鲁西上元古界佟家庄组的微体植物化石

鲁西安丘地区停家庄组含保存很好的微体植物化石。经研究计有14属11种(含1新种),1相似种和6个未定种。这一微体植物化石组合以球形疑源类最多,另有少数Micrhystridium,?Ceratophyton conicum以及丝状微体化石的标本。根据佟家庄组微体植物化石组合与国内外已知组合的比较,并参考从上覆浮莱山组获得的同位素年龄资料,笔者认为鲁西佟家庄组与安徽淮南地区的刘老碑组是同时的,皆为800—700Ma前沉积形成。     

河南汝州罗圈村剖面汝阳群白草坪组的微体化石

河南汝州罗圈村白草坪组微体化石丰度大,但分异度低,仅包括具细网状纹饰的Dictyosphaera delica-ta和具刺饰的Shui yousphaeridium pilatumsp.nov.以及少量的带藻Taeniatum sp.。虽然化石组成单调,但总体上与山西永济水幽沟剖面和河南渑池麦尽沟剖面白草坪组的疑源类组合面貌一致。目前,此套化石组合的地质时代有中元古代和新元古代早期两种不同的认识,通过对化石形态特征分析以及与苏格兰西北部早新元古代Torri-don群中发现的一个微体化石组合的对比,文中暂将汝阳群地质时代置于新元古代早期。     

塔里木盆地YJ1X井中奥陶统一间房组燧石结核中的有机壁微体化石

位于新疆塔里木盆地塔北隆起的YJ1X井中奥陶统钻遇富含硅质结核的一间房组地层,通过对硅质结核进行切片观察,发现大量丝状蓝藻化石及少数疑源类化石。经鉴定疑源类化石共包括:Aremoricanium sp.,Cheleutochroa oculata,Cymatiogalea sp.,Cymatiosphaera sp.,Dictyotidium microreticulatum,Leiosphaeridia sp.,Polygonium gracile,Pterospermella sp.;丝状蓝藻类化石两属四种,包括:Siphonophycus typicum,S.kestron,S.solidum,Oscillatoriopsis longa;多细胞球状藻类化石1种:Eoentophysalis sp.。其中丝状蓝藻类化石均为奥陶系一间房组的首次报道。该化石组合的发现为塔里木盆地奥陶系一间房组燧石结核中微体化石的研究提供了新资料,大量破碎的藻席及少数疑源类反映了本区沉积环境由浅水相变为深水相的过程。     

重庆市统景镇中三叠世雷口坡组孢粉和疑源类化石

雷口坡组是四川盆地内一套以灰岩、白云岩夹岩溶角砾岩及砂泥岩为主并含石膏、盐岩的沉积地层,产丰富海相动物化石,时代属中三叠世早期。本文从重庆市统景镇雷口坡组3块样品中获得了大量微体植物化石,是该组微体植物化石的首次发现,对其生物群具有重要的补充意义。组合中见有Aratrisporites granulatus,A.paraspinosus,Lundbladisporasp.和Taeniaesporites kraeuseli等常见于三叠纪的陆生植物孢粉以及海相疑源类Sulcusicystisechinatus,时代为中三叠世,与海相动物化石所示时代一致。后者或许可作为区域地层对比的标志化石。     

论克拉梭粉外壁的超微结构:西伯利亚侏罗纪的一个孢体

通过对西西伯利亚西南部某钻孔中侏罗统上部(Callovian,Tyumen组)所获得的一个Classopollis的四孢体光学显微镜和切片的透射电镜观察研究后认识到,Classopollis的外壁超微结构与它复杂的外部形态一致。外壁由几层组成：上部均质层,具不平的外、内表面,中间均质层,穴状层和下部均质层。在它们之间的柱状体和穴在赤道区更明显。这种结构与光学显微镜下所见的条纹圈相当。环沟(亚赤道沟)是由柱状区和远极面之间的外壁突然变薄形成的。近极区的穴较之赤道区的要小且形状较不规则。外壁远极面较近极面为簿。远极面隐孔区无穴。比较表明此种花粉与掌鳞杉科花粉形态相似。     

