雅脊金小蜂-我国仓储害虫寄生蜂的新记录

雅脊金小蜂Theocolax elegans(Westwood,1874),属膜翅目Hymenoptera金小蜂科Pteromalidae角头金小蜂亚科Cerocephalinae.据报道该蜂分长翅和无翅两种类型,笔者初步观察该蜂还有短翅型.雅脊金小蜂的寄主以鞘翅目和鳞翅目的幼虫和蛹为主,释放该蜂可有效地控制仓储害虫.     

中国金小科二新纪录属及二新纪录种(膜翅目,小蜂总科)

记述了金小蜂科中国2新纪录属普金小蜂属Proshizonotus Girault,1928,新尖金小蜂属Caenacis Frster,1856,及2新纪录种原普金小蜂Proshizonotus primus Bouek,1988,洁新尖金小蜂Caenacis lauta Walker,1835。普金小蜂属Proshizonotus(肿腿金小蜂亚科)复眼大且被毛,触式11173或11171,并胸腹节具中脊,前翅狭长具褐色翅斑,后足腿节中等膨大,后缘脉短于缘脉。新尖金小蜂属Caenacis(金小蜂亚科)唇基下缘微凹具2齿,唇基区具放射状脊纹,棒节3节末端收缩但不尖锐,无后头脊,并胸腹节具中脊、侧褶,颈短。提供了形态描述、分布及形态特征图。研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

TWO NEW RECORDED GENERA AND TWO NEW RECORDED SPECIES OF PTEROMALIDAE ( HYMENOPTERA, CHALCIDOIDEA) FROM CHINA

记述了金小蜂科中国2新纪录属普金小蜂属Proshizonotus Girault,1928,新尖金小蜂属Caenacis F(o)rster,1856,及2新纪录种原普金小蜂Proshizonotus primus Bou(c)ek,1988,洁新尖金小蜂Caenacis lauta Walker,1835.普金小蜂属Proshizonotus(肿腿金小蜂亚科)复眼大且被毛,触式11173或11171,并胸腹节具中脊,前翅狭长具褐色翅斑,后足腿节中等膨大,后缘脉短于缘脉.新尖金小蜂属Caenacis(金小蜂亚科)唇基下缘微凹具2齿,唇基区具放射状脊纹,棒节3节末端收缩但不尖锐,无后头脊,并胸腹节具中脊、侧褶,颈短.提供了形态描述、分布及形态特征图.研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

中国金小蜂属三新纪录种(小蜂总科,金小蜂科)

记录了中国金小蜂属Pteromalus Swederus,17953新纪录种:金色金小蜂Pteromalus chrysos(Walker),绿金小蜂Pteromalus smaragdus Graham和隐金小蜂Pteromalus sequester Walker。提供了形态描述、分布及形态特征图,并提供了分种检索表。研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

温度和寄主密度对雅脊金小蜂寄生和刺死米象幼虫的影响（英文）

本文通过研究雅脊金小蜂Theocolax elegans在6个不同温度梯度下对米象Sitophilus oryzae幼虫的寄生和取食能力,评价了雅脊金小蜂对米象的控制效果。雅脊金小蜂寄生米象的功能反应结果表明,在17℃～29℃的温度范围内,寄生蜂的寄主处理时间与温度成反比,从0.333天（17℃）到0.063天（29℃）。寄主搜索率也随温度变化而变化,17℃时最低（0.083头/天）,26℃时最高（1.521头/天）;当温度升高到29℃,寄主搜索率略有下降;但当温度升高到32℃,寄主搜索率明显下降。温度调节的功能反应模型表明,在26℃～29℃的温度范围内,寄生率较高。所以,在26℃～29℃时,雅脊金小蜂对米象有较好的控制效果。     

