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1.
性发育对女性最大吸氧量的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据是否发生月经,将11-13岁女童分为未来潮组及已来潮组,比较两组身高,体重,瘦体重及最大吸氧量的差。结果表明同龄月经来潮组女童身高,体重,瘦体重,VO2max绝对值,VO2max/身高及VO2max/HRmax均低于已来潮女童,而VO2max/体重及VO2max/瘦体重略高于已来潮组女童,产生这种差异的可能原因。 相似文献
2.
陈俊民 《中国应用生理学杂志》1996,12(3):247-249
采用实验室递增负荷运动试验和运动现场血乳酸的测定,研究了高原(2260m)女子公路自行车运动员的通气无氧阈,乳酸阈及最大氧耗量,结果发现,通气无氧阈时的氧耗量为2.031/min,功率为131.4W乳酸阈(以运动速度表示)为33.0km/h。通气无氧时对应的心率(137次/min)低于乳酸阈的心率(153次/min)。最大氧耗量的绝对值(2.81/min)和相对值(47.4ml/kg.min)分别 相似文献
3.
陈俊民 《中国应用生理学杂志》1996,(3)
采用实验室递增负荷运动试验和运动现场血乳酸的测定,研究了高原(2260m)女子公路自行车运动员的通气无氧阈、乳酸阈及最大氧耗量。结果发现,通气无氧阈时的氧耗量为2.03l/min,功率为131.4W;乳酸阈(以运动速度表示)为33.0km/h。通气无氧阈时对应的心率(137次/min)低于乳酸阈的心率(153次/min)。最大氧耗量的绝对值(2.8l/min)和相对值(47.4ml/kg.min)分别比平原运动员低22.2%和22.9%,但与平原运动员高原训练期间的测试值(2.8l/min)比较,高原与平原运动员最大氧耗量的差异消失。在相同氧耗量(2.8l/min)条件下运动时,高原运动员完成的功率(251W)低于平原运动员(274W)。 相似文献
4.
最大摄氧量(Vo2max)是评价人体体力的重要指标,其测定方法分直接法和间接法两种。目前所推导的间接计算公式都是在平原、或是在进入高原初期推导的,不适用于高原习服人群。本研究采用逐步回归的方法,推导出移居高原7-27个月、不同高度的青年男性Vo2max间接计算公式。在海拔3680m地区,Vo2max(L/min)=1.1531+0.007327身高(cm)+0.01613体重(kg)-0.005883晨脉(b/min)-0.004534运动心率(60W,6/min),R=0.745,P<0.01,SS=3.7799;或Vo2max(L/min)=1.2186+0.01984体重(kg)+0.07259肺活量(L)-0.006659晨脉(b/min),R=0.713,p<0.01,ss=3.9636。在4350m地区,Vo2.max(L/min)=0.4917+0.01687体重(kg)+0.1109肺活量(L)+0.001983屏气时间(S),R=0.781,P<0.01,SS=2.1356。计算值与实测值比较,变异系数在13%以内,结果准确可靠,适用于青年男性高原习服移居者。 相似文献
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6.
济南市社会经济发展与儿童少年生长的长期变化 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
本文分析了1956-1995年济南市7-18岁儿童少年生长发育的变化趋势。39年间,男女生身高平均增长值分别为10.83cm的9.47cm,平均每10年增长2.768cm和2.43cm;男一体重增长值分别为9.19kg和5.12kg,平均每10年增长2.36kg和1.31kg。将不同年代人均工业总产值作对数转换后发现,与各年龄儿童少年身高、体重的发育水平呈明显的直线正相关,不同年代人均工业总产值的 相似文献
7.
