Antilactoferrin activity of microorganisms

The detection rate of the antilactoferrin sign and the level of its manifestation in 165 strains of different microbial species, isolated from patients with inflammatory diseases and intestinal dysbacteriosis, were analyzed. The detection rate of antilactoferrin activity was 43 - 90% for Escherichia coli strains, 20 - 86% for Staphylococcus aureus, 60 - 100% for Klebsiella pneumoniae, 76 - 78% for Candida albicans, isolated from different biotopes of man. Most frequently and with high levels of manifestation this sign was registered in strains isolated from the reproductive tract of women. The detection rate of this sign and the level of its manifestation in bacteria of the vaginal and cervical microbiocenosis, isolated from patients, were higher in comparison with healthy persons. The inverse dependence between the level of the antilactoferrin activity of microflora and the content of lactoferrin during the inflammatory process in women was established.     

Antibiotic activity of marine microorganisms

Summary 1. 41 sea water samples vollected between 18°00'N – 72°00'E and 18°52'N – 72°85'E were screened for marine bacteria possessing antagonistic properties againstStaphylococcus aureus andSalmonella typhosa.2. Of 60 cultures elaborating antibiotic principles, a majority (45) were aerobic spore forming bacilli; the rest included gram-positive cocci (11), gram-negative bacilli (2) and streptomycetes (2).3. The majority of the isolates showed higher activity against the gram-negative test organism.4. Eleven different media were used to observe the effect of nutrients on the production of antibiotic substances.

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Antibiotische Aktivität mariner Mikroorganismen

Kurzfassung Aus 41 Seewasserproben verschiedener Herkunft wurden 60 Stämme mariner Bakterien mit antagonistischen Eigenschaften gegenüberStaphylococcus aureus undSalmonella typhosa isoliert. Die Wirkung verschiedener Nährstoffe auf die Produktion der antimikrobiellen Substanzen wurde untersucht.

     

Biological activity of probiotic microorganisms

Adaptation of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria to nutrient media with increased concentrations of bile (1%) and protein substrates of animal origin allowed the variants resistant to bile and displaying a high production of proteolytic enzymes (active within the pH range of 2.5-9.0) to be selected. Administration of the preparations involving the selected bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria assisted in the normalization of the intestinal microflora and activation of protein metabolism in the organism of animals. Specifically, it increased the total protein level in blood serum and redistributed protein fractions, increasing the content of globulins and decreasing albumin concentration.     

Biological activity of probiotic microorganisms

Adaptation of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria to nutrient media with increased concentrations of bile (1%) and protein substrates of animal origin allowed the variants resistant to bile and displaying a high production of proteolytic enzymes (active within the pH range of 2.5–9.0) to be selected. Administration of the preparations involving the selected bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria assisted in the normalization of the intestinal microflora and activation of protein metabolism in the organism of animals. Specifically, it increased the total protein level in blood serum and redistributed protein fractions, increasing the content of globulins and decreasing albumin concentration.     

Metabolic activity of microorganisms in evaporites

Crystalline salt is generally considered so hostile to most forms of life that it has been used for centuries as a preservative. Here, we present evidence that prokaryotes inhabiting a natural evaporite crust of halite and gypsum are metabolically active while inside the evaporite for at least 10 months. In situ measurements demonstrated that some of these "endoevaporitic" microorganisms (probably the cyanobacterium Synechococcus Nageli) fixed carbon and nitrogen. Denitrification was not observed. Our results quantified the slow microbial activity that can occur in salt crystals. Implications of this study include the possibility that microorganisms found in ancient evaporite deposits may have been part of an evaporite community.     

Estimation of the hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity of microorganisms

A method allowing the microorganisms growing on substrates with a low water solubility (oil, fuel oil, resins, and asphalthenes) to be isolated and counted was developed. An advantage of the method is its ability to estimate the oil-utilizing activity of each strain visually according to the decolorized zones formed during its growth on oil products. The sizes of these zones indicate which oil-degrading strain is most active.     

Distribution of cyclic imide-transforming activity in microorganisms

Cyclic imide-transforming activity was found to be widely distributed in bacteria, yeast and molds. This activity was not correlated with cyclic ureide-transforming activity in bacteria, but there was some correlation in yeast and molds. These two activities are probably catalyzed by different enzymes in bacteria. Besides the well-known cyclic ureide transformation, cyclic imide transformation by microorganisms was common.     

乳糖酶研究进展

乳糖酶作为乳品添加剂,应用相当广泛,通过来源及其性质、基础研究和应用等方面对乳糖酶进行综述,重点介绍乳糖酶研究上的新进展和应用的新领域,由于近年来低温乳糖酶成为研究热点,特别对低温乳糖酶的研究进行介绍.     

Lactase Production from Lactobacillus acidophilus

Summary A lactobacillus strain isolated from fermented Ragi (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) was characterized as Lactobacillus acidophilus. The isolate was found to be homofermentative, slime-forming and a lactase (β-galactosidase) producer. Production, recovery, characterization and performance of lactase were studied at laboratory scale from 100 ml to 5 l under stationary and stirred conditions. 1.5% lactose was found to be the best carbon source for lactase production. The lactose content could be reduced to 0.75% by supplementing with 1% ragi, thus making the media economically more attractive. A 6.5-fold increase (5400 U ml⁻¹) was achieved on scale-up. Performance of the lactase obtained from this strain was found to be slightly better than the commercial lactase produced by Kluyveromyces lactis.     

Method of determining the antilysozyme activity of microorganisms

The method for the determination of the antilysozyme activity of microorganisms is described. The method consists in the cultivation of the strains under study in a lysozyme-containing medium, and the effect of lysozyme inactivation is determined from the growth of Micrococcus luteu S indicator strain adjacent to active strains. The quantitative evaluation of this property is presented. The study of 1 296 strains belonging to 9 genera has disclosed that antilysozyme activity occurs most frequently among Gram-negative bacteria.