老年急性脑梗塞患者血清TNF-α 和IL-6 水平的变化及其临床意义

目的:观察老年急性脑梗塞(ACI)患者血清TNF-α和IL-6水平的变化并探讨其临床意义.方法:选择老年ACI患者53例,观察以上入选患者入院后第7d、第9d和第11d血清TNF-α和IL-6水平的变化,并与26例健康人对照;同时分析53例老年ACI患者血清TNF-α和IL-6水平与患者脑梗塞面积及神经功能缺损评分的Spearman等级相关性.结果:老年ACI患者血清TNF-α和IL-6水平显著高于健康人(P＜0.01);随着治疗的进展与病情的稳定及恢复,患者血清TNF-α和IL-6水平随之显著下降(P＜0.05);同时患者血清TNF-α和IL-6水平与病变的严重程度呈正相关性(P＜0.05);治疗11d后血清TNF-α和IL-6降低量与病变的严重程度呈正相关性(P＜0.05).结论:在老年ACI患者治疗过程中,应进行血清TNF-α和IL-6水平的动态监测,可提示病变的发生发展并指导临床治疗.     

连续性血浆滤过吸附对严重感染合并MODS患者炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探讨连续性血浆滤过吸附对严重感染合并多脏器功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者炎症因子水平的影响。方法:研究对象选取我院2013年3月-2016年3月收治严重感染合并MODS患者共160例,以随机数字表法分为对照组(80例)和观察组(80例),患者均先给予高容量血液滤过(HVHF)治疗,观察组加用连续性血浆滤过吸附辅助治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、碳酸氢根(HCO_3~-)、肌酐(Scr)、总胆红素(TBi L)、急性生理与慢性健康II(APACHE Ⅱ)评分、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及白介素6(IL-6)水平。结果:两组治疗后MAP、Scr、TBi L、TNF-α、IL-6、hs-CRP及APACHE Ⅱ评分均有所降低,而HR、SpO_2、HCO_3~-水平均上升,且观察组以上各指标改善更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:连续性血浆滤过吸附辅助治疗严重感染合并MODS可有效稳定生命体征,改善生化指标,延缓病情进展,并有助于降低机体炎症反应水平。     

连续肾脏替代治疗对脓毒症患者血清中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8表达的影响

目的:探讨连续肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)对脓毒症患者血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)和白介素-8(IL-8)的影响。方法:将我院2013年1月-2014年6月间收治的80例脓毒症患者随机分为观察组与对照组各40例,两组患者均给予脓毒症常规治疗,观察组另给予CRRT治疗。观察比较两组患者治疗前1天,治疗后24 h,72 h空腹静脉血TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平。结果:观察组治愈率为85.0%(34/40),明显高于对照组的55.0%(22/40),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗24h、72h后两组患者TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8水平均明显下降,其中观察组下降更显著,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:CRRT能有效降低脓毒症患者血清中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8水平,有助于对炎症反应的正向调节。     

对早期多器官功能障碍综合征合并急性肾损伤患者行高容量血液滤过的 疗效

目的:探讨合并有急性肾损伤(AKI)的多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者早期行高容量血液滤过(HVHF)治疗后对器官保护作用.方法:选择重症监护室于2008年6-2012年1月收治的MODS合并AKI并接受HVHF治疗的患者86例作为研究对象.根据RIFLE分级分为Risk组10例,Injury组17例,Failure组59例.记录患者HVHF治疗前后血肌酐(SCr)、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)、血管外肺水指数(EVLWI)、动脉血乳酸(Lac)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ)评分以及28天存活率.结果:HVHF治疗后,Failure组SCr、EVLWI、Lac、PT、AST、APACHEⅡ评分均显著高于Risk组和Injury组,PaO2/FiO2显著低于Risk组和Injury组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Risk组和Injury组在HVHF治疗后各指标差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Risk组28天存活率为60.0％,Injury组64.71％,Failure组存活率为66.10％,3组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:早期HVHF治疗对MODS合并AKI患者的器官具有保护作用,值得临床进一步研究.     

乌司他丁联合阿托莫兰对感染性休克患者血清IL-6,TNF-α和PCT水平的影响

目的:探究乌司他丁联合阿托莫兰对感染性休克患者血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和降钙素原(PCT)水平的影响。方法:选择2013年6月~2015年12月期间我院收治感染性休克患者79例为研究对象;采用随机数字法将其分为观察组(39例)和对照组(40例),观察组患者给予乌司他丁联合阿托莫兰治疗,对照组给予常规抗感染治疗;观察并比较两组患者治疗前后IL-6、TNFα和PCT水平,比较两组患者药物不良反应、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)发生率及病死率。结果:治疗前两组患者间IL-6、TNF-α及PCT水平均无差异(P0.05);治疗后两组患者IL-6、TNF-α及PCT均显著下降,且观察组IL-6、TNF-α及PCT水平低于对照组(P0.05);治疗过程中两组患者药物不良反应发生率无差异(P0.05);治疗后观察组MODS及死亡发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:乌司他丁联合阿托莫兰能够改善对感染性休克患者炎症反应,降低机体IL-6、TNF-α及PCT水平,降低MODS发生率及病死率,在临床治疗感染性休克具有重要价值。     

