二十种螽斯上颚与下颚内颚叶的形态(直翅目,螽斯科)

研究了20种中国植食性螽斯的上颚与下颚内颚叶,结果表明,上颚粗壮,切齿较短,边缘锋利,种间形态差异较显著;臼齿部不规则,凹凸明显.下颚内颚叶均具2枚内颚叶齿,颚叶齿突较长,形态相似,推测下颚内颚叶不直接参与切割和研磨食物,主要起辅助性作用.     

天牛科昆虫高级分类阶元实体的进化研究

本文从生物地理学、形态学、生态学、行为学、生理学、天牛—寄主植物的相互关系、地质学、气候变迁等诸方面,探讨了天牛科高级分类阶元实体的进化证据,提出了各阶元实体进化关系的新假说。研究结果表明,沟胫天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科和天牛亚科可能于侏罗纪在冈瓦纳古陆上分化出来;花天牛亚科和幽天牛亚科于白垩纪在劳亚古陆上分化出来。各亚科的进化顺序有两种可能:(1)沟胫天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科、天牛亚科、花天牛亚科、幽天牛亚科;(2)沟胫天牛亚科、天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科;花天牛亚科、幽天牛亚科。文章最后还讨论了各亚科的系统发育关系。     

天牛科昆虫高级分类阶元实体的进化研究(英文)

本文从生物地理学、形态学、生态学、行为学、生理学、天牛—寄主植物的相互关系、地质学、气候变迁等诸方面,探讨了天牛科高级分类阶元实体的进化证据,提出了各阶元实体进化关系的新假说。研究结果表明,沟胫天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科和天牛亚科可能于侏罗纪在冈瓦纳古陆上分化出来;花天牛亚科和幽天牛亚科于白垩纪在劳亚古陆上分化出来。各亚科的进化顺序有两种可能:(1)沟胫天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科、天牛亚科、花天牛亚科、幽天牛亚科;(2)沟胫天牛亚科、天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科;花天牛亚科、幽天牛亚科。文章最后还讨论了各亚科的系统发育关系。     

若干种天牛幼虫外部形态结构与危害特性的适应关系

本研究在观察比较隶属于鞘翅目天牛科3亚科16种天牛幼虫的外部形态特征的基础上,从结构与功能的角度,初步总结了天牛幼虫外部形态特征与危害特性的关系。结果表明:天牛亚科幼虫的上颚为圆凿型,沟胫天牛亚科和幽天牛亚科的幼虫上颚则为楔型。上颚圆凿型的天牛幼虫,外露上颚部分占头部面积比例值越小,上颚越发达;上颚楔型的天牛幼虫,外露上颚部分占头部面积比例值越大,上颚越发达。及时将粪屑排出蛀道外的幼虫之前胸背板、背腹部步泡突较发达,具有粗大的瘤突,气门相对面积比例较大;相反,不及时排出粪屑类的幼虫之前胸背板、背腹部泡突不发达,多具细皱纹,气门相对面积比例较小。     

十二种螽斯上颚与下颚结构的比较研究

比较研究了螽斯科4属12种上颚与下颚内颚叶的形态结构。研究结果表明,草螽属的种类上颚较粗短,切齿较钝;钩顶螽属的种类,上颚粗壮,切齿呈刀状;日本似织螽上颚的切齿与臼齿相似,分化不明显,形成1排尖的齿状结构;所研究的种类上颚臼齿部相似,由3枚齿围成三角形。下颚内颚叶端部具2枚细长、端部较尖的内颚叶齿,通常具1枚较长的内颚叶齿突,日本似织螽内颚叶齿突短小,不明显。     

天牛科高级阶元分类研究进展

从比较形态学 ,特别是外生殖器形态研究和生物地理学等诸方面对天牛科高级阶元的分类研究进行了综述 ,并据此总结了当今关于天牛科高级阶元分类的几个观点 ,得出了以下几点结论 :( 1 )天牛科包括 :锯天牛、异天牛、幽天牛、椎天牛、锯花天牛、膜花天牛、花天牛、天牛、沟胫天牛共 9个亚科 ;( 2 )瘦天牛亚科 (Disteniinae)提升为瘦天牛科 (Disteniidae) ;( 3 )狭胸天牛、裸天牛、暗天牛和盾天牛 4个类群的分类位置还有待确定 ;( 4 )也正因为上述 4个类群的分类地位尚未确定 ,因而天牛总科的提法和天牛总科下分几个科的问题尚待进一步的讨论     

中华蚊蝎蛉成虫口器感器的超微结构

口器感器在昆虫取食活动中起着重要作用, 但蚊蝎蛉成虫口器上感器的种类和形态迄今未见报道。我们利用扫描电子显微镜, 观察了中华蚊蝎蛉Bittacus sinensis Walker成虫口器上的感器。结果显示: 中华蚊蝎蛉口器上共有8种感器, 分别为锥形、毛形、刺形、指形、掌状、钟形、柱状感器及Böhm氏鬃毛, 主要集中于内唇、 下颚须以及下唇须上。锥形感器和刺形感器数量最多; 毛形感器主要在下颚轴节、 茎节和下唇的亚颏和前颏有分布; 钟形感器和Böhm氏鬃毛只存在于下唇须和下颚须上。下颚须端节和下唇须端节的感器种类相同, 以锥形感器为主。高度骨化的上颚以及下颚内颚叶与外颚叶上未发现感器分布。简要讨论了口器感器在昆虫分类中的意义。     

长白山北坡访花天牛区系研究

通过对长白山北坡访花天牛种类初步调查,结果表明,有访花天牛31种,其中花天牛亚科25种,占80.65%,天牛亚科6种,占19.35%。中国新记录1种:黑翅裸花天牛,优势种10种:北亚伪花天牛、六斑凸胸花天牛、黑胫宽花天牛、黑带宽花天牛、曲纹花天牛、红翅裸花天牛、桦肿腿花天牛、黑角伞花天牛、双斑厚花天牛、刺槐绿虎天牛。优势种访花天牛主要访问的优势种植物为长白金莲花、棣棠升麻、黑水当归、翼果唐松草、珍珠梅、柳兰、大独活。长白山北坡访花天牛种类,主要以古北区系成分为主,随着海拔增高,访花天牛种类逐渐减少,古北区系成分种类增多,古北、东洋区系成份种类减少。     

原色日本昆虫图鉴(甲虫篇)天牛科介绍

<正> 日本甲虫学会经多年调查,落实日本本土(包括琉球群岛在内)共产天牛650种,为地处高纬度英(本土)岛国产天牛60种的10倍左右,可见大陆岛国产天牛种类是比较丰富的。图鉴(保育社1980年增补改订版)收录附图371种,按6亚科分类系统处理,沟胫天牛亚科150种,花天牛及天牛亚科各90余种,锯天牛亚科5种,下余为幽天牛及瘦天牛亚科。日本所产大陆种天牛,分化种占大部,有些种可说明分布的南北极限,种的特征固定,也有色斑有变化的种类。如为东洋区特产,日本为分布北限的有:长毛虎天牛Mimistena     

四种筒天牛幼虫和蛹记要(鞘翅目:天牛科)

筒天牛属沟胫天牛亚科Lamiinae、楔天牛族Saperdini,为害多种植物。现将吉安樟筒天牛Oberea fusciventris Fairmaire、忍冬筒天牛O.incompleta Fairmaire构树筒天牛O.rufotestasea Pic和暗翅筒天牛O.fuscipennis(Chevrolat)幼虫和蛹的形态、生物学习性记述如下,本文长度单位均为mm。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism