谷氨酸棒杆菌质粒pXZ10145自发缺失突变体的特性及其重组质粒的构建

用谷氨酸棒杆菌质粒pxz10145转化钝齿棒杆菌T 6—13原生质体,得到自发缺失突变体pNAT65,该质粒为2．4kb,仍带有氯霉素抗性,经物理图谱分析表明,质粒pxz10145smaⅠ到claⅠ位点之间的片段已缺失,仍保留EcoRⅠ、XbaⅠ、BclⅠ三个酶的单切点。质粒pNAT65与pBR322用EcoRⅠ酶切连接得到重组质粒pNAR67,这一质粒在E．Coli中复制并表现Ap, Tc抗性,但氯霉素抗性能力大大降低,只能抗2μg／ml。     

萘质粒ND1.860HindⅢ片段的分子克隆和限制酶图谱

萘质粒ND1.860经限制性核酸内切酶HindⅢ完全消化和部分消化所产生的限制片段,分别在大肠杆菌质粒pBR322中克隆。通过对含有ND1.860HindⅢ片段的17个重组质粒进行限制酶分析,建立了ND1.860质粒的HindⅢ、EcoRⅠ和XbaⅠ种内切酶26个切点的酶切图谱。     

体内遗传标记成团肠杆菌固氮质粒pEA9

用卡那霉素抗性（Kan^r)基因对成团肠杆菌固氮质粒pEA9进行活体遗传标记。将来自质粒pEA9的3.0kb片段(nif ENX)克隆到pBR322载体中,再将卡那霉素抗性(Kan^r)基因插入到3.0kb的片段中,构建成供体质粒pST5。将该质粒转化到含有待标记质粒pEA9的E.a.339菌株中,然后在AP培养基中消除供体质粒,筛选得到40个失去了pST5并保持卡那霉素抗性的克隆,分析表明它们不是质粒pEA9和pST5的共整合体,而是卡那霉素抗性基因通过两个质粒在nifENX区域内的DNA间的同源重组整合到了质粒pEA9上。     

蓖麻蚕(Attacus ricini)核糖体RNA基因片段在大肠杆菌中的无性繁殖

利用质粒pBR322作运载体,获得了蓖麻蚕(Attacus ricini)核糖体rRNA基因(rDNA)的部分片段在E.coli中的无性繁殖株。酶切图谱分析及Southern法分子杂交鉴定证明,重组质粒pARI含有1.95MdrDNA EcoRI-BamHⅠ双酶切片段;pARⅡ含有2.6Md的rDNABamHⅠ片段。并测定了BamHⅠ片段与pBR322连接方向。     

分子无性繁殖载体的组建——Ⅰ.乳糖操纵子的重组和表达

用包含乳糖操纵子的λplac 5 EcoR1 DNA 片段与质粒pBR 322重组,获得一个重组质粒pMG4。几种限制性内切酶的分析结果表明,pMG4上乳糖操纵子(lac)和抗氨基苄青霉素基因的转录方向一致;Iac 插入片段λ区的Hind Ⅲ切点和pBR 322抗四环素基因上的Hind Ⅲ切点相邻近。用pMG4 Hind Ⅲ片段转化大肠杆菌C_(600),筛选Ap~r Tc~s lac~ 转化体,得到另一个lac 重组质粒pMG401,在β-半乳糖苷酶结构基因近羧基端有一个EcoR1切点,插入外源基因可以置于lac 控制下而实现表达。同时,我们还测定了包含pMG4、pMG401或λplac 5不同细胞的β-半乳糖苷酶活力,对lac 的表达作了分析。     

pGV3850载体系统的改进研究

位于pGA 472上nos-npt的基因片段,经Hind III/Sal I双酶完全消化,克隆到pBR332的Hind III/Sal I位点,将这一重组DNA转化E. coli HB101,在和R64 drd11的mob功能和tra功能的帮助下,经重组后带有卡那霉素抗性基因的pBR322可以进入浓杆菌中,并经同源重组整合到农杆菌质粒pGV3850的T-DNA区。这样得到的是一个改良的pGV3850系统。他除了具有pGV3850系统原有特点之外,还具有一个新的特点：在中间载体pBR322上带有Km^r标记基因,这就为能克隆到pBR322上的任何不带有标记的基因提供标记,便于转化后的筛选。     