α受体激动对绵羊心脏浦肯野纤维延迟后除极的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用乙酰毒毛旋花子成元0.2μmol/L诱发绵羊心脏浦肯野纤维产生延迟后除极(DAD),采用细胞内微电极记录。在用普奈洛尔1.0μmol/L阻断β受体条件下,苯肾上腺素1.0μmol/L使DAD幅值由8.1±2.2mV增至9.5±2.8mV,时程由240±47ms延长到273±47ms(n=13,PM<0.01),DAD上升速率由0.039±0.023V/s增至0.051±0.026V/s(n=13,P<0.05),DAD在动作电位后出现的时间提前了30±47ms(n=13,P<0.05)。用去甲肾上腺素1.0μmol/L增强DAD引起触发活动时,酚妥0拉明1.8μmol/L不能抑制触发活动,普奈洛尔1.0μmol/L能抑制之。上述结果表明α受体激动对DAD有轻度增强作用,但由DAD引起的触发活动,α受体阻滞剂的抑制作用不如β受体阻滞剂有效。 相似文献
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报道了缢蛏碱性磷酸酶(简称ALP)经不同浓度盐酸胍处理时酶的分子构象所发生的变化以及酶变化和失活的动力学过程。在胍中酶荧光发射峰强度下降,紫外差光谱在246nm和285nm处出现2个负峰,CD谱中酶的α螺旋度下降,且随浓度增大,变化程度也加大。动力学研究表明,酶在0.5mol/L、1.0mol/L、2.0mol/L3.0mol/L、4.0mol/L盐酸胍中的变性速度常数分别为3.21×10~(-4)s~(-1)、6.38×10~(-4)s~(-1)、2.17×10~(-3)s~(-1)、2.33×10~(-3)s~9-1)、5.17×10~(-3)s~(-1);而酶在相应盐酸胍中的失活速度常数分别为2.33×10~(-4)s~(-1)、3.57×10~(-4)s~(-1)、5.86×10~(-4)s~(-1)、1.14×10~(-3)s~(-1)、3.45×10~(-3)s~(-1);表现为失活与构象伸展变化基本平行。 相似文献
10.
侧脑室内注射五肽胃泌素对大鼠血压和心率的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
以动脉血压和心率作为指标,在氨基甲酸乙酯麻醉、三碘季铵酚制动、呼吸机控制呼吸的SD大鼠上,观察到侧脑室内注射五肽胃泌素(G5,4μg)后动脉血压升高,3min时达峰值,由给药前的12.2±1.5kPa增至14.6±1.6kPa;心率增加,其最大值由给药前的435±53.9次/min,增至471.6±53.2次/min。而侧脑室注射生理盐水(pH和容积与G5相同)或静脉注射同剂量的G5,对上述指标均无影响。侧脑预先注射α受体阻断剂酚妥拉明(10μg),可部分桔抗G5对血压和心率的增加效应;而侧脑室预先注射β受体阻断剂心得安(4μg)或侧脑室预先注射M受体阻断剂阿托品(4μg)对G5的血压和心率增加效应均无影响。结果表明:G5具有中枢性升高动脉血压和心率的作用,此作用可能部分由脑内α受体介导。 相似文献
11.
The maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2 max) and ergometer load at a heart rate of 170 beats/min (PWC170) were determined in mentally retarded children (74 boys and 53 girls) of ages 12-15, whose IQ ranged from 36 to 91, and the results were compared with those for normal children. Mentally retarded boys and girls showed significantly inferior body height and weight, but no significant difference was found in skinfold thickness. The mean value of PWC170 for boys and girls was 14.34 kpm/kg/min and 11.31 kpm/kg/min, respectively, significantly less than that of the normal group. The mentally retarded boys had mean VO2 max per unit body weight of 42.4 ml/kg/min, which was significantly less than the 51.2 ml/kg/min of normal boys. The mentally retarded girls had a mean of 33.1 ml/kg/min which was also less than the 41.3 ml/kg/min of normal girls. The correlation coefficient between body weight and PWC170 (kpm/min) was 0.711 and 0.720 for boys and girls, respectively, while that between body weight and VO2 max (liter/min) was 0.641 for boys and 0.656 for girls. No significant correlation was found between IQ and PWC170 (kpm/kg/min) nor between IQ and VO2 max (ml/kg/min) both for boys and for girls. Similarly, no significant correlation was found between mental age and the VO2 max value (ml/kg/min). 相似文献
12.