寄主及寄主食物对雅脊金小蜂子代性比、体型和翅型的影响

通过三级营养关系的传递,研究不同寄主食物和寄主对雅脊金小蜂Theocolax elegans(Westwood)子代性比、体型和翅型的影响。结果表明:雅脊金小蜂寄生小麦粒中的玉米象Sitophilus zeamais(Motschulsky)或米象Sitophilus oryzae(L.)的子代蜂量均显著高于寄生玉米粒中的玉米象或米象的子代蜂量;寄生小麦粒中的米象与玉米象的蜂量之间差异不显著,雌雄性比之间也差异不显著。子代雌蜂个体的体长均显著长于雄蜂的体长;但在寄生玉米粒中的米象时,其子代雌蜂和雄蜂的个体大小是最小的。长翅型雅脊金小蜂在寄生小麦粒中的米象或玉米象时,其子代长翅型的个体数量显著多于寄生于玉米粒中的米象或玉米象的子代长翅型个体数量。因此,用小麦粒中的米象或玉米象来繁殖雅脊金小蜂较之用玉米粒中的玉米象或米象的繁殖效率更高。     

中国叶甲金小蜂属分类研究及一新种记述(膜翅目,金小蜂科)

对中国叶甲金小蜂属Schizonotus Ratzeburg,1852进行了分类研究,共记述3种,其中1新种及中国1新纪录种:弯柄叶甲金小蜂Schizonotus incurvulus sp.nov.和宽头叶甲金小蜂Schizonotus latus(Walker).提供了形态描述、分布及形态特征图,及该属分种检索表.研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

中国四斑金小蜂属分类研究及二新种记述(膜翅目：金小蜂科)

记述了中国金小蜂科金小蜂亚科的四斑金小蜂属(Cheiropachus Westwood,1828)5个种,包括2新种：马氏四斑金小蜂C. mai新种分布于甘肃(兰州);细体四斑金小蜂C. vimineus新种分布于北京。文中提供了分种检索表、新种形态描述和特征图。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物 标本馆。     

中国脊柄金小蜂属(膜翅目 :金小蜂科)研究及新种记述(英文)

本文系统研究了中国金小蜂科脊柄金小蜂属AsaphesWalker ,共记述 6种 ,其中包括 4新种 :脐刻脊柄金小蜂Asaphesumbilicalissp .nov .,大眼脊柄金小蜂Asaphesoculisp .nov .,长梗脊柄金小蜂Asaphessici formissp .nov .和小索脊柄金小蜂Asaphesglobularissp .nov .。模式标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。脐刻脊柄金小蜂Asaphesumbilicalissp .nov .:正模 :♀ ,吉林延吉 ,196 2 VI 2 0 ,陈泰鲁采。本种与本属其它种区别 :胸部被粗糙的网状刻点 ,且具脐状刻点 ;后足基节背面光滑无毛 ;前翅后缘脉为缘脉的 2倍 ;触角位于复眼下缘连线上方 ,第 2环节亚方形且具感觉毛。大眼脊柄金小蜂Asaphesoculisp .nov .:正模 :♀ ,云南丽江丽地坪 ,340 0m ;1984 VIII 14,李畅方采。本种与蚜茧蜂脊柄金小蜂A .vulgarisWalker区别在于 :梗节长为宽的 2 .33倍 ;前翅被密毛 ,无透明斑。长梗脊柄金小蜂Asaphessiciformissp .nov .:正模 :♀ ,云南小中甸 ,380 0m ,1984 VIII 1,李畅方采。本种与大眼脊柄金小蜂Aaphesoculisp .nov的区别为 :梗节与鞭节长之和与头宽相当 ;头背面观宽为长的1.8倍 ,上颊后缘无被毛 ;颚眼距为复眼高的 1/ 2。小索脊柄金小蜂Asaphesglobularissp .nov .:正模 :♀ ,西藏曲松 ,4 10 0m     

