重庆三峡库区柑橘硼营养状况及其影响因子

为了解重庆三峡库区柑橘叶片硼营养状况及其影响因子,在该区域12个主产县(区)的代表性果园采集叶片样品954份和土壤样品302份,测定叶片硼含量,并分析了土壤有效硼、土壤pH值、品种、砧木和树龄对叶片硼营养的影响.结果表明: 该区域柑橘叶片硼含量不足(<35 mg·kg^-1)的果园比例达41.6%,土壤有效硼含量不足(<0.5 mg·kg^-1)的果园比例高达89.4%,柑橘叶片硼含量与土壤有效硼含量的相关性未达显著水平.土壤pH值、品种、砧木和树龄均影响叶片硼含量.pH值4.5～6.4土壤上的柑橘叶片硼含量显著高于pH值6.5～8.5土壤上的柑橘;品种间叶片硼含量为:温州蜜柑>柚类>夏橙>普通甜橙>杂柑>脐橙;枳砧和酸柚砧柑橘叶片硼含量显著高于枳橙砧和红橘砧柑橘;3～8年生柑橘树叶片硼含量适宜(35～100 mg·kg^-1)样品比例比8年生以上柑橘树高6.6%.     

施硼对番木瓜幼龄株硼形态含量及叶片光合作用的影响

探讨根外喷硼与土壤施硼对植株硼形态含量及叶片光合作用的影响。结果表明,两种供硼方式均可增加植株叶片、叶柄及根的硼形态含量及硼总量,其中以叶片水溶态硼、半束缚态硼及硼总量的增加最为显著。植株硼含量增加提高了叶片净光合速率,但硼过量却抑制了叶片光合能力的提升,而硼中毒导致光合能力显著下降。     

桂北丰水梨园土壤养分与叶片营养的相关性分析

选取桂北地区有生理异常现象发生的丰水梨园,以成年结果树为研究对象,通过检测年生长周期内梨树叶片矿质营养元素、土壤养分的含量,分析不同时期梨树叶片营养元素和土壤养分含量及其动态变化规律,探讨年生长季内叶片营养与土壤养分之间的相关关系。结果表明:(1)在生长季节内,丰水梨叶片中N、P、K含量丰富;营养元素含量随时间的变化幅度均为P最大,N、K较小,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。(2)梨园土壤中有机质、水解性N含量丰富,有效P、速效K含量普遍偏高;年生长周期内土壤速效N、P、K含量随时间的推移变化较大,均达显著水平(P<0.05),而有机质含量则相对稳定。(3)梨树叶片N含量与土壤有机质、水解性N、有效P、速效K含量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05);叶片P和K含量与土壤水解性N含量分别呈显著负相关和正相关关系(P<0.05),而与土壤有机质、有效P、速效K相关关系不明显。     

The FeoC Protein Leads to High Cellular Levels of the Fe(II) Transporter FeoB by Preventing FtsH Protease Regulation of FeoB in Salmonella enterica

In the gammaproteobacteria, the FeoA, FeoB, and FeoC proteins constitute the Feo system, which mediates ferrous iron [Fe(II)] import. Of these Feo proteins, FeoB is an inner membrane Fe(II) transporter that is aided by the small protein FeoA. However, the role of another small protein, FeoC, has remained unknown. Here we report that the FeoC protein is necessary for FeoB protein-mediated Fe(II) uptake in Salmonella experiencing low levels of oxygen and iron. The FeoC protein was found to directly bind to the FeoB transporter, leading to high cellular levels of FeoB. Depletion of the FtsH protease enabled high levels of FeoB in the absence of FeoC, suggesting that the FeoC protein protects the FeoB transporter from FtsH-mediated proteolysis. Our present study provides a singular example of bacteria that can control expression of iron uptake systems posttranslationally by employing a small iron transporter-binding protein.     

喀纳斯天然林乔灌草叶片及土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征

研究森林植被与土壤碳(C)氮(N)磷(P)化学计量关系是理解生态系统各组分的相互作用和探究植物的生长状况及生态适应性的关键。阿尔泰山天然林是我国北方典型的泰加林,在区域水汽、养分循环和多样性维持等方面发挥了重要作用。以喀纳斯天然林30种乔灌草植物及其生境为对象,运用方差分析、相关分析、冗余分析等方法研究植物叶片及土壤的化学计量特征及其相互关系,揭示喀纳斯天然林乔木、灌木和草本环境适应性的异同。结果显示：30种植物叶片C、N、P的平均含量分别为496.66 g/kg、23.87 g/kg、3.67 g/kg;叶片C∶N、C∶P、N∶P分别为26.52、160.91、6.74。不同生活型植物叶片C、N、P含量及其计量比间显著差异。其中C含量大小顺序为乔木>灌木>草本(P<0.05),N含量大小顺序为草本>灌木>乔木(P<0.05),灌木和草本之间叶片P含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于乔木叶片P含量(P<0.05)。叶片C∶N和C∶P大小顺序均为乔木>灌木>草本(P<0.05),乔木和灌木叶片N∶P不存在显著差异(...     

黄土高原森林草原区退耕地植被自然恢复与土壤养分变化

研究了黄土高原森林草原区退耕地植被自然恢复过程与土壤养分变化.结果表明,在显域生境下,植被自然演替过程虽然趋向于该区原有植物群落类型,但经过40～0年的时间,仍未形成灌丛或稀树等群落,分布较多的仍是长芒草、铁杆蒿、白羊草、大针茅和达乌里胡枝子等群落类型.从植被恢复时间对土壤养分变化的影响来看,除全P外(P＞0.0),有机质、全N、速效氮、速效钾的变化极显著(P＜0.001),速效磷变化较显著(0.0＜P＜0.01),并随植被恢复时间的延长而呈增加趋势.除恢复时间外,养分含量变化也随土壤剖面深度而变化,其中除全P含量变化较显著外(P＜0.0),其余各养分含量变化都达极显著水平(P＜0.001).土壤养分变化具有明显的表聚性.相关分析表明,土壤有机质、全N、有效氮与速效钾相互间相关极显著(P＜0.001),而与全P与速效磷相关性不明显(P＞0.0),全P与速效磷二者相关性也不明显(P＞0.0).     

草甸棕壤水稻田磷酸酶活性及对施肥措施的响应

1　引　　言土壤有机磷是一种重要的土壤磷素资源 .我国大部分土壤中有机磷占土壤全磷的 2 0 %～ 50 % ,但在森林和草原植被下的土壤可占到 50 %～ 80 % [9].土壤磷酸酶活性直接影响到有机磷库的利用 ,即磷酸酶活性是衡量土壤肥力 ,尤其是土壤有效磷水平的一个重要参考指标[15 ].土壤磷酸酶(Phosphatases)是催化含磷有机酯和酐水解的一类酶的总称 ,其活性高低直接影响着土壤中有机磷的分解转化及其生物有效性 .其中 ,磷酸单酯酶 (酸性、中性、碱性磷酸酶 )活性一直是土壤磷酸酶研究的重点[18].由于土壤中有机磷化合物的复杂性 ,除了磷酸单…     