疑源类:元古代和古生代神秘的有机质壁微体化石

疑源类是一类不能归入任何已知生物门类的单细胞原生生物的有机质壁囊孢。大多数疑源类可能是海生真核浮游植物的休眠囊孢。有些疑源类可能是沟鞭藻的囊孢 ,但缺乏足够的形态学证据来确认它们的分类位置。有些疑源类已经确认是绿藻 ,但为了便于研究 ,通常仍然将其包括在疑源类中。因此 ,疑源类是一类起源未知的或不确定的异源的、多源的有机壁微体化石集合体。疑源类的大小变异范围可以从 <10 μm到大于 1m m,但大多数种的大小在 15— 80 μm之间。由于疑源类个体小、数量丰富、分异度高 ,分布广 ,因此它们在生物地层对比、古生物地理学、古环境学研究中非常有用。几乎所有地层中都可以找到疑源类 ,但以晚元古代和古生代最为常见。因为疑源类代表元古代、古生代海洋食物链底层的化石记录 ,所以在全球海洋生态系统的演化上起着非常重要的作用。     

论埃迪卡拉纪微体球状化石Schizofusa与Leiosphaeridia的关系

埃迪卡拉纪是新元古代最后一个纪,是新元古代雪球地球事件与寒武纪生命大爆发之间地质历史最重要的转折时期,在研究地球早期生命演化方面具有举足轻重的地位。我国华南三峡地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组中下部的地层中,发现了大量的以具刺疑源类为主的微体化石,其中有两个形态简单、分布广泛的类型——分别是以光面、球状为特征的Leiosphaeridia和光面囊胞状、具开裂特征的Schizofusa。本文通过对这两种化石材料的细致观察与统计,对两者间的亲缘关系进行了详细探讨,认为Schizofusa开裂之前应为光面球体,即Schizofusa是某些光面球的发展演化后期阶段。     

湖北峡东地区九龙湾剖面震旦系陡山沱组微体化石的新发现

中国南方扬子地台震旦系陡山沱组产出丰富的微体化石,它们主要保存在磷块岩以及燧石结核和条带中。文章详细报道湖北峡东地区九龙湾剖面震旦系陡山沱组微体化石,描述以前未曾在峡东地区碳酸盐相燧石中发现的8属8种微体化石。研究九龙湾剖面陡山沱组大型带刺疑源类、微体多细胞藻类和动物胚胎化石的分布特征,发现Tianzhushania spinosa是最早出现的大型带刺疑源类分子,大冰期后微体生物的辐射是一个阶段性渐进的过程。同时．本项研究进一步证实华南扬子区陡山沱组碳酸盐相燧石和磷块岩地层中保存的微体化石面貌基本一致。     

江西上饶朝阳磷矿新元古代晚期陡山沱组微体化石新材料

江西上饶朝阳磷矿新元古代晚期微体化石产于上震旦统陡山沱组上部含磷地层中,微体化石组合包括疑源类Asterocapsoides sp.,Megasphaera inornata,Meghystrichosphaeridium chadianensis,M.gracilentum,丝状蓝绿藻Siphonophycus septatum,S.robustum,S.tpicum,S.kestron,S.soldium,Oscillatoriopsis sp.和Slome nunavutensis,及可能的多细胞藻类。该化石组合的发现为中国南方扬子区陡山沱组含磷岩系中微体化石生物群的研究提供新的材料。     

