Development of the uterine microcirculatory bed in postnatal ontogeny

Age peculiarities of common structure of the microcirculatory pathways, specific volumes and amount of microvessels, zonal parameters of pericapillary microcirculation of metabolites, glycosamine glycans and glycoproteins contents, phosphatase and ATPase activity, collagen and elastic fibers of the microcirculatory bed vessels have been studied in 190 unchanged uteri, beginning from 36-week-old fetuses up to 35 years of age. The microcirculatory bed of myometrium during the period of postnatal ontogenesis investigated possesses a polymer-homonomous structural organization; its base make myoangiomas, including the terminal arteriole with precapillaries and collecting venule, that run from it. Similar structure of the myometrium microcirculatory pathways is already observed in fetuses of late antenatal period. In endometrium formed glanduloangionomas are revealed in the prepubertal age. Increase in glycosamine glycans contents is stated in the microvessel walls and in the uterine stroma during the process of its development. Compensatory-adaptive changes in the uterine microcirculatory bed are described during the newborn period up to the puberty. Functionally mature structures of the microcirculatory pathways in the submucosal and vascular layers of myometrium, endometrium and in the cervix uteri are found to be formed earlier than in other areas of the organ.     

Regulatory characteristics of the different components of the mesenteric microcirculatory bed in rats

Heterogeneous tonic reactions of the different parts of the mesentery microcirculatory bed to intravenous infusions of noradrenaline and their cessation were revealed. It is assumed that venules play a more important role in the organization of blood circulation in the capillaries and arteriolo-venular anastomoses than arterioles.     

The circulatory bed of the human uterine tube

By means of combined morphological methods blood vessels have been studied in 54 uterine tubes of child-birth women. The main pathways for carrying and distribution of blood to corresponding parts of the tube are sector arteries. They are situated in the subserous tela along the anterior and posterior semicircles of the organ. The microcirculatory bed (MCB) of the uterine tube is presented by serous, subserous, muscular and mucosal plexuses. The MCB of the serous tunic is characterized by vascular compositions--modules. Angioarchitectonics of the mucosal tunic is determined with differences in vascularization of complex and simple folds. Organospecific for small arteries and veins of the tubes is presence of vascular mechanisms, regulating the blood stream (intimal cushions, muscular-elastic constrictors, valves and others). Blood capillaries of the mucosal tunic possess a number of ultrastructural peculiarities: thickened peripheral part of endotheliocyte cytoplasm, that contains fenestrae; wide continuous basal membrane with pericytes in its duplication; three types of pericytic-endothelial contacts etc.     

The blood microcirculatory bed of the tunica muscularis of the human esophagus in postnatal ontogeny]

The analysis of morphological and morphometrical data of the muscular membrane and its blood microcirculatory bed has demonstrated that their development during the postnatal ontogenesis advances unevenly. An intensified growth and development of the muscular membrane morphological structures, including its blood microcirculatory bed occurs from 3 up to 30 years of life. Their maximal growth is noted from 12 up to 30 years of age. The stages of intensified development of the muscular membrane and its blood microcirculatory bed change into stages of retarded growth, where processes of involutive character preponderate. This is especially noticeable from 60 and more years of age. The stages noticed in the muscular membrane development and its blood microcirculatory bed are characterized both by general and topographical morphofunctional peculiarities specific for every stage of organogenesis.     

Morphofunctional characteristics of the microcirculatory bed of the human spinal dura mater]

Some morphofunctional peculiarities in microcirculatory pathways of the dura mater of the human spinal cord are described. They are concerned with the structure of arteriolo-venular anastomoses through which a rather large amount of arterial blood is transported into the venous bed. Around the vessels of arterial type running at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the vessel connective tissue fibres of the dura mater, there is a tissue layer intensively impregnated with silver salts and stained PAS-positively. The venous part of the dura mater microcirculatory pathways has a large number of accessory reservoirs in the form of venous "lakes". Functional importance of the peculiarities mentioned above for the dura mater and the perimedullar apparatus is clarified.     