人参皂苷与生态因子的相关性

环境条件影响中药材活性成分的形成和积累.利用各种数学统计分析方法探讨影响人参皂苷积累的生态因子,提高人参品质.人参样品采自人参道地产区(主产区)吉林、辽宁、黑龙江三省5年生栽培人参,同时采集采样点处的土壤样品.超高效液相(UPLC)色谱法分析了不同产区9种人参皂苷(Rg1、Re、Rf、Rg2、Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rb3、Rd)的含量;利用“中药材产地适宜性分析地理信息系统”的生态因子空间数据库,获得采样区包括温度、水分、光照等10个生态因子数据;按土壤理化性质常规方法测定土壤样品中的有效硼、有效铁等微量元素和速效氮、速效钾等有效养分.对人参有效成分含量与土壤养分进行典型相关性分析发现,土壤中的有效硼、有效铁、速效氮与人参皂苷含量呈显著正相关,即适当提高土壤中有效硼、有效铁和速效氮的含量可以促进人参皂苷成分的积累,土壤水分与所测人参皂苷含量(Rb3除外)呈显著正相关,速效磷(P)、pH、速效锌(Zn)与各人参皂苷含量呈弱相关;人参皂苷与气候因子相关分析表明,温度(年活动积温、年平均气温、7月最高气温、7月平均气温、1月最低气温、1月平均气温)与人参皂苷含量呈显著负相关,其中与药典中人参含量测定项下的人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1负相关尤为显著(r＞0.6),说明在一定温度范围内,人参皂苷是随着温度的降低而升高的,即适当低温有利于人参皂苷有效成分的积累;海拔与人参皂苷Rc、Rb2、Rb3含量呈显著正相关(r＞0.6),即相对较高的海拔可以促进这3种成分的积累;而年均降水量、年相对湿度和年均日照时数与人参皂苷相关不显著.通过主成分分析(PCA)、典型相关分析、排序等统计方法,考察不同产地样品中人参皂苷含量与生态因子间的相关性,研究结果揭示了温度在人参的主要活性成分-皂苷类形成中起决定性作用,在一定的温度范围内,温度越低越有利于人参皂苷的积累;阐明了土壤中的有效硼、有效铁、速效氮与人参皂苷含量成正相关.研究结果提示在人参实践生产中可以通过适当低温处理,增施硼、铁、氮肥等农艺措施来调控人参皂苷含量.     

基于主成分分析的古树土壤肥力综合评价

以广州市海珠区登记在册的40株古树为研究对象,调查其生长状况,采集土壤测定pH、EC值、容重、通气度、有机质、全N、全P、全K、水解N、有效P、速效K含量等11项理化指标,采用主成分分析和聚类分析对古树土壤肥力进行综合评价.结果表明:海珠区大多数古树土壤EC值偏低(<0.35 mS·cm-1),表现为强变异;土壤有机质...     

锌硼营养对苦瓜产量品质与叶片多胺、激素及衰老的影响

采用田间试验、植株生理生化测定方法,研究了锌硼营养对苦瓜(株洲长白)产量品质与叶片多胺、激素及衰老的影响。结果表明,在锌硼缺乏的土壤中施用硫酸锌和硼砂均可提高苦瓜产量,并可提高苦瓜蛋白质、Vc和17种氨基酸含量,尤其是人体必需氨基酸含量,降低NO3^-含量,改善苦瓜品质。这与锌硼提高了叶片多胺(PAs)、腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)、精胺(Spm)、抗坏血酸(ASA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶的活性,减少脱落酸(ABA)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,从而抑制膜脂过氧化有关试验结果同时表明苦瓜产量与叶片PAs、Put、Spd、Spm、GA3、SOD、POD、CAT呈极显著正相关,与叶片MDA与ABA含量呈极显著负相关。叶片MDA含量与ABA呈极显著正相关,而与PAs、Put、Spd、Spm、ASA、IAA、CA3、SOD、POD、CAT呈极显著负相关。     

Improving performance of olive trees by the enhancement of key physiological parameters of olive leaves in response to foliar fertilization

Most of the studies investigated the effects of nutrient-based fertilizers on olive fruits and oil quality; few studies have been interested in the modification of the chemical composition of olive leaves in response to fertilization. Thus, the current study aims to examine the effects of foliar fertilization on the mineral profile of olive leaves as well as the concentrations of chlorophyll, antioxidants (phenolic compounds) and carbohydrates. Experimentation consists of the annual application of six treatments during two successive growing seasons (2009–2010): TC (untreated trees), P1 (nitrogen-based fertilizer), P2 (contains boron, magnesium and manganese), P3 (phosphorus and potassium based fertilizer), P4 (rich in calcium and phosphorus), T5 (P1 and P2 application) and T6 (P1, P2, P3 and P4 application). At the end of the experiment, mineral analysis of olive leaves showed an increase in the concentrations of most nutrients which induced changes in biochemical composition: an increase of chlorophyll content, a reduction of total phenols and oleuropein concentrations coupled with an increase of hydroxytyrosol level. Moreover, an increase of total sugar content and most individual sugars, principally translocated forms of sugars (mannitol, sucrose and raffinose), was also observed. The accumulation of these key physiological parameters by foliar fertilization suggests an improvement of physiological performance and photosynthetic capacity of olive trees. Moreover, from a biological point of view, the results of the study revealed the possibility to improve plants of medicinal interest by enhancing the accumulation of some bio-active compounds, such as hydroxytyrosol and mannitol, via foliar nutrient supply.     

