不同种类可吸收性外科缝线的体外降解性能评价

目的研究3种不同种类的可吸收性缝线的体外降解性能,分析其体外降解产物。方法将3种可吸收性缝线分别按比例浸入Sorensen缓冲液中进行体外降解实验,设3个降解周期组,每组设3个重复,分别过滤分离试样、碎片和溶液,计算试样的质量损耗率。并对其体外降解产物进行定性定量分析。结果3种试样体外降解的质量损耗率均逐期增大;不同种类缝线的体外降解液成分不同,且其主要成份含量逐期增加。结论：不同种类的可吸收性缝线应采用不同的定性定量分析方法,根据产物推断缝线的生物安全性。     

牙周再生膜体外降解的实验研究

目的研究牙周再生膜在体外动态和静态降解体系中的降解性能。方法用聚乳酸乙醇酸制作的牙周再生膜在动态(降解介质流速为250μl/min)和静态两种降解体系中进行降解,分别在材料降解前的第0周和降解后的第1、2、4、6周测定牙周再生膜在体外动态和静态降解体系中的残存质量、平均分子量、弹性模量、孔隙率和渗透性的变化并对两种降解体系中的降解性能进行比较。结果降解过程中,牙周再生膜实验材料的质量随着降解的进行而不断损耗,残存的质量越来越少。实验材料的分子量随着降解的进行而不断减少。牙周再生膜的质量和分子量在静态降解体系中损失速度显著高于在动态降解体系(P<0.01);在两种实验条件下,牙周再生膜实验材料的弹性模量都是在第2周时开始上升,随后下降。材料的弹性模量在动态降解体系中较之静态降解体系能维持较长时间;无论在动态降解条件下,还是在静态降解条件下,实验材料的孔隙率都是从第2周时开始下降,而后逐渐增加。降解系统的状态对材料孔隙率变化的影响无显著差异(P>0.05);材料在静态降解体系中的渗透性显著高于动态降解体系(P<0.01)。材料在两种降解介质中的降解性能相似,但是在所测定的降解指标中,材料在人工唾液中的变化速度显著高于在PBS中的(0.01相似文献   

地衣芽胞杆菌ATCC9945A中γ-聚谷氨酸降解酶基因的克隆、表达及降解性能鉴定

目的:验证在地衣芽胞杆菌ATCC9945A中存在着γ-聚谷氨酸降解酶基因(ywtD),为下一步解决在γ-聚谷氨酸微生物发酵合成过程中产物γ-PGA降解的技术性难题提供依据。方法:通过在pET-28b(+)大肠杆菌表达系统克隆表达地衣芽孢杆菌ATCC9945A中的ywtD基因,对诱导表达条件进行优化,采用SDS-PAGE和Western Blot方法检测目的蛋白的表达,并体外酶解实验验证其活性。结果:PCR扩增得到了一个1 245bp的基因片段,预期编码414个氨基酸,诱导表达后得到一个分子量大小约为45.6 kDa的表达产物。Western Blot分析结果表明ywtD基因得到了有效表达。体外酶解实验表明该表达产物具有降解γ-PGA的活性。结论:证明在地衣芽胞杆菌ATCC9945A中存在着γ-聚谷氨酸降解酶基因。     

黄原胶降解及其抗氧化性能研究

酸性条件下对黄原胶进行氧化降解,透析得到两种黄原胶寡糖,对产物进行FT-IR表征,GPC法测定两种寡糖的分子量分别为7500、10100。考察两种产物对超氧阴离子自由基O2-.和过氧化氢的清除活性以及还原能力,结果表明10100-XG较7500-XG具有更强的抗氧化性能。这可能与黄原胶寡糖活性羟基数目有关。     

低分子量κ-卡拉胶马来酰基化衍生物的制备及抗氧化活性的研究

对κ-卡拉胶进行氧化降解,得到分子量不同的两种卡拉胶低聚糖,并分别制成四丁基铵盐,进而与马来酸酐进行酰化,制得两种不同分子量的卡拉胶马来酰基化衍生物.对产物进行IR表征,并对产物的抗氧化性能进行测试.结果表明:κ-卡拉胶在马来酰基化以后对超氧阴离子自由基O_2以及过氧化氢的清除能力都大大增强了.     