短痣金小蜂属中国首次记录及分种检索（膜翅目：小蜂总科：金小蜂科）

记录短痣金小蜂亚科Colotrechninae（小蜂总科：金小蜂科）中国1新纪录属：短痣金小蜂属Colotrechnus Thomson,及中国1新纪录种：绿短痣金小蜂Colotrechnus viridis (Masi)。这是短痣金小蜂亚科在中国的首次记录,提供了形态描述、分布及形态特征图,同时提供了短痣金小蜂属世界已知6种的分种检索表。研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

Suppression of the stored-product pest Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by simultaneous release of a predatory bug and a parasitoid wasp

The control of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais in brown rice was estimated by using a reduviid bug, Amphibolus venator, and a pteromalid wasp, Theocolax elegans. Results showed that the simultaneous release of both species of natural enemies could enhance biological control compared with the release of either species alone.     

Unusual diversities of seed beetles (Goleoptera: Bruchidae) on Parkia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) in Brazil

Earlier studies of the interrelationships between bruchid beetles and their host plants have suggested that the typical pattern tends to be that one bruchid species attacks only a few host species, and that most host species are attacked by only one bruchid species, or at most very few. However, the bruchids attacking Parkia in Amazonian Brazil do not conform to this pattern. The bruchid diversity on Parkia was found to be higher than on any other legume genus yet studied. It is not yet possible to assess whether Parkia is particularly unusual in this regard, or whether such high levels of diversity are typical in Amazonian forests. The number of bruchid taxa attacking any one Parkia species is related to the number of co-occurring closely-related Parkia species. In either taxonomically or geographically isolated host species the bruchid diversity is much reduced.     

Behavior and Activity Pattern of Cephalonomia stephanoderis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) Attacking the Coffee Berry Borer,Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

We describe behavioral sequences and daily activities of pre-ovipositing and ovipositing females of Cephalonomia stephanoderis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), an ectoparasitoid of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Noticeable behavioral differences among preovipositing and ovipositing females include host examination, host stinging—probing, host feeding, and the oviposition per se. The female of C. stephanoderis feeds primarily on host eggs, but pupae are also exploited, mainly by pre-ovipositing females. After the onset of the oviposition period, C. stephanoderis examines the pupae repeatedly, stings them at frequent intervals, and spends more time feeding than during the pre-oviposition period. Host paralysis is linked both to host feeding and oviposition. It induces irreversible developmental arrest, which presumably allows preservation of the host until subsequent utilization, and contributes to successful offspring development, particularly by reducing host motility. Oviposition consists in a host selection process, a prolonged period of preparation of the potential host, and the egg-laying phase itself. Under our experimental conditions, pre-ovipositing and ovipositing females are active 17% and 36% of the day, respectively. Host handling time averages 6% and 23% in pre-ovipositing and ovipositing females, respectively. All coffee berry borer developmental stages are exploited by C. stephanoderis females, either for host feeding and/or oviposition activities. Such flexible behavior is advantageous given that host availability is limited inside the coffee berries.     

Discapseudes holthuisi (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) as an intermediate host of Caballerorhynchus lamothei (Acanthocephala: Cavisomidae)

The intermediate host of the acanthocephalan Caballerorhynchus lamothei Salgado-Maldonado, 1977, is reported for the first time. Cystacanths of C. lamothei were found in the hemocoel of the tanaid shrimp Discapseudes holthuisi Bacescu and Gutu, 1975, in Alvarado and Sontecomapan lagoons, Veracruz, Mexico. This is the first report of a palaeacanthocephalan using a tanaid shrimp as an intermediate host. Prevalence by locality, shrimp length, sex and developmental stage, and an analysis of the distribution of number of cystacanths per host are presented. A higher prevalence, and percentage of multiple infections and larger host size were found in Alvarado Lagoon.     