新疆哈密地区晚泥盆世疑源类化石的发现及地质意义

从新疆哈密地区石城子北剖面7件样品获得分异度较高、有机质壁显著炭化保存的疑源类化石,根据其形态特征,共鉴定出14个形态属和15个形态种(其中8个未定种,3个比较种)。结合国内外古生代晚泥盆世已知疑源类组合进行比较,清楚表明当前获得的疑源类组合代表了晚泥盆世海洋微体浮游植物群面貌。我国涉及晚古生代疑源类生物地层的调查研究相对薄弱,而有关晚泥盆世疑源类化石的发现和报道更为匮乏,当前疑源类化石的发现,填补和丰富了新疆乃至国内晚泥盆世疑源类化石研究资料。该发现佐证了关于卡拉麦里洋在早石炭世闭合的认识;作为基础食物链的海洋微体浮游植物是重要成烃生物,晚泥盆世疑源类的保存预示研究区域具有石油、天然气勘察的前景。     

Representatives of the genus Ammosiphonia He, 1977 (Foraminifera) from the Jurassic and Carboniferous of Western Siberia

The wide distribution of the genus Ammosiphonia in the Upper Jurassic and Carboniferous of Western Siberia is established for the first time. Six haplophragmoidid species of Western Siberia are assigned to this genus. The diagnosis of the genus is emended; the taxonomic positions and scopes of the species Ammosiphonia nonioninoides (Reuss), A. beresoviensis (Bulatova), and A. sibirica (Zaspelova) are revised; two new species, A. suprajurassica sp. nov. and A. valanginica sp. nov., are described.     

冀北滦平盆地三岔子剖面土城子组和大北沟组孢粉组合及其意义

冀辽一带的土城子组和大北沟组对中国北方侏罗系-白垩系划分对比具有重要的意义.关于它们的时代目前还存在不同的看法,相关的孢粉地层学研究也比较粗略.本文研究了冀北滦平县井上村三岔子剖面土城子组和大北沟组的孢粉组合,共观察统计到50属28种及若干未定种.土城子组Classopollis-Cooksonites-Ephedri...     

Pollen survey and clinical research in Yunnan, China

This pollen survey includes 7 counties of Yunnan Province, China: Quinjin, Xishuanbanna, Lijiang, Wenshan, Yuxi and Kunming. From 1991–1992, optical and statistical examination of exposed glass slides showed that pollen is air-borne in Yunnan throughout the year. Pollen is also in great quantity and variety with two apparent pollen peaks. This paper also discusses the influences of climate and elevation on the amount of pollen carried by air. A geographical and seasonal variation of pollen level was established. The pollen particles causing possible sensitization were collected in the field and refined into an allergen extract which was applied to clinical tests for patients suffering from allergosis in our hospital with a high rate of pollen allergy. The results show the effectiveness of specific desensitization for pollen allergic patients. This study is therefore of great significance to the diagnosis,treatment and prevention of pollen allergy.     

The relationship between airborne pollen and fungal spore concentrations and seasonal pollen allergy symptoms in Cracow in 1997–1999

The investigation of airborne pollen and fungalspore concentrations was carried out in Cracowbetween 1997–1999. For this study thevolumetric method has been employed (Burkard).At the same time the clinical diagnosis ofpollen allergy in 40 patients was obtained onthe basis of an interview, positive skin pricktests with pollen extracts and increasedspecific IgE level. An increase in seasonalallergy symptoms in all patients occurred fromthe middle of May to the middle of August.Eighty eight percent of the patients (35 out of40) were sensitive to Poaceae pollen and about50% of them were additionally sensitive totree and herb pollen excluding grasses. Forpatients with additional allergy to tree pollenthe seasonal symptoms started at the end ofMarch (Betula) while for patients withadditional allergy to herb pollen it wasextended to the middle of September (Artemisia).Five people out of 40 revealed positive skinreactions to Alternaria spores and anincrease in specific IgE level. Positive skinreaction to Cladosporium spores with noincrease in specific IgE level occurred in 2patients. The increase in seasonal allergysymptoms in people sensitive to Alternariaspores noted in July and August could becaused not only by these spores but also byPoaceae pollen.     

Evaluation of indoor passive pollen sedimentation over 1 year: a possible source of contamination?