分子无性繁殖载体的组建——Ⅰ.乳糖操纵子的重组和表达

用包含乳糖操纵子的λplac 5 EcoR1 DNA片段与质粒pBR 322重组,获得一个重组质粒pMG4。几种限制性内切酶的分析结果表明,pMG4上乳糖操纵子(lac)和抗氨基苄青霉素基因的转录方向一致;Iac插入片段λ区的Hind Ⅲ切点和pBR 322抗四环素基因上的Hind Ⅲ切点相邻近。用pMG4 Hind Ⅲ片段转化大肠杆菌C_(600),筛选Ap~rTc~s lac~ 转化体,得到另一个lac重组质粒pMG401,在β-半乳糖苷酶结构基因近羧基端有一个EcoR1切点,插入外源基因可以置于lac控制下而实现表达。同时,我们还测定了包含pMG4、pMG401或λplac 5不同细胞的β-半乳糖苷酶活力,对lac的表达作了分析。     

兽疫链球菌透明质酸分解酶基因的敲除

以透明质酸分解酶基因（Hyl）为改造目标, 利用同源重组技术获得 Hyl基因敲除的重组菌。首先以兽疫链球菌的基因组DNA为模板扩增出部分透明质酸分解酶基因（Hyl-1）,然后将其克隆到载体pMD19-T上,再以质粒pUC19为模板, PCR扩增得到氨苄青霉素抗性基因,通过反向PCR将其插入Hyl-1基因的中部,得到基因敲除载体pMD19T-SA。该载体与质粒pBR322分别用EcoRⅠ、PstⅠ双酶切后进行连接,得到基因敲除的重组载体pBR322 SA,PCR 及限制性酶切分析,构建的敲除载体与设计结果相符。最后,利用这两种敲除载体通过同源重组技术得到一株重组菌,经PCR 及酶活鉴定,这株菌的Hyl 基因已缺失。     

转座子Tn233(CH)链霉素敏感突变种及其回变种的研究

转座子Tn233-1(CH)是Tn233(CH)的链霉素敏感突变种,比较了突变种质粒pBR322:: Tn233-1(CH)DNA和野生型质粒pBR322::Tn233(CH)DNA的EcoRⅠ、BamHⅠ、HindⅢ与PstI限制性内切酶图谱,结果表明Tn233-1(CH)中带链霉素抗性基因的限制片段H3上插入了一个约800bp长的IS因子,在这个插入的DNA片段上有一个PstI切点而没有EcoRⅠ、BamHⅠ及HindⅢ切点。 对链霉素抗性回变种的质粒DNA pBR322:: Tn233-1-R(CH)的限制图谱加以分析后表明,插入在H3限制性片段上的IS因子已经切除,但是限制片段E2与E3的长度发生了改变。此外,在限制片段E2上出现了一个新的IS插入片段,在这一插入片段上有一个HindⅢ与PstⅠ切点。我们对此突变与回变的机理进行了讨论。     