Trace metal biomonitoring in the soil and the leaves ofQuercus ilex in the urban area of Naples

The concentrations of Pb, Cu, Fe, and Mn were analyzed in surface deposit and tissue ofQuercus ilex leaves from several sites of the urban area of Naples, exposed to different degrees of air pollution. These included some major roads with heavy traffic loads, squares, and three urban parks. The soil from the trunk base area ofQ. ilex trees in the same sites was also analyzed for total and available metal contents. Pb, Cu, and Fe contents in the surface deposit and leaf tissue were significantly higher (p<0.01) in leaves from roadside sites than in leaves from parks; significant correlations were found between deposit- and tissue-contents of Pb, Cu, and Fe. Mn content in leaves from roadside sites and in leaves from parks were similar and Mn content in the leaf deposit was irrelevant. Significant differences (p<0.001) in both total and available Pb and Cu soil content were found between sampling sites. Also for available Fe and Mn soil content differences among sites were relevant, although the highest values were measured in soil from urban parks. A positive correlation between leaf and soil metal content was found only for Pb, thus suggesting that trace metal contents of leaves directly depend on atmospheric depositions. Seasonal variations of Pb, Cu, and Fe were pronounced at a polluted site, whereas no relevant seasonal variation was observed at a control site; moreover, metal accumulation was high at the polluted site. Mn content and seasonal dynamics were comparable at control and polluted sites.     

Effect of annual variation in soil pH on available soil nutrients in pear orchards

Soil pH is an important factor affecting the availability of soil nutrients that impact plant growth. Given the susceptibility of soil pH to excessive fertilization and the widespread use of manures, it is essential to examine the influence of soil pH on the distribution and availability of soil nutrients. We sampled and analyzed brown soils from pear orchards in thirteen towns in Wendeng county. Samples were obtained from areas along or between rows of trees at specified distances and depths. The results showed that the soil pH fluctuated from 4.06 to 6.59 in October 2008 and from 4.24 to 7.57 in April 2009. The quantity of soil samples with pH below 5.50 increased by 34.6%. Analysis of the soil pH for samples obtained along the rows of trees showed that the pH decreased as the depth increased (except for the range 5.5 to 6.0); soil pH in the samples obtained between the rows of trees demonstrated different trends. The average organic matter (O.M.) content as well as the N (NH₄⁺) and available P, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn contents in the samples collected in October 2008 were higher than those observed in April 2009. Conversely, the values for other available nutrients were lower than those in the samples collected in April 2009. The available nutrients and organic matter (O.M.) content in different pH ranges varied. The soil pH was significantly or very significantly correlated with N (NH₄⁺ and NO₃^-), available K, Cu, Fe, and exchangeable Ca for the October 2008 samples, while a significant or very significant correlation existed between N (NH₄⁺), available P, Zn, exchangeable Ca, and exchangeable Mg for the April 2009 samples. The correlations between soil pH and the amounts of available nutrients and organic matter (O.M.) along the rows of trees in September 2009 were nearly consistent with those between the rows.     