聚二醇酸可吸收性缝线

日本山根修治等应用聚二醇酸(Polyglycolieacid)研制成一种新的可吸收性手术缝合线,称MEDIFIT。经评价,性能良好。 MEDIFIT有很高的持结抗张力。体内和体外研究表明,这种缝线的抗张力与Dexon和Vicryl相似。把它分别浸入盐水、胃液、胆汁和胰液中,14天后,抗张力分别保持在75.2%、82.2%、66.8%、66.2%。植入于兔子皮下,抗张力有所下降,类似于浸入胆汁中。而把它植入于兔子的肌肉内,在植入15周内,完全被吸收,组织反应轻微,在吸收过程中缝线的纤维被结缔组织代替。在     

一种可用于SiRNA转染的可降解的新型脂质聚合物

合成一种兼具阳离子脂质体和阳离子聚合物优点的可用于SiRNA的新型脂质聚合物载体.以低分子量的支链聚乙烯亚胺(BPEI,分子量600D)为基础,通过交联剂将油酸与之交联,形成PEI-交联剂-油酸为单元的高分子脂质聚合物.以稳定表达EGFP基因的HeLa-EGFP细胞为模型,比较脂质聚合物、高分子聚合物BPEI(MW 25KD)及阳离子脂质体Lipofectamine 2000介导的SiRNA转染效率,以MTT法检测转染后细胞毒性.将聚合物放置于中性环境37℃保温,检测在温育不同时间后结合FITC标记的寡核苷酸能力.脂质聚合物介导转染EGFP-SiRNA的细胞中,绿色荧光蛋白的信号下降了72.3%,下降幅度高于Lipofectamine 2000介导转粢的细胞,而BPEI介导的转染细胞中的荧光强度仅比空白对照下降20%左右.MTT结果显示在最适条件下,脂质聚合物的介导的SiRNA转染48h后,细胞存活率为94.87%,高于BPEI 25K和Lipofectamine 2000对照组(80.68%和64.87%).降解实验证实,脂质聚合物和BPEI25K相似,在与FITC标记的寡核苷酸结合后,使其荧光水平下降65%左右;在保温后,脂质聚合物对荧光的抑制能力逐步下降,在8h后其荧光强度与BPEI600对照组相似;BPEI 25K实验组在保温前后荧光强度无显著的变化.脂质聚合物是一种可降解的化合物,具有与Lipofectamine 2000相似的SiRNA转染效率,细胞毒性明显低于BPEI和Lipofectamine 2000.提示脂质聚合物兼具阳离子脂质体和阳离子聚合物的优点.     

一株敌草胺降解菌的分离鉴定及降解性能

为探讨酰胺类除草剂敌草胺的微生物降解机理和土壤中敌草胺降解的生物强化性能,从长期使用敌草胺的烟田土壤中分离到一株敌草胺降解细菌菌株,命名为LGY06.经形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析将其鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌.在纯培养条件下,菌株LGY06对敌草胺的降解符合一级动力学特征,7 d内对50 mg·L^-1敌草胺降解率达到75.7%;LGY06降解敌草胺的最适温度和最适pH值分别为35 ℃和8.0.通过气相色谱-质谱鉴定了菌株LGY06降解敌草胺的降解产物并分析了其降解途径,α-萘酚和丙酰胺是主要的降解产物,LGY06对敌草胺的作用方式主要有脱烷基、氧化(或水解),为矿化过程.室内模拟条件下,LGY06能有效促进土壤中敌草胺残留的降解,与未接种灭菌土、非根际土和根际土相比,敌草胺在接种LGY06土壤中的降解半衰期分别缩短了79.5%、36.6%和41.1%.     

