亚草叶蝉属分类订正（半翅目：叶蝉科：角顶叶蝉亚科：隆脊叶蝉族）

对亚草叶蝉属进行系统研究并首次报道其在中国分布,共记述5种：E. acarifer (Lethierry),E. hilaris (Melichar),E. magnus Mitjaev,E. medius (Mulsant & Rey) 和E. pratensis Emeljanov,其中E. hilaris (Melichar) 和E. medius (Mulsant & Rey) 为中国新记录种。文中提供了分种检索表和雄性外生殖器特征图,并首次记述和提供雌性生殖器特征。     

中国毛室茧蜂属记述并附二新种描述（膜翅目：茧蜂科：优茧蜂亚科）

毛室茧蜂属LeiophronNees是茧蜂科优茧蜂亚科中1个较大的属,含3个亚属啮虫茧蜂亚属EuphoriellaAshmead,拟优茧蜂亚属EuphorianaGahan和毛室茧蜂亚属Leiophrons.s,寄生于半翅目和啮虫目的若虫。本文对毛室茧蜂属的中国种类进行了研究,共报道7种,其中5种为已知种程氏毛室茧蜂L.(Euphoriana)chengiChen&vanAchterberg,1997、狭翅毛室茧蜂L.(L.)bounluoicaBelokobylskij,1993、黄体毛室茧蜂L.(L.)flavicorpusChen&vanAchterberg,1997、红头毛室茧蜂L.(L.)ruficephalusChen&vanAchterberg,1997和细毛室茧蜂L.(L.)subtilisChen&vanAchterberg;2种为新种大头毛室茧蜂L.(E.)amplicaptis,sp.nov.和伊春毛室茧蜂L.(L.)yichunensis,sp.nov.。研究标本(包括模式标本)保存在浙江大学应用昆虫研究所寄生蜂标本室。 1.大头毛室茧蜂Leiophron(Euphoriana)amplicaptis,新种(图1～5) 　　本种与程氏毛室茧蜂L.(E.)chengiChen&vanAchterberg,1997相似,但前翅1-SR+M、m-cu、2-Cu1、2-M和2-SR脉缺,基节前沟缺,盾纵沟存在,浅,腹部第1背板具纵刻纹,触角15节,脸宽为高的1.1倍及体较小等特征可与后者相区别。 　　研究标本正模,♀,吉林通化,1994-Ⅷ-01,娄巨贤,no.976813。 2.伊春毛室茧蜂Leiophron(Leiophron)yichunensis,新种(图6～10) 　　本种与黄体毛室茧蜂L.(L.)flavicorpusChen&vanAchterberg,1997相似,但本种前翅SR1和2-SR脉出自翅痣同一地点、唇基腹缘明显突出、盾纵沟区域光滑、腹部第1节背板长为端宽的3.1倍等特征可与后者相区别。 　　研究标本正模,♀,黑龙江伊春,1994-Ⅶ-19～26,娄巨贤,no.952676。副模1♂,采集记录同正模,no.952608。     

Helminths in Mesaspis monticola (Squamata: Anguidae) from Costa Rica, with the description of a new species of Entomelas (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) and a new species of Skrjabinodon (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae)

Entomelas duellmani n. sp. (Rhabditida: Rhabdiasidae) from the lungs and Skrjabinodon cortagoensis n. sp. (Oxyurida: Pharyngodonidae) from the intestines of Mesaspis monticola (Sauria: Anguidae) are described and illustrated. E. duellmani is the sixth species assigned to the genus and is the third species described from the Western Hemisphere. It is easily separated from other neotropical species in the genus by pre-equatorial position of its vulva. Skrjabinodon cartagoensis is the 24th species assigned to the genus and differs from other neotropical species in the genus by female tail morphology.     

A Study on Dichocarpum (Ranunculaceae)

The genus Dichocarpum was established by W. T. Wang and Hsiao in 1964, who divided the genus into 2 sections: Sect. Dichocarpum including 10 species distributed on the mainland of E. Asia, and Sect. Hutchinsonia including 9 species native to Japan. M. Tamura and L. A. Lauener made a revision of the genus in 1968, who divided the genus into 4 sections, three for the species of the mainland of E. Asia, including 3 series and 10 species, and the other for the species of Japan, including 2 subsections, 3 series and 9 species. In the present paper, the genus is divided into 2 sections and 6 series, including 15 species and 3 varieties, and a putative phylogeny of the genus is proposed. The genus may be close to the genus Asteropyrum, and these two genera are rather specialized in Thalictroides (Ranunculaceae), because they have three very similar characters: the petal with a long claw, the stephanocolpate pollen and the chromosome morphology. The genus has 2n=24, 35(36?), which indicates that its basic number is X=6, and the species on the mainland of E. Asia (Sect. Dichocarpum) may well be paleotetraploids, whereas those in Japan (sect. Hutchinsonia) are paleohexaploids. Most of the advanced species are distributed in Japan and the most primitive ones in China and the Himalayas, the distribution pattern seggests that the Japanese members of this genus might have immigrated from China in the Tertiary, and differentiated and evolved there. The putative phylogeny of the genus is shown in Fig. 2 (at series level)     