Effect of annual variation in soil pH on available soil nutrients in pear orchards

Soil pH is an important factor affecting the availability of soil nutrients that impact plant growth. Given the susceptibility of soil pH to excessive fertilization and the widespread use of manures, it is essential to examine the influence of soil pH on the distribution and availability of soil nutrients. We sampled and analyzed brown soils from pear orchards in thirteen towns in Wendeng county. Samples were obtained from areas along or between rows of trees at specified distances and depths. The results showed that the soil pH fluctuated from 4.06 to 6.59 in October 2008 and from 4.24 to 7.57 in April 2009. The quantity of soil samples with pH below 5.50 increased by 34.6%. Analysis of the soil pH for samples obtained along the rows of trees showed that the pH decreased as the depth increased (except for the range 5.5 to 6.0); soil pH in the samples obtained between the rows of trees demonstrated different trends. The average organic matter (O.M.) content as well as the N (NH₄⁺) and available P, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn contents in the samples collected in October 2008 were higher than those observed in April 2009. Conversely, the values for other available nutrients were lower than those in the samples collected in April 2009. The available nutrients and organic matter (O.M.) content in different pH ranges varied. The soil pH was significantly or very significantly correlated with N (NH₄⁺ and NO₃^-), available K, Cu, Fe, and exchangeable Ca for the October 2008 samples, while a significant or very significant correlation existed between N (NH₄⁺), available P, Zn, exchangeable Ca, and exchangeable Mg for the April 2009 samples. The correlations between soil pH and the amounts of available nutrients and organic matter (O.M.) along the rows of trees in September 2009 were nearly consistent with those between the rows.     

Phenolic and phenolic-related factors as determinants of suitability of mountain birch leaves to an herbivorous insect

We investigated the role of phenolic and phenolic-related traits of the leaves of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) as determinants of their suitability for the growth of larvae of the geometrid Epirrita autumnata. As parameters of leaf suitability, we determined the contents of total phenolics, gallotannins, soluble and cell-wall-bound proanthocyanidins (PAS and PAB, respectively), lignin, protein precipitation capacity of tannins (PPC), and leaf toughness. In addition, we examined concentrations of soluble carbohydrates and protein-bound amino acids as background variables describing the nutritive value of leaves. The correlation of the leaf traits of our 40 study trees with the tree-specific relative growth rate (RGR) of E. autumnata showed that the only significant correlation with RGR was that of PAS - the largest fraction of total phenolics - and even that explained only 15% of the variation in E. autumnata growth. The nonlinear estimation of the relationship between RGR and PAS by piecewise linear regression divided the 40 study trees into two groups: (i) 19 trees with good leaves for E. autumnata (RGR ranging from 0.301 to 0.390), and (ii) 21 trees with poor leaves (RGR ranging from 0.196 to 0.296). The suitability of leaves within these two groups of trees was determined by different phenolic traits. Within the good group, the suitability of leaves for larvae was determined by the PPC of extracts, which strongly correlated with gallotannins, and by the total content of gallotannins. In contrast, the leaves of poor trees had significantly higher contents of both PAS and PAB, but leaf toughness correlated only negatively with the RGR of E. autumnata larvae. We also discuss the causes of variation in the phenolic and phenolic-related factors that determine the suitability of leaves for E. autumnata larvae in different groups of trees.     

Phosphorus characteristics correlate with soil fertility of albic luvisols

The information on phosphorus (P) characteristics of albic luvisols and their effect on plant P uptake is limited. Twelve soils representing typical albic luvisols were collected from farmland of four regions in northeast China, each with various levels of soil fertility. Phosphorus fractions, P adsorption and P supply capacity of the soils were analysed and were correlated with soil fertility and plant P nutrition. Total P in these soils ranged from 0.62–0.91 g kg^–1, and comprised 37–51% organic P, and 49–63% in inorganic forms among which the percentage of occluded P was the greatest, followed by Fe-P, Ca-P, Al-P and loosely bound P was the lowest (<1%). Whereas the % of organic P was not clearly affected by fertility, the % of occluded P increased with fertility. By contrast, both % and contents of other P forms decreased with decreasing soil fertility. Soil P adsorption maxima calculated from Langmuir isotherm ranged from 484 to 912 mg kg^–1. Soils with low fertility had the strongest P adsorption, and those with medium fertility had the weakest in all collection regions. The supply capacity of P was positively related to soil fertility. Plant growth correlated positively with P forms with available P correlating best, followed by Fe-P and P supply capacity. Organic C correlated with available P, Fe-P, total P, Al-P and P supply capacity but not with organic P. The results suggest that though the albic luvisols contained high total P, they had low P availability, and P application is required for optimal crop production on these soils.     

