絮凝颗粒粒度分布对自絮凝酵母SPSC01乙醇耐受能力的影响

利用激光聚焦反射式颗粒测量系统, 通过调节不同的搅拌速率, 得到了分批补料培养条件下粒度分布不同的四个絮凝酵母SPSC01颗粒群体, 进而对絮凝颗粒群体分布对乙醇耐受性进行了系统研究。经过6 h、20%乙醇的冲击, 颗粒粒度为100、200、300和400 mm的自絮凝酵母SPSC01的存活率分别为3.5%、26.7%、48.8%和37.6%。这表明不同粒度分布的絮凝颗粒群体乙醇耐受性具有明显差别, 在一定粒度范围内乙醇耐受性达到最高, 乙醇耐受性最高的酵母群体的乙醇得率系数85.5%, 比乙醇耐性最低的颗粒群体提高了7.2%。粒度为100、200和300 mm的自絮凝酵母颗粒群体总麦角固醇、游离麦角固醇及海藻糖含量与粒度大小成正相关, 但在粒度为400 mm的絮凝颗粒群体中总麦角固醇、游离麦角固醇及海藻糖含量呈下降趋势, 与其乙醇耐性低于300 mm絮凝颗粒的结果相一致。对细胞膜透性的研究表明, 颗粒粒度为300 mm的絮凝酵母颗粒细胞膜通透性(P′)最低, 分别仅为颗粒粒度为100 mm和200 mm颗粒群体的43%和52%, 表明粒度分布不同的絮凝颗粒群体乙醇耐性的差别与细胞膜透性密切相关。     

羽粉水解液用颗粒活性炭层析脱色吸附氨基酸的研究

本文分析测定了羽粉水解液在颗粒活性炭柱上层析脱色时柱前柱后液中的氨基酸含量。结果表明,颗粒活性炭在层析吸附羽粉水解液色素时对各种氨基酸都有不同程序的吸附,吸附的平均量为２６．５０％,尤其是对芳香族氨基酸,吸附量几乎为１００％。     

黄酒中酒液粒度与混浊沉淀的关系

对煎酒前后酒液品质进行了分析,并应用９０°光散射实验考查煎酒前后,储存阶段酒液平均粒度和酒液沉淀物的平均粒度,发现酒液中沉淀物的出现和酒液平均粒径的一定大小存在耦合,当酒液平均径达到一定水平,沉淀过程就逐渐开始。     

生物造粒流化床污水处理反应器的微生物多样性

为了研究生物造粒流化床污水处理反应器颗粒污泥的微生物种群多样性,分别从生物造粒流化床10、60和110cm处取颗粒污泥,通过细胞裂解直接提取颗粒污泥细菌基因组DNA,PCR扩增后经变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分离,获得微生物群落的DNA特征指纹图谱,对特征条带进行序列测定及序列同源性分析。16S rRNA序列分析表明,获得的18个OTUs均属于细菌域,其中61%属于变形菌,17%属于放线菌,11%属于低G C革兰氏阳性菌,11%属于其它未知细菌。     

阿莫西林微囊的制备及临床应用研究

目的:研究阿莫西林微囊的制备及临床应用。方法选取乙基纤维素作为包囊材料,使用液中干燥法对阿莫西林微囊进行制备,进而对微囊的含量、粒度分布以及临床应用进行研究。结果:利用液中干燥法制备阿莫西林微囊,其粒度分布在150um到850um之间,收率高达85%以上。结论:通过临床应用研究,阿莫西林微囊的缓释作用比阿莫西林粉末更为显著。     

生物造粒流化床微生物落结构及其动态变化

为了研究生物造粒流化床污水处理反应器颗粒污泥中微生物群落结构及其动态变化,分别从生物造粒流化床10、60、110cm处取颗粒污泥,通过细胞裂解直接提取颗粒污泥细菌基因组DNA。以细菌和古细菌16S rRNA基因通用引物530F/1490R,对活性污泥中提取的细菌基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,长约1kb的PCR扩增产物纯化后经变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分离,获得微生物群落的DNA特征指纹图谱。结果显示,生物造粒流化床反应器颗粒污泥中的微生物群落非常丰富,在10cm处微生物的种属达到23种,60cm处为21种,110cm处为20种;生物造粒流化床不同高度都有一些各自的特有种属和共有种属,反应器不同高度的微生物群落演替不明显,微生物群落相似性为83.1%,群落结构较为稳定。     