一种可降解的阳离子聚合物基因转染试剂

目的：合成一种高效、低毒的新型阳离子聚合物载体。方法：以低分子量的聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）为阳离子聚合物的基本单位,以可水解的2,4-戊二醇二丙烯酸盐（PODOA）为交联剂,合成高分子聚合物。用DNA凝胶迟滞实验验证聚合物与DNA的亲和力,以绿色荧光蛋白基因和萤光素酶检测其基因转染效率,用聚合物凝胶电泳实验鉴定其降解性,以MTT法检测其细胞毒性。结果：聚合物具有高的DNA结合亲和力、高基因转染效率,基因转染后的萤光素酶活性高达3×10^9RLU／mg,其基因转染效率相当于甚至优于目前市售的转染试剂,而细胞毒性明显低于其他试剂。该聚合物在中性环境下可降解,而在酸性条件下非常稳定。结论：合成的聚合物具有高转染效率和低细胞毒性,可能在转染和基因治疗研究中起重要作用。     

壳聚糖辐照降解产物涂膜保鲜草莓研究

壳聚糖具有抑菌性与成膜性。将壳聚糖辐照降解得到的一系列不同粘均分子量产物进行涂膜草莓保鲜,研究涂膜液中壳聚糖粘均分子量、浓度、pH值、有机酸、明胶含量对草莓保鲜效果的影响;并设计四因素三水平正交试验。实验结果表明：1％（w／v）7．0×10^4Da壳聚糖、1％（v／v）醋酸、pH5、添加明胶0．5％的涂膜配方具有最好的保鲜效果;在常温（20℃、湿度80％～90％）下可以延长贮藏期2d;低温（3℃-4℃、湿度80％-90％）下可以延长贮藏期3d。     

Prolonged antibacterial action of synthetic suture materials containing gentamicin]

A new sutural material in the form of polyacrylamide threads containing gentamicin in an amount of 10 per cent by the thread weight was studied. After storage for a year under refrigerator conditions the threads preserved their antibacterial activity when studied in vitro. Since gentamicin was included within the threads by means of the ionic links its release from the threads to the environment either in vitro or in vivo was gradual and uniform within at least 10 days. The quantity of the released antibiotic depended on its content per unit of thread length. The marked antibacterial effect within the prolonged period is a basis for the use of the threads in surgical practice for the prevention of infections in the early postoperative period.     

3D打印PCL/β-TCP可降解椎间融合器的体外降解及生物力学研究

目的:研究以质量配比为5∶5的聚己内酯(PCL)与磷酸三钙(β-TCP)为原材料,应用3D打印技术制备的的可降解的颈椎椎间融合器在体外的降解特性,为临床应用提供理论依据.方法:将制备好的融合器浸泡于模拟体液中,置于37℃温箱,每2周更换浸泡液,按浸泡时间的不同分为六组:分别为空白对照组、2周、4周、12周、26周、52...     

Enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolyesters produced by Alcaligenes sp. MT-16

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), poly(3HB-co-3HV), copolyesters with a variety of 3HV contents (ranging from 17 to 60 mol%) were produced by Alcaligenes sp. MT-16 grown on a medium containing glucose and levulinic acid in various ratios, and the effects of hydrophilicity and crystallinity on the degradability of the copolyesters were evaluated. Measurements of thermo-mechanical properties and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflectance revealed that the hydrophilicity and crystallinity of poly(3HB-co-3HV) copolyesters decreased as 3HV content in the copolyester increased. When the prepared copolyester film samples were non-enzymatically hydrolysed in 0.01 N NaOH solution, the weights of all samples were found to have undergone no changes over a period of 20 weeks. In contrast, the copolyester film samples were degraded by the action of extracellular polyhydroxybutyrate depolymerase from Emericellopsis minima W2. The overall rate of weight loss was higher in the films containing higher amounts of 3HV, suggesting that the enzymatic degradation of the copolyester is more dependent on the crystallinity of the copolyester than on its hydrophilicity. Our results suggest that the degradability characteristics of poly(3HB-co-3HV) copolyesters, as well as their thermo-mechanical properties, are greatly influenced by the 3HV content in the copolyesters.     