A general protocol for the expression and purification of the intact transmembrane transporter FeoB

Ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) transport is an essential process that supports the growth, intracellular survival, and virulence of several drug-resistant pathogens, and the ferrous iron transport (Feo) system is the most important and widespread protein complex that mediates Fe²⁺ transport in these organisms. The Feo system canonically comprises three proteins (FeoA/B/C). FeoA and FeoC are both small, accessory proteins localized to the cytoplasm, and their roles in the Fe²⁺ transport process have been of great debate. FeoB is the only wholly-conserved component of the Feo system and serves as the inner membrane-embedded Fe²⁺ transporter with a soluble G-protein-like N-terminal domain. In vivo studies have underscored the importance of Feo during infection, emphasizing the need to better understand Feo-mediated Fe²⁺ uptake, although a paucity of research exists on intact FeoB. To surmount this problem, we designed an overproduction and purification system that can be applied generally to a suite of intact FeoBs from several organisms. Importantly, we noted that FeoB is extremely sensitive to excess salt while in the membrane of a recombinant host, and we designed a workflow to circumvent this issue. We also demonstrated effective protein extraction from the lipid bilayer through small-scale solubilization studies. We then applied this approach to the large-scale purifications of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa FeoBs to high purity and homogeneity. Lastly, we show that our protocol can be generally applied to various FeoB proteins. Thus, this workflow allows for isolation of suitable quantities of FeoB for future biochemical and biophysical characterization.     

皖北地区土壤中不同形态氟含量及其影响因素

以皖北地区广泛分布的潮土、砂姜黑土、水稻土等为材料,采用连续化学提取的方法,研究了土壤中不同形态氟的含量、土体分布以及土壤氟形态与土壤理化性质的关系·结果表明:皖北地区土壤全氟含量为265·8～612·8mg·kg-1,平均含量为423·7mg·kg-1,土壤全氟含量高低排序为菜园土>潮土>水稻土>砂姜黑土>黄棕壤,菜地土壤存在氟积累现象.土壤氟主要以残余态氟形式存在,占土壤全氟的95%以上;其次为水溶态氟,占土壤全氟的1·5%左右;有机态氟、铁锰氧化物态氟和交换态氟含量均较少.28个土壤样本的水溶态氟含量范围为1·35～17·98mg·kg-1,平均含量为6·62mg·kg-1,含量较低的是硅质黄棕壤,含量较高的是菜地土壤、潮土和砂姜黑土.土壤水溶态氟含量与土壤pH和土壤有效磷含量呈极显著正相关,与土壤全磷含量呈显著正相关;土壤交换态氟与土壤物理性粘粒和小于0·001mm土粒含量呈极显著正相关;铁锰结合态氟与土壤全磷含量呈显著正相关;有机态氟与土壤有机质含量呈极显著正相关.对土壤氟形态与土壤性质的逐步回归表明,土壤pH,有效磷、有机质、全磷和物理性粘粒含量是影响土壤氟形态分布的主要因素,其中,土壤pH的影响最大.土壤水溶态氟含量与土壤母质有关,在浅湖沼相沉积物上形成的土壤水溶态氟含量最高,平均含量为9·05mg·kg-1;其次为在黄河冲积物上形成的土壤,平均含量为8·12mg·kg-1;在晚更新世黄土母质上形成的土壤水溶态氟平均含量为2·97mg·kg-1;在淮河冲积物上形成的土壤和轻质黄棕壤水溶态氟含量分别为2·05和1·91mg·kg-1.在土体中,土壤有机态氟和铁锰氧化物态氟含量随土层深度增加而减少,菜地土壤上部土层的全氟和水溶态氟含量均高于底土.     