Parasitism of Heterotylenchus autumnalis Nickle (Nematoda: Sphaerulariidae) to the Face Fly,Musca autumnalis De Geer (Diptera: Muscidae)

New information is reported on the parasitism of Heterotylenchus autumnalis upon its principal known host, Musca autumnalis. Black to brown spots are produced on the cuticle of all infected host larvae where the nematode penetrated. The principal damage to the host is castration of the female. In laboratory tests nematode larvae were not infective and did not leave the hosts before the female fly was 1 1 days old. Nematode larvae removed from infected male flies infected other hosts, but it is believed that in nature these larvae are unable to leave the host.     

The effects of host deprivation on the calyx cells of Nasonia vitripennis (walker) (hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Summary 1. The changes in the ultrastructure of the cells of the calyx in the female reproductive system of Nasonia vitripennis are described during a period extending from a condition when host puparia are readily available to a condition of prolonged host deprivation.2. In conditions when host puparia are available, the calyx cells resemble typical secretory cells with rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and mitochondria. After periods of host deprivation the calyx cells increase in size, the organelles change and become reorientated and cytolysomes appear producing a configuration of cells undergoing autophagy.3. When host puparia become available again, the cells show an ability to recover and recommence production of secretory droplets.     

BIONOMICS OF MICROPLITIS MEDIATOR (HYM: BRACONIDAE) PARASITIZING PSEUDALETIA SEPARATA (LEP: NOCTUIDAE)*

Abstract This paper deals with the bionomics of Microplitis mediator parasitizing Pseudaletia separata. There were some stings (ca. 3. 1%) in which female wasps oviposited more than one eggs and about 4. 6% stings that there was no egg laid into a host. A negative correlation existed between the host age and percentage of parasitization. When the host suffered more stings by the parasitoid wasps, the percentage of parasitization was higher. But there was no correlation between the parasitoid sex ratio and the host age or the frequency of stings by the parasitoids. The host age is not the major factor affecting the offspring sex ratio of the parasitoid. Some putative sex determinant factors in the parasitoid are discussed and the 2nd instar of the host is recommended as a suitable host age in which parasitization could be performed for the purpose of the parasitoid mass culture.     

川硬皮肿腿蜂在松褐天牛幼虫上的合作繁育行为

【目的】硬皮肿腿蜂Sclerodermus spp.在寄生蜂中独有雌蜂合作繁育的准社会行为。本研究旨在明确该合作繁育行为在非自然寄主天牛上有何表现。【方法】随机选取松褐天牛Monochamus alternatus幼虫(体重范围0.16～0.44 g),个体称体重后分别接1, 2和4头已交配但尚未产卵的川硬皮肿腿蜂S.sichuanensis雌蜂即母蜂,观测母蜂产卵前期和子代发育表现等参数,分析寄主体重(连续自变量)和接蜂数(分类自变量)对这些参数的影响。【结果】对所有观测参数的分析未发现寄主体重与接蜂数这两因素之间存在互作影响,说明这两个因素独立影响观测特征。川硬皮肿腿蜂母蜂产卵前期随寄主体重增大而逐渐延长,但在母蜂数较多的情况下产卵前期缩短:接4头蜂处理下产卵前期比接1和2头处理下的产卵前期分别缩短18.3%和20.6%。按照母蜂平均产子代蜂数量(蜂均产蜂量)计算,接1头蜂处理下的蜂均产蜂量分别是接2和4头蜂处理下的蜂均产蜂量的1.5和3.3倍;蜂均产蜂量不受寄主体重的影响。子代蜂性比(雄蜂占比)在接蜂数较多处理下略有增大,但仍然极端偏雌;性比不受寄主体重的影响。子代卵至成虫存活率在接4头母蜂处理下最低,比接1和2头母蜂处理下分别降低37.4%和30.5%;子代卵至成虫存活率不受寄主体重的影响。子代蜂体型(后足胫节长度)随寄主体重增大而增大,但不受接蜂数的影响。【结论】本研究结果说明,在合作利用体型较大的非自然寄主时,母蜂数量比寄主体型大小对川硬皮肿腿蜂的合作繁育行为产生更大的影响。