生物造粒流化床微生物群落结构及其动态变化

为了研究生物适粒流化床污水处理反应器颗粒污泥中微生物群落结构及其动态变化,分别从生物造粒流化床10、60、110 cm处取颗粒污泥,通过细胞裂解直接提取颗粒污泥细菌基因组DNA.以细菌和古细菌16S rRNA基因通用引物530F/1490R,对活性污泥中提取的细菌基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,长约1 kb的PCR扩增产物纯化后经变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分离,获得微生物群落的DNA特征指纹图谱.结果显示,生物造粒流化床反应器颗粒污泥中的微生物群落非常丰富,在10 cm处微生物的种属达到23种,60 cm处为21种,110 cm处为20种;生物造粒流化床不同高度都有一些各自的特有种属和共有种属,反应器不同高度的微生物群落演替不明显,微生物群落相似性为83.1%,群落结构较为稳定.     

离子色谱法检测食品中硼酸及硼酸盐

通过优化试验对离子色谱法检测食品中硼酸及硼酸盐的工艺进行了研究,探讨了取样量、超声提取时间、滤膜的选择、OnGuard RP柱和Ag柱的活化条件为：分析柱的选择、淋洗液的选择、进样体积和流速的选择,确定了离子色谱法检测食品中硼酸及硼酸盐的最佳检测条件,淋洗液：甲基磺酸（3mmol/L）/甘露醇（60mmol/L）;再生液：四甲基氢氧化铵（25mmol/L）/甘露醇（15mmol/L）;色谱柱：IonPac-borate分析柱,250*9mm或等效柱。检测器：电导检测器。抑制器：AMMS-ICE300,4mm微膜抑制器;柱温：25℃;流速：0.8mL/min;进样量：300μL。     

无膜颗粒与生物大分子液-液相分离:形成机制、生物功能及数据资源

为了保证细胞内各种生化反应和调控过程的有序进行,细胞内存在一系列隔室将不同的生物分子分隔开来。这其中除了有膜细胞器,还存在一类无膜细胞器或无膜颗粒,使得具有特定功能的蛋白质和核酸在不同无膜颗粒中聚集,保证相应生化过程在特定时空条件下高效进行。大量的研究证据表明,液-液相分离(liquid-liquid phase separation, LLPS)是介导胞内无膜颗粒凝聚形成的重要机制。本文首先围绕相分离介绍了胞内无膜颗粒的形成机制;进一步总结部分胞内无膜颗粒的功能,以及相分离在其行使生理功能时发挥的重要作用;最后总结相分离数据库及其所常采信的实验方法,期望通过对胞内无膜颗粒形成机制、生物功能及相分离数据资源的总结,为初入领域的科研工作者提供参考,并推进高通量方法在相关领域研究的应用与发展。     

固定化酵母细胞连续生产转化糖反应动力学的研究

利用海藻酸钠固定化面包酵母细胞,在搅拌罐和填充柱反应器内连续反应由蔗糖生产转化糖,对该过程的反应动力学研究结果表明;内,外传质阻力,转化酶活力、料液流量,搅拌速率和媒体半径对转化率有影响,本文给出了它们之间相互关系的数学表达式,本文还定义了阻力因子,动力因子及返混因子,并讨论了它们对转化效率所起的作用,给出了串联反应器操作的有关计算公式,测定了有关动力学参数,给出了料液流量控制,搅拌转速控制,媒体半径选择和最大转化率操作条件的计算方法,并在搅拌罐反应器、填充柱反应器和串联搅拌罐反应器中进行了实验和计算,从实验上验证了动力学理论研究结果。     

Effects of Simulated and Natural Sunlight on the Germination of Conidia of Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal and Interactions with Temperature

The effects of natural and simulated sunlight on conidia of Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal formulated in oil were investigated. The germination responses of conidia exposed to simulated sunlight usually followed an exponential pattern, but a cubic relationship was better in one instance when the conidia were allowed a longer time to germinate. Conidia exposed to natural sunlight in West Africa showed cubic relationships in their germination responses and greater inactivation/increment of ultraviolet (UV) dose compared with that from simulated sunlight. This was probably due to the greater intensity of UV irradiation compared with simulated sunlight, but an interaction with temperature occurs naturally in the field. Under laboratory and field conditions, UV light caused increasing levels of damage as the temperature rose; with simulated sunlight, UV levels that caused a 20% reduction in germination at 20 C caused an 80% reduction at 50 C.     