茶园土壤及与茶叶中微量元素锌硒含量相关性的研究

植物生长的环境适应及其内含物质功能和变化规律的研究已成为热点问题。该研究对贵州省地标品牌湄潭翠芽、凤冈锌硒茶4个样地12个样点茶园土壤及其对应种植点茶叶样品中锌硒含量变化进行了检测与分析。结果表明:(1)4个样地中,3个样地的锌含量都是原土高于种植土,而硒含量没有明显规律性变化;各主产区土壤锌硒含量的标准差均大于均值的5%,土质均匀度都较低;(2)4个样地新叶(一芽二叶)与老叶的锌含量都呈现显著差异,而硒在新叶和老叶中的含量差异无明显变化规律;(3)锌元素在茶树体内转移现象明显,由老叶向新叶中转移,新叶中含量较高;硒元素在新叶和老叶中的含量变化不明显。新叶中锌的含量与其0~20 cm表层土样和21~40 cm深层土样中锌的含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数为0.768;而新叶硒的含量与0~20 cm表层土中硒含量呈显著正相关(P0.05)。茶叶中锌硒主要是通过茶树根系从土壤中吸收和传输,但其吸收转移效率不由土壤中的含量多少直接决定,还受到茶园土壤质地、茶园温湿度等环境管控因素的影响,锌硒微量元素参与茶树体内的生理作用和代谢途径具有较大的差异。因此,进一步探索茶树吸收与转化锌硒微量元素的存在形态和作用机理,了解不同产区茶叶中微量元素锌硒含量与其茶园土壤的关系,对于生产适宜于人类身体健康适当锌硒含量的有机茶具有重要意义。     

温带荒漠灌丛和藓类结皮对土壤养分的贡献

灌丛与生物土壤结皮镶嵌分布是温带荒漠常见的地表景观之一,二者的发育均显著影响了地表土壤养分的空间分布特征及循环过程。然而,灌丛和生物土壤结皮对荒漠土壤表层养分的影响存在怎样的差异,二者对养分变化的贡献度如何尚不清楚。因此,选择中国北方典型温带荒漠古尔班通古特沙漠为研究区,以荒漠中的优势灌丛膜果麻黄(Ephedra przewalskii)灌丛和生物土壤结皮发育高级阶段的藓类结皮的结皮层及结皮下层土壤为研究对象,采集不同微生境(裸露地、灌丛下)的裸沙与藓类结皮的土壤样品。为探究不同微生境下不同土层碳、氮、磷和钾养分变化特征,测定了不同土层土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、速效氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)含量。结果表明:(1)相较于裸露地,灌丛显著提高了藓类结皮不同土层有机碳、全氮和全钾的含量和裸沙全磷的含量,降低了灌丛下藓类结皮土壤全磷的含量。(2)对于速效养分而言,与裸沙相比,裸露地藓类结皮覆盖降低了土壤速效氮含量,增加了速效磷和速效钾含量;而灌丛下藓类结皮覆盖提高了土壤速效氮和速效钾的含量,但降低了速效磷的含量。 (3) 相关性分析显示,在0-2 cm土壤中速效磷与速效氮呈现显著负相关,而在2-6 cm速效磷与速效氮呈现显著正相关(P<0.01)。(4)贡献度分析表明,土壤中灌丛效应对养分的贡献(42.54%)要远大于藓类结皮的贡献(2.43%),但二者交互作用却降低了除速效氮以外的其他土壤养分含量。综上,灌丛、藓类结皮覆盖和土层深度变化对土壤碳、氮、磷和钾养分均具有显著影响(P<0.05),但三者间的交互效应对养分的影响不显著(P>0.05)。相对于裸露地,灌丛与藓类结皮的覆盖均对表层土壤碳、氮、磷和钾养分具有促进作用,且随着土层深度的下降,土壤养分含量呈现显著的下降趋势(P<0.05)。因此,在荒漠生态系统中耐旱灌丛与生物土壤结皮这两个最重要的斑块单元联合调控了微尺度土壤养分的空间异质性变化。