转座子Tn233(CH)分子量的测定

转座子Tn233(CH)带有str sul抗性基因,最早是在痢疾杆菌的抗药质粒DR233(Tc~r Cm~r Sm~r Su~r)中发现的。现在通过菌株间的配对,将插入了Tn233(CH)转座子的质粒R144drd3::Tn233(CH)转移到E·coli C600/pBR322(Ap~r、Tc~r)细胞中,组成两种质粒共存的菌株。从此菌株中提取出质粒DNA,用转化方法使它转移到E.coli C600菌株,再从所得到的转化子中用复印方法筛选出Tn233(CH)转座到pBR322质粒的转化子E.coli C600/pBR322::Tn233(CH),然后提出此质粒DNA,经限制性内切酶BamHⅠ、EcoRⅠ、PstⅠ、HindⅢ与PvuⅡ等酶切后,在琼脂糖凝胶平板与聚丙烯酰胺凝胶柱上进行电泳分析,分别以BamHⅠ与EcoRⅠ双重酶解的λDNA、HindⅢ酶解的T5DNA、HaeⅢ酶解的M13 DNA与HaeⅢ酶解的pBR322 DNA作为泳动的标记,计算出质粒酶解片段的分子量,用此方法算出各片段分子量的总和为15.93×10~6道尔顿,此即为所求的pBR322::Tn233(CH)分子量,将此值减去pBR322的分子置2.87×10~6道尔顿,得到Tn233(CH)的分子量为13.06×10~6道尔顿。电泳结果还表明在Tn233(CH)DNA分子上,BamHⅠ、EcoRⅠ、PstⅠ、HindⅢ与PvuⅡ分别有5、9、1、6、2个切点数。     

Frequent conjugative transfer accelerates adaptation of a broad-host-range plasmid to an unfavorable Pseudomonas putida host

IncP-1 plasmids are known to be promiscuous, but it is not understood if they are equally well adapted to various species within their host range. Moreover, little is known about their fate in bacterial communities. We determined if the IncP-1beta plasmid pB10 was unstable in some Proteobacteria, and whether plasmid stability was enhanced after long-term carriage in a single host and when regularly switched between isogenic hosts. Plasmid pB10 was found to be very unstable in Pseudomonas putida H2, and conferred a high cost (c. 20% decrease in fitness relative to the plasmid-free host). H2(pB10) was then evolved under conditions that selected for plasmid maintenance, with or without regular plasmid transfer (host-switching). When tested in the ancestral host, the evolved plasmids were more stable and their cost was significantly reduced (9% and 16% for plasmids from host-switched and nonswitched lineages, respectively). Our findings suggest that IncP-1 plasmids can rapidly adapt to an unfavorable host by improving their overall stability, and that regular conjugative transfer accelerates this process.     

A novel metabolic pathway for creatinine degradation in Pseudomonas putida 77

Abstract A simple and rapid method is described to determine the plasmid content of cyanobacteria. This procedure is a modification of the Eckhardt in-well lysis and agarose gel electrophoresis technique and can be used for both unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria.     

西藏土壤中分离的链霉菌含有丰富的线型和环型质粒

【目的】研究极端自然环境对链霉菌线型和环型质粒分布的影响。【方法】从西藏高原采集了20份土壤样品,分离和初步鉴定链霉菌,提取和检测质粒DNA。【结果】从中分离到46株链霉菌,其中有23株菌含有1 4个线型质粒,大小在19 650 kb之间,8个菌株含有1 4个环型质粒,大小在4 80 kb之间。【结论】西藏土壤来源的链霉菌含有大量的、多样的线型质粒和环型质粒,暗示极端环境中诸如强紫外辐射等可能会引发DNA损伤和修复,进而造成质粒的多样性。     

水稻内生链霉菌中的线型和环型质粒

植物内生放线菌的研究是一个近年来兴起的学科领域,在进一步探索和开发微生物资源方面,植物内生放线菌逐渐成为相关领域同行的关注热点.     

Investigation of subpopulation heterogeneity and plasmid stability in recombinant escherichia coli via a simple segregated model

Many microbial and cell cultures exhibit phenomena that can best be described using a segregated modeling approach. Heterogeneties are more marked in recombinant cell cultures because subpopulations, which often exhibit different growth and productivity characteristics, are more easily identified by selective markers. A simple segregated mathematical model that simulates the growth of recombinant Escherichia coli cells is developed. Subpopulations of different growth rate, plasmid replication rate, and plasmid segregation probability are explicitly considered. Results indicate that a third mechanism of plasmid instability, referred to here as a "downward selective pressure," is significant when describing plasmid loss in batch and chemostat cultures. Also, the model agrees well with experimental data from cultures under antibiotic selective pressure. Finally, model simulations of chemostat cultures reveal the importance of initial conditions on culture stability and the possible presence of nonrandom partitioning functions. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Location of a second partitioning region (ParL) on the F plasmid

Abstract The leading region of the F plasmid has been found to extend the maintenance of the normally unstable plasmid vector pACYC184. This ability is due to effective partitioning of plasmid molecules at cell division. Cloning, deletion analysis and transposon mutagenesis have located the partitioning region (ParL) to be encoded within 63.65–64.11F. Complementation studies indicated that parL is a cis -acting locus.     

