苏云金芽胞杆菌HA和HD对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒力分析

黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius)是为害十字花科蔬菜的世界性害虫之一.为了探究苏云金芽胞杆菌HA和HD对黄曲条跳甲成虫的防治潜力,本研究测定了苏云金芽胞杆菌HA和HD菌株对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒力,以及对其谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性和中肠组织形态的影响.结果 表明:Bt-HA和Bt-HD均对黄曲条跳甲成虫有杀虫活性,LC50分别为4.01×108 CFU/mL和1.17×108 CFU/mL.菌株Bt-HD处理组的GST酶活性高于对照组和菌株Bt-HA处理组.菌株Bt-HA处理黄曲条跳甲成虫14 d后,中肠微绒毛肿胀脱落;菌株Bt-HD处理黄曲条跳甲成虫4d后中肠微绒毛开始疏松脱落,14 d后中肠柱状细胞底膜变形脱落.综上所述,苏云金芽胞杆菌HD对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒力更强,是防治黄曲条跳甲成虫的优势菌株,其杀虫机理值得深入研究.     

植物提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫毒作用的研究

研究24种植物提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒杀活性.结果表明处理后72h,供试植物提取物中的7种对黄曲条跳甲成虫有毒作用,但毒杀活性较低,其中烟碱对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒杀效果最好,累积死亡率为3.33%;假莲翘Duranta repens 乙醇得取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒杀效果最差,累积死亡率为1.12%;其余提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒杀效果居中,累积死亡率为1.67%-2.78%.因此,毒杀作用并不是供试植物提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的主要控制机理.     

马缨丹提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的生物活性

测定了马缨丹(Lantana camaraL.)地上部位(茎叶花)的不同溶剂提取物及萃取物对黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata(Fabricius)成虫的取食忌避、拒食、胃毒和触杀作用。结果表明:处理后48 h,以马缨丹乙醇回流提取物效果最好,其对黄曲条跳甲成虫的取食忌避率达94.94%;非选择性拒食率为85.48%;除正丁醇萃取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的胃毒作用达到56.67%外,其它处理对黄曲条跳甲成虫的胃毒作用不明显;石油醚萃取物、石油醚冷浸物、乙醇回流物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的触杀作用效果最好,分别为56.67,53.33和53.33%。据实验结果可知马缨丹不同溶剂提取物及萃取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的生物活性主要表现在对成虫较强的忌避和拒食作用。     

种子丸粒化包衣处理后氟啶虫胺腈的消解动态及对黄曲条跳甲的防控效果

【目的】明确丸粒化包衣处理后氟啶虫胺腈在菜薹体内的消解动态和对黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius)的防控效果,为十字花科蔬菜种子丸粒化包衣的科学应用提供参考。【方法】应用高效液相色谱法分析了氟啶虫胺腈在菜薹各营养器官和根系周边土壤中的消解动态。【结果】氟啶虫胺腈在土壤中的浓度呈现先增加后降低的发展趋势,播种后第1天氟啶虫胺腈在土壤中的浓度为17.03mg/kg,第10天升高至33.87 mg/kg,随后缓慢下降,在第31天时下降到0.17 mg/kg。氟啶虫胺腈在菜薹根和叶中的浓度也呈现先增加后降低的发展趋势,播种后第4天根、叶中的浓度分别为82.14 mg/kg和279.67 mg/kg,随后逐渐升高,在第7天达到56.85 mg/kg和325.27 mg/kg,此后缓慢下降,第31天时氟啶虫胺腈在根和叶中的浓度均低于检测限。氟啶虫胺腈在菜薹茎中的浓度呈现下降趋势,播种后第4天茎中氟啶虫胺腈的浓度为81.47 mg/kg,然后一直下降,直至第31天时低于检测限。田间试验结果显示菜薹种子应用氟啶虫胺腈丸粒化包衣技术处理后黄曲条跳甲的田间种群数量和受害株数均显著低于对照组。【结论】本研究证明了氟啶虫胺腈丸粒化包衣在菜薹生产中安全可行,并且对黄曲条跳甲防控效果显著,为黄曲条跳甲的防治和十字花科作物的安全生产提供了一个有效的解决方案。     