Studies on untreated and urea-treated rice straw from three cultivation seasons: 2. Evaluation of straw quality through in vitro gas production and in sacco degradation measurements

Untreated and urea-treated straw and straw fractions of seven rice varieties from three cultivation seasons have been evaluated on their DM, OM loss and degradation characteristics from in sacco disappearance and in vitro gas production measurements. Drying temperatures from 45°C to 100°C did not seem to influence the degradability of urea-treated rice straw, whereas urea-treated straw dried at freezing temperatures (−35°C) gave slightly higher degradability than higher temperatures. Untreated early season rice straw showed higher degradability than straw of middle and later season rice. There was a significant increase in the degradation of straw after urea treatment, and greatest for late and middle season rice straw. On average, urea-treatment of rice straw increased the DM and OM in sacco losses after 48 h of incubation (48 h) by 24.0% and 30.7%, respectively. In order to study the kinetics of the degradation of fibre fractions, the disappearance in sacco was also estimated for the loss of hemicellulose, cellulose and extractable biogenic silica (EBSi). There was a great variation in the content of silica between varieties. Rice straw degradation seemed to be related to the biogenic silica content (acid detergent insoluble silica (ADISi)). Urea treatment increased the extraction of biogenic silica and hence increased the degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose. The improvement in sacco disappearance of cellulose due to urea treatment was 36.8%, 19.5% and 5.3% for late, middle, and early rice straw, respectively. The degradability was higher for the stem than for the leaf blades and leaf sheaths. The response to urea treatment, however, was higher for leaf sheaths and leaf blades than for the stems, evening out differences in degradability. Urea treatment tended to increase the production of acetic acid whereas there was no effect on propionic and butyric acid production.     

Preferential loss of body fat during starvation in dietary obese rats.

This study was undertaken to examine whether diet-induced obesity alters the amount and/or composition of weight lost during starvation. The amount and composition of weight lost during a 4-day period of starvation was determined before and at 17, 30 and 42 weeks after rats (350 g of body weight) were given a high fat diet (HFD). To control for effects of aging, a second group of rats, fed standard laboratory chow, was also subjected to similar periods of starvation. Although total weight loss during starvation was never greater for HFD rats than for chow-fed rats, the former group showed a clear patter of increasing loss of body fat and total energy and conservation of fat-free tissues with periods of starvation later in life. In addition, chow-fed rats showed substantial energy conservation during each period of starvation (i.e. they lost less energy each day than their pre-starvation energy requirements). In contrast, HFD rats demonstrated substantial energy conservation only at 17 weeks and not at 30 or 42 weeks; during the last period of starvation, their average daily loss of carcass energy exceeded their pre-starvation energy requirements. This suggests the increased fat mass of these rats may have led to increased fuel availability and to an increased metabolic rate during starvation. If these results are applicable to humans, the more obese subjects are likely to show greater total loss of energy than lean subjects, but show a lesser loss of lean body mass, at least initially. If protein requirements are reflected by the ability to mobilize protein during food restriction, protein requirements would be substantially lower in the dietary obese rats than in controls. In summary, diet-induced obesity leads to preferential loss of body fat and conservation of lean mass during starvation.     

Hydrolysis of concentrated sucrose syrups by invertase immobilized on anion exchanger waste cotton thread.

Yeast invertase was immobilized on polyethyleneimine-coated cotton thread by adsorption followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The thread-bound invertase was used as an easily retrievable system for the hydrolysis of 80% w/v commercial sucrose syrups. The immobilized enzyme was stable for over 90 days to a temperature of 50 degrees C, only when stored in 80% sucrose solution. Above this temperature, inactivation of enzyme was observed. The cotton threads were used in a batch reactor for hydrolysis of sucrose in about 30 batches carried out over a period of 50 days without loss in activity. The threads could also be used in a packed bed reactor (1.51) for 97% hydrolysis of 80% sucrose syrups at 50 degrees C at a rate of about 360 kg per month for a period of 3 months.     

Specific biogas production and role of packing medium in the treatment of rubber thread manufacturing industry wastewater

Wastewater from three rubber thread manufacturing industries collected from three different sampling points was characterised. The acidic wastewater (pH = 3.6 to 4.7) contains high levels of COD, BOD, nitrogen and zinc. The average COD:N:P ratio was 100:3.8:0.4 whereas the BOD:N:P ratio was 100:4.5:0.4 with more than sufficient amounts of N and P for anaerobic digestion using the up-flow anaerobic filter. The specific biogas yield ranged between 0.250 to 0.069 l CH₄/g COD added when the organic loading rate was altered from 2.0 to 14.0 g COD/l/d respectively. The biogas production rate and the biogas yield rate increased from 8.2 to 42.7 l/d and 0.97 to 1.50 l CH₄/l/d respectively, for the same organic loading rate. The N and P utilised ranged between 1.53 to 1.20 and 0.3 to 0.26 mg per 100 mg COD consumed respectively when the organic loading rate was increased from 2.0 to 14.0 g COD/l/d. The optimum COD:N:P ratio obtained for steady state operation of the up-flow anaerobic filter in this study for the rubber thread manufacturing wastewater was 100:1.3:0.3. Attached biomass was responsible for the removal of more than 70% of the COD in the wastewater when PU foam was used as the packing media.     

Changes in body composition with weight loss: obese subjects randomized to surgical and medical programs

Objective: To assess changes in body composition with weight loss in obese subjects randomized to a laparoscopic adjustable gastric band surgical program or a medical program using a very‐low‐energy diet and orlistat. Research Methods and Procedures: Using body composition measurements by DXA, neutron activation for total body nitrogen, and whole body γ counting for total body potassium, we studied changes in fat mass, fat distribution, fat‐free mass, total bone mineral content, total body protein, and body cell mass at 6 (n = 61 paired) and 24 months (n = 53 paired) after randomization. Results: At 24 months, the surgical group had lost significantly more weight (surgical, 20.3 ± 6.5 kg; medical, 5.9 ± 8.0 kg). There was favorable fat‐free mass to fat mass loss ratios for both groups (surgical, 1:5.5; medical, 1:5.9). Changes in total body nitrogen or potassium were favorable in each group. A small reduction in mean bone mineral content occurred throughout the study but was not associated with extent of weight loss or treatment group. At 6 months, weight loss for both groups was similar (surgical, 14.1 ± 4.5 kg; medical, 13.3 ± 7.3 kg). The medical program subjects lost less fat‐free mass and skeletal muscle and had increased total body protein. The proportion of body fat to limb fat remained remarkably constant throughout the study. Discussion: Weight loss programs used in this study induced fat loss without significant deleterious effects on the components of fat‐free mass.     

Environmental fate of sacrificial zinc anodes and influence of a biofilm

Laboratory experiments were performed to determine the environmental fate of zinc compounds formed during sacrificial dissolution of zinc anodes in seawater and to further determine the role of biofilms in mobilizing/immobilizing zinc corrosion products. Experimental conditions simulated cathodic protection and overprotection (40x normal) of ship ballast tanks with an anode to cathode ratio of 0.091. Anodic dissolution and percentage of soluble zinc increased with the level of protection. For normal cathodic protection in abiotic seawater, approximately 3% of the sacrificed zinc was dissolved in solution. Additionally, weight loss and percent soluble products increased dramatically in the presence of an agar film, but were unchanged due to the presence of natural marine biofilms. Under overprotection conditions, weight loss did not vary in the presence of surface films. Solid zinc corrosion products were precipitated, suspended in solution, and attached to electrode surfaces. Experimental data were compared with zinc concentrations measured in ballast tanks for two United States Navy surface ships.