水稻植物内生链霉菌中线型和环型质粒的检测

以广东番禺和五山地区水稻植株中分离到的内生链霉菌为对象,调查可能存在的内源质粒.利用脉冲电泳技术从8个菌株中检测到大小在60 kb～410 kb的线型质粒,其中4个菌株的线型质粒可能有保守的端粒复制基因.该结果与土壤链霉菌中检测到线型质粒和具有保守端粒复制基因的比例相似,表明水稻植物组织内部的独特环境不会造成链霉菌线型质粒的多样性分布产生大的变化.此外,从13个菌株中检测到6 kb～60 kb的环型质粒.     

Incompatibility behavior of a symbiotic plasmid pMH7653Rb in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mesorhizobium huakuii</Emphasis> 7653R

Mesorhizobium huakuii strain 7653R harbored two indigenous plasmids named pMH7653Ra and pMH7653Rb. The larger plasmid pMH7653Rb (symbiotic plasmid) was transferred to M. huakuii HN308SR harboring three plasmids: pMHHN308a, pMHHN308b and pMHHN308c, and HN3015SR harboring three plasmids: pMHHN3015a, pMHHN3015b and pMHHN3015c by tri-parent mating. Two stable indigenous plasmids, pMHHN308b and pMHHN308c of HN308SR, were co-eliminated due to the introduction of pMH7653Rb, and the transconjugant was named HN308SRN14. The results implied that pMH7653Rb and pMHHN308b, pMHHN308c were incompatible and might have been ascribed to the same incompatible group. The plasmid profiles of transconjugant HN3015SRN14 showed that the second largest plasmid pMHHN3015b of HN3015SR was cured due to the introduction of pMH7653Rb. The results also implied that pMH7653Rb and pMHHN3015b were incompatible. Results from plant nodulation tests showed that pMH7653Rb could only maintain the nodulation ability in transconjugant HN308SRN14 and its nodule number was more than that of wild strain HN308SR, but could not replace the nitrogen fixation effect of pMHHN308b and pMHHN308c. The plasmid cured mutant HN308SRN14D harboring only pMHHN308a formed null nodules that demonstrated pMHHN308a was relevant to nodulation ability. HN3015SRN14 harboring pMH7653Rb, pMHHN3015a and pMHHN3015c formed null nodules while HN3015SRN14D containing pMHHN3015a and pMHHN3015c lost the nodulation ability. The plasmid replication repC-like gene sequences were detected by a polymerase chain reaction from 7653R, HN308, HN3015, HN308SRN14 and HN3015SRN14. The repC gene sequence similarities of the strains tested attained 99%.     

土壤中质粒pLV1016 在快生型大豆根瘤菌间的水平转移

在滤膜、液体培养基和土壤微宇宙3种系统中,研究了接合型质粒pLV1016 由快生型大豆根瘤菌(Rhizobiumfredii)QB1131 向R.frediilux Lux3的水平转移及pLV1016 由QB1131 向土著细菌的转移.接合培养1d后,分别计算供、受体菌的生长速率和质粒转移速率常数(γ).结果表明,相同接种浓度下,滤膜接合时γ值最高,土壤中γ值最低,γ值不受土壤是否灭菌和是否有大豆植株的影响,γ值与初始接种浓度负相关,与供、受体的生长速率正相关.在未灭菌土中检测到pLV1016 可转移到土著细菌,土著接合子分别属于根瘤菌属和假单胞菌属.