虫害诱导的植株对小菜蛾取食和生长发育的影响

本文从菜田生态系统的角度出发,就黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata(Fabricius)取食诱导对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)造成的影响进行了研究。黄曲条跳甲取食诱导对小菜蛾取食的影响比较明显,一般来说,黄曲条跳甲少量或短时间的取食会刺激小菜蛾幼虫在相应叶片上的取食,反之则会抑制;而且不同的寄主,不同完整度的叶片(即是否被黄曲条跳甲取食过)上的承载能力不同,芥菜、白菜、菜心和萝卜的承载力弱于甘蓝和芥蓝,黄曲条跳甲取食过的叶片弱于未被黄曲条跳甲取食过的叶片;不同数量的黄曲条跳甲取食对小菜蛾的产卵量影响显著,对其余生物学参数影响不显著,少量的黄曲条跳甲取食会刺激小菜蛾的产卵,多数则会抑制。     

环境因素对黄曲条跳甲种群扩散的影响

应用标记回收技术,研究了寄主及气象因素对黄曲条跳甲种群扩散的影响.结果表明,黄曲条跳甲的自然扩散是由环境引起(τ≈1),温度、风速与之有一定的相关性(P<0.05),高温不利于黄曲条跳甲的扩散,其扩散主要沿逆风或与风向垂直方向进行,而湿度与黄曲条跳甲成虫扩散无显著相关(P>0.05).寄主是影响黄曲条跳甲扩散的重要因子,在几种寄主植物中,菜心上收集的标记成虫数最多,其次为芥菜,再次为白菜,芥蓝上基本没有.     

球孢白僵菌对四种十字花科蔬菜害虫的兼控潜力评价

研究了分离自小猿叶甲的一株球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana(SCAU-BB01D))对十字花科蔬菜4种非目标害虫烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci、小菜蛾Plutella xylostella、黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata和菜缢管蚜Lipaphis erysimi的致病能力。结果表明,在实验室条件下,该菌株对以上4种害虫均有不同程度的侵染力。1×108孢子/mL的白僵菌悬浮液对1,2,3,4龄烟粉虱若虫的侵染率分别为84.88,86.81,55.94和38.78%;对小菜蛾2,3和4龄幼虫的侵染率为67,59和44%;对黄曲条跳甲幼虫和成虫分别为63%和60%;对菜缢管蚜成蚜和若蚜的侵染率分别为44%和35%。通过机率值分析,得出该菌株对烟粉虱1~4龄若虫的LT50分别为4.14,3.78,6.24和7.59 d;对小菜蛾2~4龄幼虫的LT50分别为7.29,8.16和9.82d;对黄曲条跳甲成虫和幼虫的LT50分别为11.22和8.11 d;对菜缢管蚜成蚜和若蚜的LT50分别为11.01和12.15 d。说明该球孢白僵菌菌株对烟粉虱、小菜蛾和黄曲条跳甲3种非目标害虫具有一定的兼控作用,在蔬菜害虫的生物防治中具一定的应用潜力。     

植物提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫毒杀作用的研究

研究24种植物提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒杀活性。结果表明：处理后72h,供试植物提取物中的7种对黄曲条跳甲成虫有毒杀作用,但毒杀活性较低,其中烟碱对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒杀效果最好,累积死亡率为3．33％;假莲翘Duranta repeens乙醇提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒杀效果最差,累积死亡率为1．21％;其余提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒杀效果居中,累积死亡率为1．67％-2．78％。因此,毒杀作用并不是供试植物提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的主要控制机理。     