绒鼠类系统学研究(啮齿目:仓鼠科:田鼠亚科)

在系统综述的基础上对绒鼠属Eothenomys的分类进行了探讨,认为Eothenomys属的典型特征应力;下颌骨臼齿咀嚼面左右两侧的三角形齿环均不呈交错排列,而是两两相对,彼此相融合;二倍染色体数2m=56,全部常染色体均为端部着丝粒（T）,东方绒鼠亚属Antheliomys5种中,至少玉龙绒鼠E.proditor不属于此属不能排除恢复Antheliomys属级分类地位的可能性,同意将Caryomys独立为绒Ping属;将Craseomys shanseius Thomas,1908(=E.shanseius)订正为棕背Ping的山西亚种C.r.shanseius。台湾绒鼠Eothenomys kanoi Tokuda,1937的染色体特征与Clethrionomys属相似,不应收入绒鼠属,其分类地位待定。Clethrionomys属和Eothenomys属化石种均最早出现于早更新世,目前还不能断定此二属究竟谁起源于谁,也许它们共同起源于第三者。     

Taxonomic study of the genus Etiella Zeller(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae:Phycitinae) in China

The genus Etiella Zeller,1839 is reviewed in China.Etiella brevis sp.nov.is described as new;E.grisea Hampson,1903 and E.wahinghamella Ragonot,1888 are newly recorded for China.Images of adults and genitalia are provided,along with a key to all the known Chinese species of this genus.     

Taxonomic review of genus Evergestis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from Northeast China

Four species of the genus Evergestis Hübner, 1816–1826 are recognized from NE China, of which E. pallidata (Hufnagel 1767) is reported for the first time from China. The adults and genitalia of the species are briefly redescribed and illustrated with their distributional ranges, host plants and biology. A key to species of the genus based on the external characters is provided.     

食植瓢虫属Epilachna中国新记录种及两种幼虫的形态记述(鞘翅目:瓢虫科)

记述食植瓢虫属 Epilachna Chevrolat3种中国新记录种及其 2种幼虫形态 ,编制了该属中国已知幼虫种类检索表。新记录种和幼虫标本均保存于南京农业大学昆虫标本室。     

Species delimitation in the continental forms of the genus Epicrates (Serpentes, Boidae) integrating phylogenetics and environmental niche models

Until recently, the genus Epicrates (Boidae) presented only one continental species, Epicrates cenchria, distributed in Central and South America, but after a taxonomic revision using morphologic characters five species were recognized: E. cenchria, E. crassus, E. maurus, E. assisi, and E. alvarezi. We analyzed two independent data sets, environmental niche models and phylogeny based on molecular information, to explore species delimitation in the continental species of this genus. Our results indicated that the environmental requirements of the species are different; therefore there are not evidences of ecological interchangeability among them. There is a clear correlation between species distributions and the major biogeographic regions of Central and South America. Their overall distribution reveals that allopatry or parapatry is the general pattern. These evidences suggest that habitat isolation prevents or limits gene exchange among them. The phylogenetic reconstruction showed that the continental Epicrates are monophyletic, being E. alvarezi the sister species for the remaining two clades: E. crassus-E. assisi, and E. maurus-E. cenchria. The clade grouping the continental Epicrates is the sister taxon of the genus Eunectes and not of the Caribbean Epicrates clade, indicating that the genus is paraphyletic. There is a non-consistent pattern in niche evolution among continental Epicrates. On the contrary, a high variation and abrupt shifts in environmental variables are shown when ancestral character states were reconstructed on the sequence-based tree. The degree of genetic and ecological divergence among continental Epicrates and the phylogenetic analyses support the elevation to full species of E. cenchria, E. crassus, E. maurus, E. assisi, and E. alvarezi.     

中国绿小卷蛾属Eucoenogenes分类研究(鳞翅目:卷蛾科:新小卷蛾亚科)

本文报道了中国绿小卷蛾属6种,包括2新种和1新记录种：长绿小卷蛾Eucoenogenes elongata,sp．nov．,武夷绿小卷蛾Eucoenogenes wuyiensis,sp．nov．和叉绿小卷蛾Eucoenogenes cyanopsis(Meyrick)。文中给出中国已知6个种的检索表。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。1．长绿小卷蛾Eucoenogenes elongata,新种(图1～2)翅展13．5mm。正模：♂,云南巍山县巍宝山,海拔2200m,2001-Ⅶ-20,李后魂,玻片号ZAH03725。本种与同属其它种的区别在于：雄性爪形突下垂,抱器瓣狭长,左侧颈部具5根粗刺,右侧具四根。2．武夷绿小卷蛾Eucoenogenes wuyiensis,新种(图3～4)翅展13．0mm。正模：♂,福建武夷山仙峰岭,海拔1000m,2004-Ⅴ-26,于海丽采,玻片号ZAH04215副模：1♂,同正模。本种与其余种明显不同,区别在于：雄性爪形突细长,尾突侧生,三角形,抱器瓣颈部具一根粗刺。     