A new approach to assessing maximal aerobic power in children: the Odense School Child Study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Henrik S. Hansen Karsten Froberg Jens Rokkedal Nielsen Niels Hyldebrandt 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1989,58(6):618-624
In two experiments maximal aerobic power (VO2max) calculated from maximal mechanical power (Wmax) was evaluated in 39 children aged 9-11 years. A maximal multi-stage cycle ergometer exercise test was used with an increase in work load every 3 min. In the first experiment oxygen consumption was measured in 18 children during each of the prescribed work loads and a correction factor was calculated to estimate VO2max using the equation VO2max = 12.Wmax + 5.weight. An appropriate increase in work rate based on height was determined for boys (0.16 W.cm-1) and girls (0.15 W.cm-1) respectively. In the second experiment 21 children performed a maximal cycle ergometer exercise test twice. In addition to the procedure in the first experiment a similar exercise test was performed, but without measurement of oxygen uptake. Calculated VO2max correlated significantly (p less than 0.01) with those values measured in both boys (r = 0.90) and girls (r = 0.95) respectively, and the standard error of estimation for VO2max (calculated) on VO2max (measured) was less than 3.2%. Two expressions of relative work load (%VO2max and %Wmax) were established and found to be closely correlated. The relative work load in %VO2max could be predicted from the relative work load in %Wmax with an average standard error of 3.8%. The data demonstrate that calculated VO2max based on a maximal multi-stage exercise test provides an accurate and valid estimate of VO2max. 相似文献
13.
Esco MR Olson MS Williford HN Mugu EM Bloomquist BE McHugh AN 《Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association》2012,26(7):1920-1927
The purpose of this investigation was to crossvalidate 2 equations that use the ratio of maximal heart rate (HRmax) to resting HR (HRrest) for predicting maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in white and black men. One hundred and nine white (n = 51) and black (n = 58) men completed a maximal exercise test on a treadmill to determine VO2max. The HRrest and HRmax were used to predict VO2max via the HRindex and HRratio equations. Validity statistics were done to compare the criterion versus predicted VO2max values across the entire cohort and within each race separately. For the entire group, VO2max was significantly overestimated with the HRindex equation, but the HRratio equation yielded no significant difference compared with the criterion. In addition, there were no significant differences shown between VO2max and either HR-based prediction equation for the white subgroup. However, both equations significantly overestimated VO2max in the black group. Furthermore, large standard error of estimates (ranging from 6.92 to 7.90 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)), total errors (ranging from 8.30 to 8.62 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)), and limits of agreement (ranging from upper limits of 16.65 to lower limits of -18.25 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) were revealed when comparing the predicted to criterion VO2max for both the groups. Considering the results of this investigation, the HRratio and HRindex methods appear to crossvalidate and prove useful for estimating the mean VO2max in white men as a group but not for an age-matched group of black men. However, because of inflated values for error, caution should be exercised when using these methods to predict individual VO2max. 相似文献
14.
F K Lotgering P C Struijk M B van Doorn H C Wallenburg 《Journal of applied physiology》1992,72(2):562-567
This study was designed to determine the accuracy of estimated values of maximal heart rate (HRmax) and oxygen consumption (VO2) during pregnancy. We measured HR and maximal VO2 (VO2max) at rest and during cycle (CE) and treadmill exercise (TE) tests with rapidly increasing exercise intensities during gestation and after delivery. Pregnancy was found to affect the linear relationship of HR and %VO2max so that the intercept increases with advancing gestation and the slope decreases. Estimated maximal HR (HRmax, est), 220 - age (yr) x beats/min, overestimated measured HRmax by 8% (CE) and 5% (TE). For VO2max estimated by Astrand's nomogram (VO2max, est1) and by linear extrapolation of submaximal values of HR and VO2 to HRmax, est (VO2max, est2), individual errors were large (SD 17-28%). Mean VO2max, est1 overestimated measured VO2max by 20% during CE but not during TE (-2%) and elicited the erroneous impression that VO2max decreases during CE in pregnancy. Mean VO2max, est2 values were not significantly different from measured VO2max values. This apparent accuracy resulted from two opposing errors: 1) HRmax, est overestimated HRmax, and 2) above 70% VO2max the slope of the HR-%VO2max relationship was significantly reduced. Therefore neither method to estimate VO2max can replace the measurement of VO2max. 相似文献
15.