黄曲条跳甲卵分离器的设计和应用

根据比重的原理和双层过滤的方法 ,设计和制作了黄曲条跳甲卵的分离装置。该装置结构简单 ,易于操作。使用这种分离器 ,黄曲条跳甲卵的田间检出率可达 82 %以上。     

菜心种子丸粒化包衣对幼苗的安全性及对黄曲条跳甲的防治效果评价

为明确不同类型杀虫剂对菜心生长的安全性和种子丸粒化包衣后对十字花科蔬菜的田间保苗效果,本研究测试了噻虫嗪、杀虫环、氯虫苯甲酰胺对菜心生长的安全性和对黄曲条跳甲的室内毒力,评价了不同剂量噻虫嗪丸粒化包衣处理后对菜心的田间保苗效果。结果表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺对菜心生长最安全,噻虫嗪次之,杀虫环最不安全;噻虫嗪的保苗效果和对跳甲防效最佳,杀虫环次之,氯虫苯甲酰胺基本无效。噻虫嗪有效含量在10 g/kg、30 g/kg、60 g/kg的3个丸粒化包衣处理中,60 g/kg种包衣处理严重影响菜心出苗(出苗率仅为78%),30 g/kg种包衣处理保苗效果最佳(为80.8%)。可知,噻虫嗪对菜心生长较安全、保苗效果较好,30 g/kg种的噻虫嗪丸粒化包衣处理可有效保护菜心幼苗免受黄曲条跳甲的为害。     

Embryo and Endosperm Function and Failure inSolanumSpecies and Hybrids

Although the importance of the endosperm as a food store inmany angiosperm seeds is well known, its significance duringearly embryogenesis has been neglected. In many interspecifichybrids, and in some other situations, embryos do not developfully and abort. It has often been stated that this is causedby the endosperm failing to conduct sufficient nutrients tothe embryo, but seldom has it been suggested that the endospermactively controls most of the early stages of morphogenesisof the embryo. Information gleaned from a broad survey of theliterature, combined with additional evidence presented here,obtained fromSolanum incanumand interspecific hybrids, indicatethat the endosperm is dynamic and very active in regulatingearly embryo development. This requires highly integrated geneticcontrol of rapidly changing metabolism in the endosperm. Ininterspecific hybrids, lack of coordination may cause unbalancedproduction of growth regulating substances by the endospermand hence abortion of the embryo, or even unregulated productionof nucleases and proteases resulting firstly in autolysis ofthe endosperm and then digestion of the embryo. The endospermmay thus serve to detect inappropriate hybridization of speciesor ploidy levels and so prevent waste of resources by producingseeds that would result in sterile hybrids or unthrifty subsequentgenerations. This discriminatory function of the endosperm hasdiminished during evolution and domestication of the crop plantSolanummelongenaL.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company Solanum, embryo morphogenesis, endosperm, hybrid, seed development.     

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics and Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics. Margaret Lock and Patricia A. Kaufert. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xii +364 pp.
Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific. Kalpana Ram and Margaret Jolly. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xiv. 305 pp.     

HIFs and tumors--causes and consequences

For most organisms oxygen is essential fo life. When oxygen levels drop below those required to maintain the minimum physiological oxygen requirement of an organism or tissue it is termed hypoxia. To counter act possible deleterious effects of such a state, an immediate molecular response is initiated causing adaptation responses aimed at cell survival. This response is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha- and a beta-subunit. HIF-1 alpha protein is stabilized under hypoxic conditions and therefore confers selectivity to this response. Hypoxia is characteristic of tumors, mainly because of impaired blood supply resulting from abnormal growth. Over the past few years enormous progress has been made in the attempt to understand how the activation of the physiological response to hypoxia influences neoplastic growth. In this review some aspects of HIF-1 pathway activation in tumors and the consequences for pathophysiology and treatment of neoplasia are discussed.     

Morphological and constitutional features and self-esteem in children and adolescents

Studies of human constitution and mental features are traditionally among the main concepts of anthropological research. In this research, we attempted to discover connections between morphological and constitutional features and self-esteem in children and adolescents. Such a connection was discovered in some studied age groups. The obtained results could serve as a basis for further studies in this field.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。