共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Rebecca Bliege Bird Brian F. Codding Douglas W. Bird 《Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)》2009,20(2):105-129
Researchers commonly use long-term average production inequalities to characterize cross-cultural patterns in foraging divisions
of labor, but little is known about how the strategies of individuals shape such inequalities. Here, we explore the factors
that lead to daily variation in how much men produce relative to women among Martu, contemporary foragers of the Western Desert
of Australia. We analyze variation in foraging decisions on temporary foraging camps and find that the percentage of total
camp production provided by each gender varies primarily as a function of men’s average bout successes with large, mobile
prey. When men target large prey, either their success leads to a large proportional contribution to the daily harvest, or
their failure results in no contribution. When both men and women target small reliable prey, production inequalities by gender
are minimized. These results suggest that production inequalities among Martu emerge from stochastic variation in men’s foraging
success on large prey measured against the backdrop of women’s consistent production of small, low-variance resources.
Rebecca Bliege Bird received her Ph.D. from UC Davis in 1996. She is interested in gendered strategies of social and economic production, especially as they relate to altruism and public goods provisioning in prestige competitions. In pursuit of these and other questions related to the socioecology of subsistence, she has worked in Torres Strait among the Meriam and is currently working with Martu in Australia’s Western Desert. Brian F. Codding received his B.S. from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo in 2005 and his M.A. in 2008 from Stanford University, where he is currently a Ph.D. student in the Department of Anthropology. His current research examines the social ecology of gender-specific foraging in archaeological and ethnographic contexts in California and Western Australia. Douglas W. Bird received his Ph.D. from UC Davis in 1996. His interest in ethnoarchaeology led him to explore the processes of shellmidden formation among Meriam of the Torres Strait. He is currently investigating the politics of hunting among Martu and the way that sharing can, paradoxically, create social hierarchy. 相似文献
Douglas W. BirdEmail: |
Rebecca Bliege Bird received her Ph.D. from UC Davis in 1996. She is interested in gendered strategies of social and economic production, especially as they relate to altruism and public goods provisioning in prestige competitions. In pursuit of these and other questions related to the socioecology of subsistence, she has worked in Torres Strait among the Meriam and is currently working with Martu in Australia’s Western Desert. Brian F. Codding received his B.S. from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo in 2005 and his M.A. in 2008 from Stanford University, where he is currently a Ph.D. student in the Department of Anthropology. His current research examines the social ecology of gender-specific foraging in archaeological and ethnographic contexts in California and Western Australia. Douglas W. Bird received his Ph.D. from UC Davis in 1996. His interest in ethnoarchaeology led him to explore the processes of shellmidden formation among Meriam of the Torres Strait. He is currently investigating the politics of hunting among Martu and the way that sharing can, paradoxically, create social hierarchy. 相似文献
2.
Sub-Antarctic Marion Island has had a permanent research station for 50 years and the islands Wandering Albatrosses have been intensively studied for 20 years. The reactions of breeding birds to approaches by a human on foot were recorded. Three response variables were calculated: intensity of vocal reaction (IVR), intensity of non-vocal reaction (INR) and overall response index (ORI). At 5 m from the nest, twice as many birds stood and/or vocalised as at 15 m. Nearest neighbour distance, age and gender did not explain individual variability of responses. Study colony birds had higher IVR scores than non-study colony birds; birds at colonies closest to the station had the highest ORI scores. A better breeding record was associated with lower IVR and ORI scores, but a causative relationship remains to be demonstrated. A minimum viewing distance of 25 m is recommended for breeding Wandering Albatrosses.
相似文献
Marienne S. de VilliersEmail: Fax: +27-21-6503434 |
John CooperEmail: |
Peter G. RyanEmail: |
3.
Chris Haufe 《Biology & philosophy》2008,23(1):115-128
The importance of mate choice and sexual selection has been emphasized by the majority of evolutionary psychologists. This
paper assesses three cases of work on mate choice and sexual selection in evolutionary psychology: David Buss on cross-cultural
human mate preferences, Randy Thornhill and Steve Gangestad on the link between mate preferences and fluctuating asymmetry,
and Geoffrey Miller on the role of Fisher’s runaway process in human evolution. A mixture of conceptual and empirical problems
in each case highlights the general weakness of work in evolutionary psychology on these issues.
相似文献
Chris HaufeEmail: |
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A secondary analysis was performed on preliminary data from an ongoing cross-cultural study on assortative pairing. Independently
sampled pairs of opposite-sex romantic partners and of same-sex friends rated themselves and each other on Life History (LH)
strategy and mate value. Data were collected in local bars, clubs, coffeehouses, and other public places from three different
cultures: Tucson, Arizona; Hermosillo, Sonora; and San José, Costa Rica. The present analysis found that slow LH individuals
assortatively pair with both sexual and social partners more strongly than fast LH individuals. We interpret this phenomenon
as representing (1) an adaptation for preserving coadapted genomes in slow LH strategists to maintain high copying fidelity
genetic replication while producing a lower number of offspring in stable, predictable, and controllable environments and
(2) a bet-hedging adaptation in fast LH strategists, favoring the genetic diversification of a higher number of offspring
in unstable, unpredictable, and uncontrollable environments.
相似文献
Aurelio José FigueredoEmail: |
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The recent contribution by Jarmila Kukalová-Peck on Hennigian phylogenetics and hexapod limb evolution is critically evaluated.
