx and SO2 within the forests. Comparing to the control site (core area of Biosphere Reserve), the CO2, NOx and SO2 concentration in the disturbed sites have increased 17 to 40 μmol· mol-1, 5 to 20 nmol· mo1-1 and 2 to 19 nmol·mol-1 respectively. The Fv/Fm, qp and ФPSⅡof two woody plants decreased with the increase of human being activities. The trend of decreasing Fv/Fm, qp and ФPSⅡ associated with an increase of qN in leaves of forests plant was consistent with the increasing CO2, NOx and SO2 concentration within the forests.     

光强对四种亚热带树苗生长特征影响的比较

鼎湖山亚热带森林优势树种藜蒴、荷木、黄果厚壳桂和马尾松2－3年生树苗,盆栽于16％、40％和100％的自然光下生长16个月．3种阔叶树无论在全自然光还是在弱光下均能较好地存活,遮光下的马尾松则出现不同程度的死亡．全光下的马尾松、黄果厚壳桂树苗的基径和树高生长大于遮光下的树苗．4个树种的侧枝数均随光照的减弱而下降．在不考虑新老叶更新的情况下,全光下的藜蒴、黄果厚壳桂单株叶片数大于弱光下的树苗,而荷木则相反．如果以全光下单株树苗干物质量为100％,那么在相对光照为40％和16％下生长的马尾松、黄果厚壳桂、荷木和藜蒴单株树苗的干物质量分别为57．4％和32．7％、73．8％和62．1％、78．0％和78．6％、93．9％和76．2％．不同光强下的藜蒴、荷木地上部分干物质量的变化不大,地下部分则随光照的减弱而下降,马尾松、黄果厚壳桂无论地上还是地下部分干物质量均随光强的减弱而明显减少．遮光下生长的3个阔叶树种树苗的冠根比（CRR）、叶重比（LWR）、叶面积比（LAR）和比叶面积（SLA）均高于全光下的树苗．马尾松为喜光树种,对阴生环境的适应能力极为有限;黄果厚壳桂为耐阴树种,在全光下仍然比遮光条件下生长较快．     

转C4光合酶基因水稻的CO2交换和荧光特性

用转PEPC、PPDK、NADP-ME、PEPC+PPDK酶基因水稻(Oryza sativa L.)及原种为材料 ,研究了光合作用对光照、温度、CO2的响应和光抑制条件下的叶绿素荧光特性,结果如下: 1.转C4光合酶基因水稻的饱和光合速率比原种高,其中转PEPC、PEPC+PPDK双基因水稻的光饱和点比原种高200 μmol*m-2*s-1,饱和光合速率比原种分别高51.6%和 58.5%;转PEPC基因水稻的羧化效率比原种高49.3%,CO2补偿点降低26.2%;在高温(35 ℃)下,转PEPC基因水稻的光合速率比原种高17.5%.2.经光抑制处理8 d后,转PEPC、PEPC +PPDK酶基因水稻的PSⅡ光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和光化学猝灭(qP)下降20%- 30%,非光化学猝灭(qN)增加了约30%;但原种的Fv/Fm和qP下降了5 0%多,qN变化不明显,表明转C4光合基因水稻耐光抑制能力增强.这些结果为用生物技术提高水稻光合效率研究提供了新的依据和途径.     

Photochemical Efficiency of PSⅡand Membrane Lipid Peroxidation in Leaves of indica and japonica Rice (Oryza sativa) Under Chilling Temperature and Strong Light Stress Conditions

Relationships between fluorescence parameters and membrane lipid peroxidation in leaves of indica and japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) during later growth stage were studied under chilling temperature and strong light stress conditions. Results showed that D1 protein contents of PSⅡ in photosynthetic app aratus dropped, the generation of antheraxanthin (A) and zeaxanthin (Z)of xanthophyll cycle were inhibited partly, PSⅡ photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm）and non photochemical quenching (qN) were also decreased obviously. In addition, endogenous active oxygen scavenger—superoxide dismutase (SOD) reduced, superoxide anion radical (O[SX(B-*3)-[]·[SX]]2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated, as a result, photooxidation of leaves occurred under chilling temperature and strong light stress conditions. Obvious differences in the changes of the above mentioned physiological parameters between indica and japonica rice were observed. Experiments in leaves treated with inhibitors under chilling temperature and strong light conditions showed that indica rice was more sensitive to chilling temperature with strong light and subjected to photooxidation more than japonica rice. Notable positive correlation between D1 protein contents and Fv/Fm or (A+Z)/(A+Z+V), and a marked negative correlation between Fv/Fm and MDA contents were obtained by regression analysis in indica and japonica rice during chilling temperature and strong light conditions. According to the facts mentioned above, it was inferred that PSⅡ photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm） was the key index to forecast for the prediction of photooxidation under stress circumstances and the physiological basis were the synthetic capacity of D1 protein and the protection of xanthophyll cycle.     