The study aimed to evaluate the possible contamination by passive indoor pollen sedimentation in a laboratory where routine pollen analyses were conducted, but where no particular laboratory policies were adopted to limit contamination. Gravimetric pollen deposition was observed on traps (petri dishes soaked with glycerol) set in the palynology laboratory, under an extractor hood and on the bench beside it over 1 year (1995–1996), and in an air filtered room in a flow cabinet and on its roof over 1 month for comparison. Under the extractor hood, three types of airborne particles were deposited: pollen grains, spores and algae, representing 32.35, 67.28 and 0.37%, respectively, of the total sedimented particles over 1 year. The number of pollen grains deposited on the surface trap ranged from 0 (27 November to 4 December 1995) to 707 (10–18 April 1995). The highest number of taxa during a weekly collection was 23 (9–15 May 1995). The pollen flora represented by anemophilous pollen (>90% of the trapped pollen) was related to the vegetation next to the laboratory:Acer, Carpinus, Castanea, Corylus, Cupressaceae, Pinus, Quercus, Salix, Taxus for trees and shrubs andArtemisia, Brassicaceae, Plantago, Poaceae, andUrticaceae for grasses and weeds. Indoor pollen deposition corresponded to the period of the outdoor pollination (macroscopic field observation) which lasted from March to the beginning of August. However, some pollen were almost always present in the collection (Poaceae, Salix, Castanea, Betula), reflecting the occurrence of pollen grains in the atmosphere out of the pollination period. Moreover, about five times more entomophilous pollen was found under the extractor hood compared to the other area of the laboratory; even in the flow cabinet of the air filtered room, 237 particles were captured (versus only 15 on the roof). These data suggest a possible human contamination during operations under the extractor hood or in the flow cabinet. Although few airborne pollen were found, possible contamination has to be considered in investigations where even low pollen quantities are of interest.     

The partial contribution of specific airborne pollen to pollen induced allergy

The air that we inhale contains simultaneously a multiple array of allergenic pollen. It is well known that such allergens cause allergic reactions in some 15 of the population of the Western World. However little is known about the quantitative aspect of this phenomenon. What is the lowest concentration of pollen that might trigger allergic responses? As people are exposed to heterogeneous and variable environments, clarification of the partial contribution of each of the major airborne pollen allergens and determination of its role in invoking allergy are of prime importance. Objectives: (1) Assessment of a possible correlation between the concentration of airborne pollen and incidence of allergy. (2) Estimation of the lowest average concentrations for various species of airborne pollen that elicit allergic symptoms when exceeded. (3) Determination of the extent of the variations in manifestation of allergy symptoms that can be explained by fluctuations in the concentration of individual species of airborne pollen. Methods: The study was conducted during 14months with a rural population in Israel. The participants completed a detailed questionnaire and were skin prick tested with the common airborne allergens. The appearance of clinical symptoms, i.e. nasal, bronchial, ocular or dermal, were reported daily by the patients. Concentrations of the airborne pollen and spores were monitored in the center of activity of the residents during one day every week, using three Rotorod pollen traps. The pollen grains were identified by light microscopy. Results: The pollen spectrum was divided into time-blocks presenting the main pollination periods of the investigated species. The correlation between the concentration of airborne pollen of the relevant species and the clinical symptoms of the patients was determined for each time block. The correlation differed for different clinical symptoms and for different pollen allergens. Highest correlation with airborne pollen counts was found for patients with nasal and bronchial symptoms. The onset of the clinical symptoms by sensitive patients started, in each of the relevant groups, once the weekly average concentration of the airborne pollen crossed a threshold level. Under the limitations of the present study, this level was estimated to be 2–4 pollen m^–3 air for olive, 3–5 pollen m^–3 air for grasses, 4–5 pollen m^–3 air for Artemisia, 10–20 pollen m^–3 air for pecan and 50–60 pollen m^–3 air for cypress. Conclusions: Fluctuations in specific airborne pollen grains explained up to 2/3 of the variation in clinical allergy responses. Those were: 69 of the variation for cypress (March–April), 66 for the grasses (March–April), 49 for the pecan (May–June) and 62 for Artemisia (Autumn).