Marsh CE 《Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association》2012,26(2):548-554
The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the American College of Sports Medicine's (ACSM's) submaximal treadmill running test in predicting VO2max. Twenty-one moderately well-trained men aged 18-34 years performed 1 maximal treadmill test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (M VO2max) and 2 submaximal treadmill tests using 4 stages of continuous submaximal exercise. Estimated VO2max was predicted by extrapolation to age-predicted maximal heart rate (HRmax) and calculated in 2 ways: using data from all submaximal stages between 110 b·min(-1) and 85% HRmax (P VO2max-All), and using data from the last 2 stages only (P VO2max-2). The measured VO2max was overestimated by 3% on average for the group but was not significantly different to predicted VO2max (1-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] p = 0.695; M VO2max = 53.01 ± 5.38; P VO2max-All = 54.27 ± 7.16; P VO2max-2 = 54.99 ± 7.69 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)), although M VO2max was not overestimated in all the participants--it was underestimated in 30% of observations. Pearson's correlation, standard error of estimate (SEE), and total error (E) between measured and predicted VO2max were r = 0.646, 4.35, 4.08 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) (P VO2max-All) and r = 0.642, 4.21, 3.98 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) (P VO2max-2) indicating that the accuracy in prediction (error) was very similar whether using P VO2max-All or P VO2max-2, with up to 70% of the participants predicted scores within 1 SEE (~4 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) of M VO2max. In conclusion, the ACSM equation provides a reasonably good estimation of VO2max with no difference in predictive accuracy between P VO2max-2 and P VO2max-All, and hence, either approach may be equally useful in tracking an individual's aerobic fitness over time. However, if a precise knowledge of VO2max is required, then it is recommended that this be measured directly. 相似文献
16.
游泳训练对儿童最大有氧活动能力的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文利用步行机对91名8-11岁男女儿童进行最大有氧活动能力的测试,其中训练组42人选自北京市海滨区业余游泳队的儿童,对照组49人(男24人,女25人)选自与训练组儿童条件相近的普通学校学生。观察9个月的游泳训练对儿童有氧活动能力的影响。研究结果表明,训练组儿童的身高,体重,瘦体重和肺活量在观察前及观察后的两次测试中均高于对照组。观察期间形态指标的增长值和两组值在两组间大都无明显差别,表明两组儿童 相似文献
17.
We investigated differences in walking (80 m/min) and running (147 m/min) economy [submaximal oxygen consumption (VO(2) (submax))] between adolescent girls (n = 13; age = 13.3 +/- 0.9 yr) and young women (n = 23; age = 21.0 +/- 1.5 yr). Subjects were matched for height (158.7 +/- 2.9 cm) and weight (52.1 +/- 3.0 kg). Anthropometric measures (height, weight, breadths, skinfolds) and preexercise oxygen consumption were obtained on all subjects before submaximal and maximal treadmill exercise. Anthropometric measures were similar between groups, as was maximal oxygen consumption (girls, 47.7 +/- 5.2; women, 47.5 +/- 5.7 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)). VO(2) (submax) was significantly greater (P < 0.0002) in girls compared with women during both walking (16.4 +/- 1.7 vs. 14.4 +/- 1. 1 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)) and running (38.1 +/- 3.7 vs. 33.9 +/- 2.4 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)). Preexercise oxygen consumption (4.4 vs. 3.9 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)) accounted for only a fraction of the differences found in exercise economy. Although heart rate and respiratory frequency were greater in the girls in both walking (118 +/- 11 vs. 104 +/- 12 beats/min and 31 +/- 3 vs. 25 +/- 4 breaths/min, respectively; P < 0.002) and running (180 +/- 15 vs. 163 +/- 17 beats/min and 47 +/- 11 vs. 38 +/- 8 breaths/min; P < 0.005), this did not likely account for a large part of the difference in VO(2) (submax) between groups. 相似文献
18.