不同剂量乌司他丁对急性胰腺炎患者血清TNF-α，IL-1，IL-6及IL-8水平的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量乌司他丁对急性胰腺炎患者血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8含量影响。方法:收集我院消化内科收治的急性胰腺炎患者72例,随机分为试验组和对照组,各36例。对照组予以10万IU静点,每8 h 1次;试验组患者予以乌司他丁30万IU静点,每8 h 1次。治疗后比较患者临床症状、血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8含量、血淀粉酶、肝脏功能以及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,与治疗前相比两组AMY、ALT以及Cr水平均降低(P0.05),血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平均降低(P0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组治疗有效率较高(P0.05);试验组临床症状消失时间、实验室指标恢复时间以及住院天数缩短(P0.05);试验组TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平较低(P0.05);试验组AMY、ALT以及Cr水平较低(P0.05)。结论:大剂量乌司他丁应用于急性胰腺炎的治疗安全有效,较正常剂量相比,能够缩短治疗时间,降低TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8等炎症因子水平。     

RIFLE标准在高容量血液滤过治疗MODS患者疗效的评价

目的:探讨不同肾功能损害时期行高容量血液滤过(HVHF)治疗对多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)疗效的影响。方法:采用RIFLE标准,将入选的MODS患者按急性肾损伤(AKI)分为AKIⅠ期(A组)、AKIⅡ期(B组)、AKIⅢ期(C组),以不同AKI分期作为HVHF治疗的时机,对比分析不同时期行HVHF治疗MODS患者的死亡率、平均重症监护病房(JCU)院时间(T1)、平均机械通气时间(T2)、平均连续血液滤过治疗时间(T3),并将HVHF治疗前和治疗24h后的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、血浆白介素-6(IL-6)、氧合指数、血浆肌酐(Cr)、平均动脉压(MAP)等结果进行比较。结果:1、AKIⅢ期患者死亡率显著高于AKⅡ期和AKIⅡ期患者(P<0.01);AKIⅡ期患者T1、T2和T3显著高于AKIⅠ期患者(P<0.01);2、与AKIⅠ期和AKIⅡ期患者比较,AKIⅢ期患者HVHF治疗前APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、IL-6和Cr均显著增高(P<0.05);AKIⅡ期患者HVHF治疗前血浆IL-6显著高于AKIⅠ期患者(P<0.01);3、与HVHF治疗前比较,三组患者HVHF治疗24 h后IL-6、氧合指数、Cr和MAP均显著改善(P<0.01);AKIⅢ期患者治疗后的IL-6仍显著高于AKIⅠ期和AKIⅡ期患者;AKIⅠ期和AKIⅡ期患者HVHF治疗24h后APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分显著降低(P<0.01),AKIⅢ期患者治疗前后APACHEⅡ评分和SOFA评分变化无显著统计学差异。结论:RIFLE标准及IL-6对判断预后有指导意义;AKIⅠ期和Ⅱ期行HVHF可明显改善MODS的预后,而AKI I期行HVHF的疗效更好。     

早期应用阿托伐他汀对病毒性心肌炎患者的免疫调控研究

目的:研究应用阿托伐他汀治疗旱期病毒性心肌炎患者对T淋巴细胞亚群及血清炎症因子的影响.方法:将符合成人急性病毒性心肌炎患者60例随机分为治疗组(A组,30例)、对照组(B组,30例),两组患者均给予常规治疗.A组在常规治疗基础上给予阿托伐他汀,B组只给予常规治疗,服药持续时间为四周.结果:两组治疗前T淋巴细胞亚群比较无显著性差异,TNF-α及IL-10浓度比较亦无显著差异,两组治疗后比较,CD3+、CD4+、CD8+升高,CD4+/CD8+比值变小,TNF-α浓度降低:IL-10浓度升高,治疗前后有显著性差异(P＜0.05).治疗组与对照组治疗后比较,差异非常显著(P＜0.01).结论:阿托伐他汀能够下调炎症因子水平和上调抗炎因子水平从而改变炎症因子网络平衡,对急性病毒性心肌炎患者具有免疫调节作用.     

缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠对尿毒症维持性血液透析患者炎症因子及营养状况的影响

目的:探讨缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠对维持性血液透析患者炎症因子及其营养状况的影响.方法:将120例维持性血液透析患者随机分为对照组与观察组,每组各60例.给予对照组患者口服阿托伐他汀,观察组患者给予缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠口服.比较两组治疗前后C-反应蛋白(CRP)、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、抵抗素及血清白蛋白(ALb)、血红蛋白(Hb)的变化情况.结果:治疗后6月两组患者hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6及抵抗素水平均显著下降(P＜0.05),但观察组患者上述指标显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组治疗后Alb及Hb水平显著高于对照组,差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠用于维持性血液透析患者,可显著减少炎症因子水平,改善患者营养状况.     

低氧对巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α和IL-6的影响及其机制

目的:观察低氧对巨噬细胞(Mφ)前炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6分泌的影响及其机制.方法:收集分离小鼠腹腔Mφ,建立Mφ的低氧(1% O2,5%CO2)培养模型,并用非特异性酯酶染色法进行鉴定;ELISA法检测上清液中TNF-α和IL-6的含量;RT-PCR法检测TNF-α和IL-6的转录物水平;用Western blot法检测Mφ核内NF-κB的激活量;通过在培养液中加入氢化可的松(5 mg/L),观察低氧时TNF-α和IL-6分泌量的变化.结果:TNF-α和IL-6分泌量在低氧12 h时明显增加(P＜0.01);低氧6 h时,TNF-α mRNA和IL-6 mRNA表达量明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);M中核内NF-κB的激活量在低氧2 h时明显增高(P＜0.05),低氧5 h内持续存在;而当培养液中加入氢化可的松抑制NF-κB活性后,TNF-α和IL-6的分泌水平无明显变化.结论:低氧可通过核转录因子NF-κB途径促进细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6基因的表达和分泌.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.