Photochemical efficiency of adult and young leaves of the neotropical understory shrub Psychotria limonensis (Rubiaceae) in response to changes in the light environment

We explored the short-term adjustment in photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) in adult and young leaves of the understory neotropical shrub Psychotria limonensis Krause (Rubiaceae) in response to rapid changes in the light environment. Leaves were collected from 20 individual plants growing under sun and shade conditions on Gigante Peninsula, Barro Colorado Natural Monument (Republic of Panama), during the wet season of 1996. Leaves were distributed in four sequences of light treatments (AB leaves were expanded under sun and were transferred to shade, BA leaves experienced the opposite transfer, and the controls AA and BB leaves that were expanded and maintained under sun or shade conditions). Adult and young leaves did not differ in overall photochemical efficiency. Instead, differences were found among light environments, for which leaves transferred from shade to sun showed the lowest Fv/Fm ratios. There was no relationship between photochemical efficiency and leaf temperature. In P. limonensis, understory plants are susceptible of photoinhibition independently of the leaf ontogenetic stage. The approach utilized in this experiment allowed the rapid exploration of this capacity, and could be applied to poorly studied understory species.     

热带雨林冠层树种绒毛番龙眼两种发育阶段叶片的光抑制

 通过测定西双版纳热带雨林冠层树种绒毛番龙眼(Pometia tomentosa)完全伸展嫩叶和成熟叶的叶片解剖、生理特征和雨季晴天自然条件下叶绿素a荧光以及午间强光对部分保护酶活性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响,探讨了两种不同发育阶段叶片光合作用的光抑制与强光和温度的关系。结果表明：绒毛番龙眼全展嫩叶和成熟叶表现出明显的解剖和生理特征差异。与全展嫩叶相比,成熟叶的叶片较厚、叶绿素含量高、气孔导度大、羧化效率高、最大净光合速率和光饱和点高,而气孔密度和保卫细胞长度没有显著差别。在雨季晴天自然条件下,午间最高光强可达2 200 μmol·m-2·s-1以上,最高叶温比气温高7～8 ℃,而成熟叶片的最高温度比全展嫩叶高1.5～2 ℃。上午随光强的增大,两种叶片的非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）增大,PSⅡ原初光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率［(Fm′_Fs)/Fm′］逐渐减小,在15∶30左右达最小。下午随着光强的减弱,Fv/Fm逐渐恢复,在傍晚基本恢复到清晨值。初始荧光(F0)在一天中变化很小。这表明绒毛番龙眼叶片光抑制是非辐射能量耗散增加引起的保护光合机构免受光破坏的保护性反应,而非光破坏。全展嫩叶比成熟叶有较低的光化学效率和非辐射耗散能力,对强光和高温处理的敏感性也较强,但在自然条件下一天中的光抑制程度与成熟叶没有显著差别。田间午间强光导致两种叶片的保护酶活性(超氧化物歧化酶,SOD;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶,APX)升高,而H2O2含量变化较小。其中,全展嫩叶的保护酶活性高,丙二醛(MDA)含量低。这表明自然条件下,与成熟叶相比,绒毛番龙眼全展嫩叶通过较低的光能利用效率、较低的叶温和高的保护酶活性减轻了强光高温的光抑制程度。     

Nondestructive evaluation of the photosynthetic properties of micropropagated plantlets by imaging photochemical reflectance index under low light intensity

The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) of micropropagated potato leaves was estimated nondestructively from outside the culture vessel using a PRI imaging system developed by the present group. The PRI was determined under low light intensity conditions after dark treatment and compared with the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm, which denotes photosystem II maximum quantum yield. Short-term high-light treatment decreased Fv/Fm of the plantlets. Culture conditions such as temperature and sucrose concentration also affected Fv/Fm. A linear relationship between the PRI and Fv/Fm was observed in both cases of high-light treatment and different culture conditions, suggesting the potential of the PRI to be used as a substitute for Fv/Fm. PRI estimated from reflection images under low light intensity conditions may be used for rapid and noninvasive evaluation of photosynthetic properties of micropropagated plantlets in a similar manner to Fv/Fm.     