中国圆鳞蚁属一新种记述(膜翅目:蚁科)

A new species of the ant genus Epitritus Emery, E. dayui sp. nov., is collected in Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China. Up to date, 4 species of the genus are known in China: E. hexamerus Brown, E. formosus Terayama, Lin et Wu, E. hirashimai Ogata, and E. dayui sp. nov. A key based on worker and female castes is proposed for the 4 known species of Epitritus of East Asia.     

Phylogeny and character behavior in the family Lemuridae

A phylogenetic analysis of the family Lemuridae was accomplished using multiple gene partitions and morphological characters. The results of the study suggest that several nodes in the lemurid phylogeny can be robustly resolved; however, the relationships of the species within the genus Eulemur are problematically nonrobust. The genus Varecia is strongly supported as the basal genus in the family. Hapalemur and Lemur catta are strongly supported as sister taxa and together are the sister group to the genus Eulemur. E. mongoz is the most basal species in the genus Eulemur. E. fulvus subspecies form a monophyletic group with three distinct lineages. E. coronatus is strongly supported as the sister taxon to E. macaco. The relationships of E. rubriventer, E. fulvus, and the E. macaco-E. coronatus pair are unresolved. Our combined molecular and morphological analysis demonstrates the lack of influence that morphology has on the simultaneous analysis tree when these two kinds of data are given equal weight. The effects of several extreme weighting schemes (removal of transitions and of third positions in protein-coding regions) and maximum-likelihood analysis were also explored. We suggest that these other forms of inference add little to resolving the problematic relationships of the species in the genus Eulemur.     

Revision of the genus Evanos Laporte de Castelnau, 1840, with the description of a second species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Rutelidae: Geniatini)

The monotypic genus Evanos (Coleoptera: Rutelidae: Geniatini) is revised and a new species, E. danieleae Grossi, n. sp., is described based on specimens collected from Minas Gerais, Brazil. A lectotype is designated for Evanos villatus. Diagnostic characters and comments about the taxonomic status of the genus are given, as well as a key for both species and a distribution map with the known locality records.     

Taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of central European Eresus species (Araneae: Eresidae)

Ladybird spiders ( Eresus spp.) have attracted scientific interest since the 18th century, but taxonomical knowledge of the genus is unsatisfactory. Early classification based on colour and size variation divided European Eresus into numerous species. These were later lumped into one predominant morphospecies, Eresus niger / E. cinnaberinus , which could be found from Portugal to Central Asia. Here, we perform a major revision of Eresus from northern and central Europe using morphological, phenological, habitat, distribution and molecular data. Three species, E. kollari , E. sandaliatus and E. moravicus sp. n. were distinguished. The name E. niger (originally Aranea nigra ) cannot be used as the name A. nigra was used for a previous spider species. The name E. cinnaberinus is considered a nomen dubium . The three species differ in size, colour pattern, shape of prosoma and copulatory organs, phenology, and have slightly different habitat requirements. No morphologically intermediate forms were recorded. In contrast to distinct morphology and phenology, the genus is genetically complex. Genetically, the mitochondrial haplotypes of E. sandaliatus and E. moravicus sp. n. are monophyletic, whereas those of E. kollari are paraphyletic. Eastern central European E. kollari is likely a hybrid lineage between E. sandaliatus and the monophyletic western central European E. kollari . Because eastern and western European E. kollari are morphologically and phenologically indistinguishable, we did not formally split them. However, detailed population-based research in the future may partition E. kollari into additional species.     

中国斑水螟属系统分类研究及二新种记述(鳞翅目,草螟科,水螟亚科)

对中国斑水螟属Eoophyla Swinhoe进行了系统研究,共记录16种.其中有2新种和中国3新纪录种,它们是:暗斑水螟(新种)E.abstrusa sp.nov.,该种与华斑水螟E.sinensis(Hampson)相似,主要区别在于新种色暗,沿前翅后缘无新月形白斑,雄性外生殖器抱器瓣顶端凹陷,雌性外生殖器前、后表皮突等长;显斑水螟(新种)E. evidens spnov.,该种与短斑水螟E.hamalis(Snellen)相似,主要区别在于新种沿前翅后缘无白斑,外线外白区小,雄性外生殖器爪形突端部尖,雌性外生殖器具2对囊突区;黑斑水螟E.melanops(Hampson)新纪录于广西上思和贵州江口,国外分布于泰国和印度;长鞭斑水螟E.nigripilosa Yoshiyasu新纪录于云南勐腊,国外分布于泰国;泰斑水螟E.thaiensisYoshiyasu新纪录于广西上思,国外分布于泰国.文中给出了中国斑水螟属分种检索表,提供了新种成虫照片和外生殖器特征图.模式标本保存于南开大学生物系.     