The dynamic modification of aseptic inflammation with sodium oxybutyrate]

The oxybuturate sodium influence on the vessel and cells dynamics in the source of aseptic inflammation was studied. It was shown that oxybuturate sodium injection (100 mg/kg) before 30 min and after 2 and 4 hours of inflammation onset leads to suppression of microvessel reaction, reduction of macrophagic infiltrate density, decrease of macrophagic phase duration and the earliest perfection of inflammation in the whole.     

Changes in the iliac lymph node of the rat in aseptic uterine inflammation and during its correction]

In the lymphoid tissue of the iliac lymph node at an aseptic inflammation in the uterus the greatest changes have been revealed in 48 h from the moment, when the foreign body has been introduced. They are manifested at the tissue level (increasing content of macrophages, lymphoblasts, large lymphocytes, plasmoblasts, immature plasmocytes, mast cells, neutrophils), as well as at the organic level (increasing amount of secondary lymph noduli, increasing area of the paracortical zone, decreasing area of the cortical plateau, of the medullary intermediate sinus, medullary cords). Use of carbomineral sorbents ensures correction of the inflammation; this is demonstrated as reduction of reactive changes in the regional lymph node.     

Organ blood flow and vessels of microcirculatory bed in fish

Information on density of fish capillary network and its permeability, peculiarities of geometry, morphology, and ultrastructure of vessels of microcirculation bed—arterioles, venules, capillaries—is presented. A great attention is paid to vasomotor reactions and their participation in redistribution of blood. Nervous and humoral mechanisms of control of tone of the vessel smooth muscle wall and voluminous blood flow are considered. Effects of environmental factors on processes of microcirculation in fish are discussed.     

Structure and function of the microcirculatory bed in the preserved heart]

The morphological analysis of the state of the heart during hypertermal perfusion with different conservants reveals clear dependence of the microcirculation and the activity of the heart upon the type of the conservant. Perfusion with a salt solution and hemodilution is accompanied by pronounced disorders in microcirculation and unsatisfactory parameters of the cardiac activity. Conservation with cryoprecipitated plasma is characterized by comparatively less microcirculatory disorders, but fails to give a reliable safety of the heart. When using medium 199, changes in microcirculation were found to be minimal and parameters of cardiac activity were satisfactory. In the complex of non-specific changes in microcirculatory vessels the maximum structural lability was revealed in blood capillaries and vessels of the postcapillary-venular link.     

Study of endothelium-dependent blood oscillations in the human skin microcirculatory bed

Cutaneous microcirculation parameters were studied with laser Doppler flowmetry in healthy volunteers. To investigate endothelial-dependent peripheral blood flow oscillations the iontophoresis of 1% acetylcholine solution was carried out. To estimate the contribution of rhythmical components in blood flow signal the continuous wavelet-transform spectral analysis was used. To reveal correlation between microcirculation parameters under study the correlation analysis was used. The microcirculation index was shown to be the factor producing cross-correlation dependences. The only positive significant correlation between the blood flow oscillation amplitude in the range of endothelial activity normalized to mean microcirculation index at rest and maximal microcirculation index during the iontophoresis of acetylcholine was revealed.     

The blood microcirculatory bed of the small intestine, liver and pancreas after resection of the stomach and small intestine

As demonstrate the experiments performed on dogs and rats, after surgical intervention to the stomach and small intestine, other organs of the digestive system experience an increased functional loading, that results in noticeable changes in the intraorganic blood vessels and the blood microcirculatory bed organs. The course of the compensatory processes occurs with a definite regularity--as stages. The first stage is characterized with a predominance of the pathological reactions over the compensatory ones, in the second stage certain compensatory possibilities of the organism are noted. In the third stage the compensatory-adaptive reactions prevail over the pathological processes in the blood vessels and blood microcirculatory bed.     

The use of atomic force microscopy for estimating morphometric characteristics of blood cell

The potential of atomic force microscopy for estimating geometric characteristics of blood cells is demonstrated. Comparison of hemocyte morphometric characteristics recorded using different scanning modes has demonstrated that noncontact and semicontact imaging are adequate for studying the size and geometry of biological objects. A contact scanning of cells leads to their irreversible deformation.     