双碳源单细胞蛋白间歇培养及流加培养的动力学模型

应用非结构的逻辑增殖模型研究了两种酵母的单碳源和双碳源单细胞蛋白间歇培养的动力学,用改进的逻辑增殖模型研究了双碳源流加培养过程的动力学,从实验数据拟合了动力学模型参数,模型计算值与实验数据吻合良好。     

Low-dose photons modify liver response to simulated solar particle event protons

The health consequences of exposure to low-dose radiation combined with a solar particle event during space travel remain unresolved. The goal of this study was to determine whether protracted radiation exposure alters gene expression and oxidative burst capacity in the liver, an organ vital in many biological processes. C57BL/6 mice were whole-body irradiated with 2 Gy simulated solar particle event (SPE) protons over 36 h, both with and without pre-exposure to low-dose/low-dose-rate photons ((57)Co, 0.049 Gy total at 0.024 cGy/h). Livers were excised immediately after irradiation (day 0) or on day 21 thereafter for analysis of 84 oxidative stress-related genes using RT-PCR; genes up or down-regulated by more than twofold were noted. On day 0, genes with increased expression were: photons, none; simulated SPE, Id1; photons + simulated SPE, Bax, Id1, Snrp70. Down-regulated genes at this same time were: photons, Igfbp1; simulated SPE, Arnt2, Igfbp1, Il6, Lct, Mybl2, Ptx3. By day 21, a much greater effect was noted than on day 0. Exposure to photons + simulated SPE up-regulated completely different genes than those up-regulated after either photons or the simulated SPE alone (photons, Cstb; simulated SPE, Dctn2, Khsrp, Man2b1, Snrp70; photons + simulated SPE, Casp1, Col1a1, Hspcb, Il6st, Rpl28, Spnb2). There were many down-regulated genes in all irradiated groups on day 21 (photons, 13; simulated SPE, 16; photons + simulated SPE, 16), with very little overlap among groups. Oxygen radical production by liver phagocytes was significantly enhanced by photons on day 21. The results demonstrate that whole-body irradiation with low-dose-rate photons, as well as time after exposure, had a great impact on liver response to a simulated solar particle event.     

低压舱模拟飞行对于脑力负荷影响的初步探讨

目的：通过低压舱模拟飞行环境下被试人员生理指标的变化,探讨飞行员脑力负荷的变化规律。方法：21名男性志愿者参加低压舱模拟飞行的实验过程,座舱内的压力高度模拟2400米高空压力,持续时间1．5h,重复两次,中间出舱休息0．5h,检测指标为心率变异性（HRV）,心理运动测验以及NASA—TLX主观评定量表。结果：研究表明,NASA－TLX量表从主观感受上很好的反映了低压舱模拟飞行后脑力负荷的变化,HRV、心理运动测验也发生了相应的变化。结论：本研究结果提示低压舱模拟飞行所导致的脑力负荷变化是具有一定规律的,生理心理测验可能是测定变化规律的一种间接方法。     

模拟微重力环境对昆明小鼠早期胚胎体外发育的影响（简报）

In order to investigate the development of Kunming mouse preimplantation embryos cultured in vitro under simulated microgravtiy, one-cell and 4-cell embryos of Kunming mouse (Fertilization In Situ) were cultured in CZB or KSOM media under simulated microgravity or normal gravity environment respectively. The results showed that under normal gravity, the percentage of passing 2-cell development block embryos was not different in CZB with in KSOM, but the percentage of blastocysts was lower in CZB than that in KSOM significantly. The percentages of passing 2-cell development block embryos and blastocysts in CZB or KSOM were lower under simulated microgravity than those under normal gravity. It is suggested that the frequency of early embryonic lethality is possibly increased by simulated microgravity.     

模拟酸雨对番木瓜不同成熟度叶片膜脂过氧化作用的影响

用不同pH值(4．5、3．5、3．0、2．5)的模拟酸雨处理,研究其对番木瓜不同成熟度叶片细胞膜透性和膜 脂脂防酸组分变化的影响。结果表明,酸雨处理导致番木瓜叶片细胞膜透性、MDA含量、脂氧合酶(LOX)活 性和K+、Ca2+、Mg2+渗出量显著上升,膜脂肪酸组分中饱和脂肪酸含量增加,不饱和脂肪酸含量及不饱和指 数(IUFA)下降,嫩叶比成熟叶对酸雨的反应更敏感。运用生理指标差异达0．05显著水平评价酸雨对番木瓜 的影响阈值,嫩叶在pH3．5,成熟叶在pH3．0。     