不同品种美国山核桃叶绿素荧光参数日变化的研究

以湖南省永州市冷水滩采穗圃中的美国山核桃为试材,研究了叶绿素荧光参数的日变化规律。结果表明:初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSII原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、光合量子产额(Yield)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)和表观电子传递速率(ETR)均存在着明显的日变化。其中Fv/Fm、Fm、Yield、qP均呈先下降后上升的趋势,在中午强光下降低到最低值;qN则呈先上升后下降的趋势,在中午时分达到峰值;Fo呈下降趋势,部分品种傍晚稍有回升,但仍比早晨低;ETR日变化呈双峰曲线。不同品种间Fv/Fm、Yield、ETR、qP、qN对光强和温度的响应也存在着明显差异,可作为鉴定品种耐光抑制能力大小的指标。     

珍稀树种红花玉兰在华北地区的最适光环境

珍稀树种红花玉兰对其华南原产地的自然环境有良好的适应性, 但在华北地区却生长不良。通过对红花玉兰在华北地区一个生长季内对三种光照水平(100%、70%、40%全光照)的光合和生长响应分析, 结果表明:在70%全光照条件下, 红花玉兰幼苗的净光合速率、光饱和点、株高、基径、根生物量和茎生物量均达到最高水平。随着光照强度的减弱, 暗呼吸速率、光补偿点、比叶重量、叶片厚度和密度显著降低, 表观量子效率、最大荧光Fm、可变荧光Fv、Fm/Fo(Fo为初始荧光)、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、叶绿素含量、叶面积和叶柄角度均显著增大。说明70%全光照最适于一年生红花玉兰幼苗在华北地区的生长, 全光照和40%全光照条件下幼苗则因光量的过剩和不足而生长不良。因此建议将红花玉兰栽植在林缘或林窗地带, 可为这一珍稀濒危树种在华北地区的引种提供有利的适生光照环境。     

高温胁迫对柑橘光合速率和光系统Ⅱ活性的影响

用红外CO2分析仪和叶绿素荧光仪测定了温州蜜柑和脐橙叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、初始荧光(Fo)、最大光能转换效率(Fv／Fm)及电子传递速率(ETR)．结果表明,与常温(25℃)相比,高温胁迫(38～40℃)使温州蜜柑和脐橙叶片的Pn、Fv／Fm及ETR下降,Fo升高．胁迫25d后温州蜜柑和脐橙叶片的Pn分别下降55．6％和39．8％．Fv／Fm下降22．0％和6．7％,ETR下降55．0％和41．5％,Fo分别上升了113．8％和14．9％．柑橘经高温胁迫后,在25℃下处理10d,叶片的Pn、Fv／Fm、Fo及ETR恢复明显．这些结果说明柑橘的光合速率下降与PSⅡ反应中心失活有关．     

干旱和复水对草莓叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响

采用日本丰香草莓(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.cv.Toyonoka)品种进行实验,研究干旱和复水对其叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,草莓叶片的最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Yield)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)都随干旱胁迫的加剧而下降。干旱胁迫14d后,不同处理组草莓叶片的叶绿素荧光参数存在着显著的差异(P0.05)。复水后,低度胁迫和中度胁迫处理组能较快地恢复到正常水平,但重度胁迫组与对照组存在着显著的差异(P0.05)。     

Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Photosynthesis of Seedlings of Two Woody Species in a Subtropical Forest

Photosynthetic response of seedlings of two evergreen trees dorminant in a subtropical forest to long-term elevated CO2 were studied. Pot seedlings of Castanopsis fissa (Champ.) Rehd. et Wils. and Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. were grown in semi-open chambers with ambient (350 μL · L-1) CO2 concentration under natural light from June to September, 1993. Net photosynthetic rate of the plants exposed to elevated CO2 increased by 79%～95% than that of the plants in ambient CO2 atmosphere. But no significant difference was observed when measurement was done at either CO2 concentration, 350 μL · L-1 or 500 μL · L-1 The Ph-CO2 concen/ration response curves of plants growing in elevated CO2 were higher than that of plants growing in ambient (350μL · L-1 CO2). In addition, the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents dropped slightly and stomatal conductance decreased obviously under elevated atmospheric CO2, while the ratios of chlorophyll a to b and carotenoid to chlorophyll were unaltered. The results indicated that downward acclimation of phetosynthesis did not appear in both plant species when they were grown under prolonged exposure to high (500 μL · L-1) atmospheric CO2.