Venous stasis and state of the microcirculatory bed in the synovial membranes]

Microcirculatory bed of the synovial membranes was investigated in experiments on dogs during venous stasis. Ligation of the femoral vein and circulatory disturbances led to the alteration of the microcirculatory bed of the synovial membranes, to the overfilling of the venules. Capillary walls became thinner and there developed swellings and protrusions. The extent of the vascular wall changes depended on the calibre of the vessels. One month after the ligation of the vein congestive phenomena in the tissue of the joint capsule proved to decline. This indicated development of collateral venous circulation.     

Penetration of cefazolin and methicillin into tissues of rats with aseptic inflammation

Penetration of cefazolin and methicillin into the tissues of rats with aseptic inflammation was studied. Free cefazolin was shown to be present in blood serum and tissues in higher concentrations than methicillin. The level of cefazolin penetration in all the tested tissues was higher than that of methicillin. Elimination of the antibiotic from the focus of the aseptic inflammation was markedly retarded as compared to that from blood serum. It was suggested that the tissue binding of the antibiotics influenced the rate of their elimination from the tissues.     

Effect of sulfalene and furosemide on benzylpenicillin kinetics in rats with aseptic inflammation

The effect of sulfalen and furosemide on benzylpenicillin kinetics in blood serum, intact tissues and aseptic inflammation foci was studied on rats. It was shown that under the action of sulfalen and furosemide protein binding of benzylpenicillin lowered by 30 per cent. The changes in the antibiotic kinetics after combined use with sulfalen and furosemide were of the same type: markedly increased concentrations in blood serum and tissues and retarded elimination.     

Ultrastructural characteristics of the microcirculatory bed of the human adrenal cortex in prenatal ontogenesis

By means of transmissive electron microscopy the adrenals have been studied in 25 human embryos and fetuses at the age of 6-36 weeks. Certain stages have been revealed in formation of the adrenal cortex microcirculatory bed. In 6-7-week-old embryos (period of diffuse protocapillary bed) endothelial structure and mesenchymal cells, surrounding the adrenal anlage, resemble one another. A distinguished feature of the endothelium is regularly revealed desmosomes and large vacuoles, often found in cytoplasm of endotheliocytes. In 8-12-week-old fetuses (period when the organospecific microcirculatory bed is forming) sinusoid capillaries differentiate in the internal zone of the adrenal cortex; in endothelium fenestrae, "hatches", "locks" are revealed, the capillary basal membrane is formed. During subsequent time of the intrauterine development perfection of the microcirculatory pathways in the adrenals takes place, the arteriolar link of the subcapsular layer including. By the time of birth morphofunctional maturity of the microcirculatory bed in the adrenal cortex is noted.     

Zinc metabolism in male rats with a transplanted ovary]

Results of the research on the concentration of zink ions in the blood serum and prostate tissue, urine excretion level by means of heterotropic transplantation of the ovary to castrated rats (males) are presented. The degree of the organism estrogenization was assessed by determining the estradiol concentration in the blood serum by the radio-immune method. The research has shown that castration leads to a zink concentration decrease in the blood serum and its reduced excretion with the urine. A significant rise in the concentration of estradiol in the blood serum did not influence the zink metabolism in the organism.     

Photooptical and ultrastructural changes in the microcirculatory bed of the kidney after functional vasoconstriction

In experiments on rats it was found that at the early stages (5 to 15 minutes) after vasoconstriction of the kidney caused by adrenaline solution there occurred sharp narrowing of the intraorganic arterial bed lumen, particularly that of the afferent arterioles. Ultrastructural changes in the glomerular renal capillary components observed were morphological expression of the effect of angiospasm and circulatory hypoxia. Residual phenomena of constriction of the renal microcirculatory bed still persisted at later stages--in 3, 7 days. These changes characterized the stage of peculiar mobility and contractile properties of their endothelial cells, caused by spasmogenic disturbances of microcirculation.