相似文献
Michael S. Engel (Corresponding author)Email: |
9.
Roger Sansom 《Biology & philosophy》2009,24(4):441-459
One current version of the internalism/externalism debate in evolutionary theory focuses on the relative importance of developmental
constraints in evolutionary explanation. The received view of developmental constraints sees them as an internalist concept
that tend to be shared across related species as opposed to selective pressures that are not. Thus, to the extent that constraints
can explain anything, they can better explain similarity across species, while natural selection is better able to explain
their differences. I challenge both of these aspects of the received view and propose a hierarchical view of constraints.
相似文献
Roger SansomEmail: |
10.
In this paper, we explore the role of reciprocity in the employment of restrictive measures in contexts of contagion. Reciprocity
should be understood as a substantive value that governs the use, level and extent of restrictive measures. We also argue
that independent of the role reciprocity plays in the legitimisation the use of restrictive measures, reciprocity can also
motivate support and compliance with legitimate restrictive measures. The importance of reciprocity has implications for how
restrictive measures should be undertaken when preparing and evaluating public health responses to contagion.
相似文献
A. M. ViensEmail: |
11.
A key point in the analysis of dynamical models of biological systems is to handle systems of relatively high dimensions.
In the present paper we propose a method to hierarchically organize a certain type of piecewise affine (PWA) differential
systems. This specific class of systems has been extensively studied for the past few years, as it provides a good framework
to model gene regulatory networks. The method, shown on several examples, allows a qualitative analysis of the asymptotic
behavior of a PWA system, decomposing it into several smaller subsystems. This technique, based on the well-known strongly
connected components decomposition, is not new. However, its adaptation to the non-smooth PWA differential equations turns
out to be quite relevant because of the strong discrete structure underlying these equations. Its biological relevance is
shown on a 7-dimensional PWA system modeling the gene network responsible for the carbon starvation response in Escherichia coli.
相似文献
Laurent Tournier (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jean-Luc GouzéEmail: |
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Terry Harmer 《Cluster computing》2007,10(3):277-285
Gridcast is an R&D project investigating grid ideas and technologies in the broadcasting technical infrastructure. In this
paper I discuss the business and technical issues in building infrastructures to support broadcasters and outline the structure
of the Gridcast grid-based service oriented architecture for broadcasting playout support.
相似文献
Terry HarmerEmail: |
14.
Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Biology & philosophy》2007,22(3):429-437
Jablonka and Lamb's claim that evolutionary biology is undergoing a ‘revolution’ is queried. But the very concept of revolutionary
change has uncertain application to a field organized in the manner of contemporary biology. The explanatory primacy of sequence
properties is also discussed.
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Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
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Methanogens growing on C-1 substrates synthesize 2-carbon acetyl groups in the form of acetyl-CoA for carbon assimilation
using the multienzyme complex acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase (ACDS) which contains five different subunits encoded within
an operon. In species growing on acetate ACDS also functions to cleave the acetate C-C bond for energy production by methanogenesis.
A number of species of Methanosarcina that are capable of growth on either C-1 compounds or acetate contain two separate ACDS operons, and questions have been
raised about whether or not these operons play separate roles in acetate synthesis and cleavage. Methanosarcina thermophila genomic DNA was analyzed for the presence of two ACDS operons by PCR amplifications with different primer pairs, restriction
enzyme analyses, DNA sequencing and Southern blot analyses. A single ACDS operon was identified and characterized, with no
evidence for more than one. MALDI mass spectrometric analyses were carried out on ACDS preparations from methanol- and acetate-grown
cells. Peptide fragmentation patterns showed that the same ACDS subunits were present regardless of growth conditions. The
evidence indicates that a single form of ACDS is used both for acetate cleavage during growth on acetate and for acetate synthesis
during growth on C-1 substrates.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at
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David A. Grahame (Corresponding author)Email: |
Edward DeMoll (Corresponding author)Email: |
19.
Causal Explanation of Indonesian Forest Fires: Concepts, Applications, and Research Priorities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andrew P. Vayda 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2006,34(5):615-635
Problems with studies, claims, and assumptions that have been made about the causes of fires in Indonesia's tropical moist forests are identified, and the kinds of concepts, methods, prioritizing, and data needed to resolve the problems are discussed. Separate sections are devoted to studying ignitions, studying fire susceptibility and fire behavior, and using the goal of causal explanation to guide interdisciplinary research.
相似文献
Andrew P. VaydaEmail: |
20.
Tanya Marie Hayes 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2007,35(6):733-747
This article compares how public protection of forests and common-property forest institutions serve to control outside encroachment
into frontier forests in Honduras and Nicaragua. The article combines institutional analysis with ethnographically based fieldwork
and analysis of land-cover images to evaluate how property-rights arrangements influence monitoring, enforcement, and compliance
with rules to restrict agricultural expansion in two biosphere reserves in the Mosquitia Corridor. Findings show that territorial
demarcation and common-property rights are important components for frontier forest conservation. In areas with weak enforcement
mechanisms and heavy reliance on social norms over official regulatory measures, the findings suggest that the perceived legitimacy
of tenure arrangements and their respective land-use rules are fundamental to controlling the agricultural frontier.
相似文献
Tanya Marie HayesEmail: |