Assessment of monophyly of species-groups within Afrotropical Empidini (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae), with a cladistic analysis of the Empis setitarsus-group

Abstract.  The Afrotropical Empidini are reviewed from a phylogenetic point of view. Seven monophyletic groups are recognized within the tribe, namely Empis ( Coptophlebia ) bivittata , E. ( C ) chrysocera , E. ( C ) hyalea , E. ( C ) namwamba , E. ( C ) poecilosoma , E. ( Disneyempis ) and E. setitarsus . Their monophyly is assessed by comparison with the remaining Empidini. The E. setitarsus -group is cladistically analysed to study the evolution of the length of vein M1 by optimization on the cladogram, and the status of subgenus Coptophlebia Bezzi is discussed. A key to the seven Afrotropical species-groups of Empidini is provided, genus Rhamphomyia is no longer recognized for the Afrotropical Region, and four new species belonging to the E. setitarsus -group, namely E. cinerarius sp.n., E. pseudosetitarsus sp.n., E. spinosa sp.n and E. spungaberaensis sp.n., are described and included in a key to all known species of this group.     

中国海胆蚁属分类研究（膜翅目：蚁科）

记录中国海胆蚁属Echinopla蚂蚁3种,即乞拉朋海胆蚁E.cherapunjiensis、条纹海胆蚁E.striat和侧毛海胆蚁E.lateropilosa,后者为中国新记录种.提供了工蚁形态描述、测量数据、地理分布和高清彩图,编制了工蚁分种检索表.     

Genomic relationships among diploid and polyploid species of the genus Eryngium L. using genomic in situ hybridization

Eryngium L. (Umbelliferae) is a large genus including more than 250 species worldwide. The large morphological variability in this genus makes it difficult to delimit the species or to establish phylogenetic relationships. The occurrence of different ploidy levels within the genus might indicate a hybrid origin of the polyploid species. In the present study, the chromosome number and karyotype of E. regnellii are reportedfor the first time and the ploidy level of a population of E. paniculatum is confirmed. We compare the genomes of the diploids E. horridum and E. eburneum, the tetraploids E. megapotamicum and E. regnellii, and the hexaploids E. pandanifolium (as a representative of the whole pandanifolium complex) and E. paniculatum using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Although it was not possible to identify the parental species of the polyploid taxa analyzed, the GISH technique allowed us to postulate some hypotheses about their origin. Eryngium horridum and E. eburneum do not seem to be the direct progenitors of the polyploids analyzed. On the other hand, it seems that other diploid species unrelated to E. horridum and E. eburneum are involved in their origin. Our results are consistent with morphological and phylogenetic studies, indicating a close relationship between the species of the series Latifolia.     

中国哎猎蝽属厘订（半翅目：猎蝽科：盗猎蝽亚科）

本文作者对中国的哎猎蝽属EctomocorisMayr进行了订正。 此属国内以前记述共4种。通过研究发现黑哎猎蝽E.atrox(Stal)实际上包括另一个种——小黑哎猎蝽E.maldonadoi,新种;我们观察的黑哎猪蝽的所有中国标本均比爪哇产的选模标本体大色深,二者雌虫生殖节的构造亦有一定差异,但其色斑型相似;前者是否应作为一亚种或新种尚需研究东南亚一带的大宗标本。二星哎猎蝽E.biguttulusStal与产菲律宾的模式标本在色斑的大小及形状上稍有差异,其地理变异及种群分化有待进一步研究。黑缘哎猎蝽E.erebus Distant,1904是马达加斯加产E.erebus(Distant),1903的同名,故而给前者以新名E.distanti Cai et Lu。“黄斑哎猎蝽”E.flavomaculatusStal为E.yayeyamae(Mats.)的错误鉴定,真正的E.flavomaculatusStal目前还没有在我国发现;由于其中文名称系据E.flavomaculaus的种名而来,所以作者建议E.yayeyamae(Mats.)的中名为“亚哎猎蝽”,这样中文名称不仅是根据其种名的第一个音节的发音,而且还意味着其在亚洲的分布。 根据亚哎猎蝽E.yayeyamae(Mats.)阳茎的特殊结构,建立了双臂哎猎蝽亚属Biarmocoris Cai et Lu,亚属名以其内阳茎体有两个臂状骨化结构而得。 文中为4种哎猎蝽E.atrox(Stal),E.biguttulus Stal,E.erebus(Distant)