Computation of hemodynamics in the left coronary artery with variable angulations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic effect of variations in the angulations of the left coronary artery, based on simulated and realistic coronary artery models. Twelve models consisting of four realistic and eight simulated coronary artery geometries were generated with the inclusion of left main stem, left anterior descending and left circumflex branches. The simulated models included various coronary artery angulations, namely, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°, 105° and 120°. The realistic coronary angulations were based on selected patient's data with angles ranging from narrow angles of 58° and 73° to wide angles of 110° and 120°. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed to simulate realistic physiological conditions that reflect the in vivo cardiac hemodynamics. The wall shear stress, wall shear stress gradient, velocity flow patterns and wall pressure were measured in simulated and realistic models during the cardiac cycle. Our results showed that a disturbed flow pattern was observed in models with wider angulations, and wall pressure was found to reduce when the flow changed from the left main stem to the bifurcated regions, based on simulated and realistic models. A low wall shear stress gradient was demonstrated at left bifurcations with wide angles. There is a direct correlation between coronary angulations and subsequent hemodynamic changes, based on realistic and simulated models. Further studies based on patients with different severities of coronary artery disease are required to verify our results.     

Surface transformation of bioactive glass in bioreactors simulating microgravity conditions. Part II: numerical simulations

The effects of simulated microgravity on the surface modification of bioactive glass (BG) in solution were studied using a numerical method. Models were developed for estimating the mass transfers of different chemical species from the surface of bioactive glass particles (microcarriers) suspended in the rotating liquid medium of a NASA-designed high aspect ratio vessel (HARV) bioreactor and on the bottom surface of a static vial. The concentration profiles resulting from chemical reactions and ionic transports were ascertained. Numerical results for the transport under simulated microgravity in the HARV and at normal gravity in the static vial were compared. These results were also compared with those of experiments to verify the enhancement of the reaction kinetics under simulated microgravity conditions. The experimental and numerical studies confirm that simulated microgravity conditions lead to the quick achievement of bioactive glass surface modification.     

Simulated activities of daily living do not replicate functional upper limb movement or reduce movement variability

Kinematic assessments of the upper limb during activities of daily living (ADLs) are used as an objective measure of upper limb function. The implementation of ADLs varies between studies; whilst some make use of props and define a functional target, others use simplified tasks to simulate the movements in ADLs. Simulated tasks have been used as an attempt to reduce the large movement variability associated with the upper limb. However, it is not known whether simulated tasks replicate the movements required to complete ADLs or reduce movement variability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of simulated tasks in upper limb assessments in comparison to functional movements. Therefore answering the following questions: Do simulated tasks replicate the movements required of the upper limb to perform functional activities? Do simulated tasks reduce intra- and inter-subject movement variability? Fourteen participants were asked to perform five functional tasks (eat, wash, retrieve from shelf, comb and perineal care) using two approaches: a functional and a simulated approach. Joint rotations were measured using an optoelectronic system. Differences in movement and movement variability between functional and simulated tasks were evaluated for the thorax, shoulder, elbow/forearm and wrist rotations. Simulated tasks did not accurately replicate the movements required for ADLs and there were minimal differences in movement variability between the two approaches. The study recommends the use of functional tasks with props for future assessments of the upper limb.     

The effects of solar radiation on thermal comfort

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between simulated solar radiation and thermal comfort. Three studies investigated the effects of (1) the intensity of direct simulated solar radiation, (2) spectral content of simulated solar radiation and (3) glazing type on human thermal sensation responses. Eight male subjects were exposed in each of the three studies. In Study 1, subjects were exposed to four levels of simulated solar radiation: 0, 200, 400 and 600 Wm⁻². In Study 2, subjects were exposed to simulated solar radiation with four different spectral contents, each with a total intensity of 400 Wm⁻² on the subject. In Study 3, subjects were exposed through glass to radiation caused by 1,000 Wm⁻² of simulated solar radiation on the exterior surface of four different glazing types. The environment was otherwise thermally neutral where there was no direct radiation, predicted mean vote (PMV)=0±0.5, [International Standards Organisation (ISO) standard 7730]. Ratings of thermal sensation, comfort, stickiness and preference and measures of mean skin temperature (t_sk) were taken. Increase in the total intensity of simulated solar radiation rather than the specific wavelength of the radiation is the critical factor affecting thermal comfort. Thermal sensation votes showed that there was a sensation scale increase of 1 scale unit for each increase of direct radiation of around 200 Wm⁻². The specific spectral content of the radiation has no direct effect on thermal sensation. The results contribute to models for determining the effects of solar radiation on thermal comfort in vehicles, buildings and outdoors.