W van Mechelen H Hlobil H C Kemper 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1986,55(5):503-506
In order to validate the "Maximal Multistage 20 Meter Shuttle Run Test" by Leger and Lambert (1982) (20-MST) as an estimate of maximal aerobic power (VO2max) and to compare the results of this test with the results of a 6 min endurance run, 82 subjects (41 boys and 41 girls) aged 12-14 performed the 20-MST and the 6 min endurance run, and had their VO2max directly measured during maximal treadmill running. The 20-MST is a maximal running test starting at a running speed of 8.0 km X h-1, which is increased every minute and in which the pace is set by an audio signal. Performing the test, one runs a 20-meter course back and forth. The test result is expressed as "palier" (one palier is approximately one minute). The mean results of the 20-MST were, for boys, 8.0 palier (+/- 1.7) and for girls, 6.4 palier (+/- 1.5). The mean results of the 6 min endurance run were for boys, 1264.4 meters (+/- 160.8), and for girls, 1103.9 meters (+/- 144.7). The mean VO2max for boys was 53.2 ml X kg-1 X min-1 (+/- 5.4) and for girls, 44.1 (+/- 4.8) ml X kg-1 X min-1. The correlation coefficient between VO2max and the 20-MST was found to be 0.68 (+/- 3.9) for boys, 0.69 (+/- 3.4) for girls and 0.76 (+/- 4.4) for both sexes, and that of VO2max with the 6 min endurance run was 0.51 (+/- 4.6) for boys, 0.45 (+/- 4.3) for girls and 0.63 (+/- 5.3) for both sexes. The conclusion is that the 20-MST is a suitable tool for the evaluation of maximal aerobic power. Although the differences in validity between the 20-MST and the 6 minutes endurance run were statistically not significant (p greater than 0.05), for reasons of practicability the 20-MST should be preferred to the 6 minutes endurance run when used in physical education classes. 相似文献
19.
Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2 max) of 85 healthy kindergarten children, 46 boys and 39 girls, aged 5 and 6 years, was determined by means of track running. Their physique, skinfold thickness, grip and back muscle strength, and performances of 25 m-run, 50 m-run, standing broad jump, and 5 min-endurance run were also measured. Skinfold thickness of girls was significantly larger than that of boys. Boys were significantly superior to girls in all the motor performances. The Vo2 max per unit of body weight was 49.46 ml/kg/min for boys and 46.30 ml/kg/min for girls, the sex difference being significant at the 0.001 level. The correlation coefficient between Vo2 max per kg body weight and 5 min-endurance run performance was 0.417 for boys and 0.049 for girls, while that between absolute Vo2 max and body weight was 0.899 for boys and 0.563 for girls. The regression equation of the absolute value of Vo2 max (liter/min) on body weight (kg) was: Y=0.051X-0.025 for boys and Y=0.024 + 0.408 for girls, the regression coefficient of boys being twice as large as that of girls. It appears that at ages 5-6 sex differences are exhibited ont only in muscle strength and agility but also in endurance run and aerobic work capacity. 相似文献
20.
T Reybrouck M Weymans H Stijns J Knops L van der Hauwaert 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1985,54(3):278-284
The ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) during graded exercise was defined as the oxygen uptake (VO2) immediately below the exercise intensity at which pulmonary ventilation increased disproportionally relative to VO2. Since VAT is considered to be a sensitive and noninvasive measure for evaluating cardiorespiratory endurance performance, the purpose of the present study was to determine normal values in children. We examined 257 healthy children (140 boys and 117 girls) varying in age from 5.7 to 18.5 years, during treadmill exercise. The data were analyzed in relation to sex and age. In boys the lowest VO2max (ml X min-1 X kg-1) was found in the youngest age group (5-6 year). In girls, on the other hand, no significant increase occurred with age. For VAT, expressed as ml O2 X min-1 X kg-1 or as a percent of VO2max, a significant decrease was found in boys and girls with age. This suggests an increase in lactacid anaerobic capacity during growth. In contrast to observations in adults, only low correlations were found between VO2max and VAT (r = 0.28 in boys and r = 0.52 in girls), which suggests that the development of the underlying physiological mechanism does not occur at the same rate in growing children. These data provide normal values for VAT that can be used for clinical exercise testing in the pediatric age group. 相似文献