Tet调控STGC3基因表达的CNE2细胞系裸鼠成瘤实验性研究

STGC3基因是一个新近克隆的肿瘤相关基因,前期的体外实验研究结果表明,STGC3基因在CNE2鼻咽癌细胞系高表达,可明显抑制CNE2的生长增殖.采用Tet/pTRE-STGC3/CNE2细胞系接种于裸鼠皮下,以强力霉素(Dox)诱导STGC3基因高表达,观测STGC3基因高表达对CNE2裸鼠体内成瘤的影响,并探讨其可能作用机制.运用RT-PCR、蛋白质印迹及免疫组织化学方法,分别从mRNA和蛋白质水平,分析瘤组织中STGC3基因的表达;用流式细胞仪检测移植瘤组织内肿瘤细胞的凋亡情况;用免疫组织化学方法,检测移植瘤组织凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax的表达.研究结果显示,STGC3蛋白表达主要定位于细胞核内,Dox诱导STGC3基因在Tet/pTRE-STGC3/CNE2细胞系高表达,Tet/pTRE-STGC3/CNE2细胞系裸鼠体内成瘤受到明显抑制,与对照组比较,移植瘤成瘤时间晚、生长慢、肿块小、细胞凋亡率高,Bax蛋白表达增强,Bcl-2蛋白表达减少,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01).此体内实验研究结果与前期体外实验结果一致,进一步证明STGC3基因对肿瘤细胞生长具有抑制作用.     

SPARC基因过表达对SKM-1细胞凋亡的影响

构建SPARc基因过表达载体,转染人骨髓增生异常综合征（myelodysplastic syndrome,MDS）-u／胞系SKM-1细胞,探讨SPARc基因过表达对!＆MDS细胞系SKM一1细胞凋亡的影响。XpcD—NA．SPARC为引物,PCR扩增SPARc基因;将靶基因克隆入慢病毒载体pGC—GV,构建含有删Rc基因的重组慢病毒载体pGC—GV-SPARC,测序检测正确性;将构建载体pGC-GV-5黝尺C砗专染人MDs细胞系SKM-1,流式细胞术检测转染效率,RT-PCR检测sKM-1细胞中SPARCmRNA表达,Westernblot检测SPARC蛋白表达,MTS法测定小剂量阿糖胞苷（30ng／mL）对实验组增殖抑制的影响,AnnexinV检测．洲尺c基因转染后对人SKM-1细胞凋亡的影响。结果显示,构建含有SPARc基因的重组慢病毒载体pGC-GV-SPARC转染效率为（64．25±1．42）％;转染后,SPARCmRNA及蛋白表达在靶细胞中较对照组增多。小剂量阿糖胞苷对转染组的增殖抑制率明显高于其他组。SPARC基因转染后人SKM-1细胞凋亡率较未转染组明显增高,加入阿糖胞苷后人SKM-1细胞凋亡率较对照组明显增高。由此说明,作者成功构建了携带．＆SPARc基因的慢病毒载体,转染．NSKM-1细胞系后稳定表达SPARC基因,SPARC过表达可抑制细胞增殖,且联合小剂量阿糖胞苷（30ng／mL）更有效地抑制SKM-1细胞的增殖,并诱导其凋亡。     

针对uPA的siRNA对人乳腺癌细胞侵袭的抑制作用

目的:通过RNA干涉的方法抑制乳腺癌细胞中uPA的表达,观察uPA的表达抑制后对肿瘤细胞的体外侵袭能力的影响。方法:(1)构建可以表达针对uPA的siRNA的干涉载体,转染高侵袭性人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB231,G418抗性筛选,挑选单克隆株;(2)分别通过RT-PCR和WesternBlot的方法检测uPA的表达;(3)平板克隆形成试验检测转染前后肿瘤细胞的克隆形成能力;4BovdenchamberAssay检测肿瘤细胞体外侵袭能力。结果:(1)可以稳定表达针对uPA的siRNA的单克隆株,uPA的表达水平显著下降;(2)转染了针对uPA的siRNA的单克隆株的克隆形成能力降低;(3)转染了针对uPA的siRNA的单克隆株体外侵袭能力与原代细胞MDA-MB231相比明显受到抑制。结论:uPA在人乳腺癌侵袭行为中发挥重要的作用,针对uPA的siRNA可以显著降低uPA的表达,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的侵袭,可望成为抗肿瘤侵袭治疗的一种有效手段。     

含F／2A序列的抗P185^erbB2人鼠嵌合抗体慢病毒表达载体的构建

目的构建含F／2A序列的抗P185^erbB2人鼠嵌合抗体慢病毒表达载体,观察其在293T细胞中的表达。方法用具有自我剪切能力的弗林蛋白酶（Furin）／口蹄疫病毒2A多肽（F/2A）连接人鼠嵌合抗体的重链和轻链,形成一个开放阅读框（ORF）,插入慢病毒表达载体pWPI,构建重组抗P185神睨全长人鼠嵌合抗体表达载体pWPI／H-F2A—L。以已构建的慢病毒表达载体pWPI／H-IRES-L为对照质粒。应用磷酸钙沉淀法将慢病毒载体3质粒系统共转染入293T细胞进行包装,测定病毒滴度。再感染293T细胞,荧光显微镜下观察GFP的表达和转染效率,RT—PER、ELISA方法分别检测嵌合抗体mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果经测序鉴定,pWPI／H—F2A—L与预期设计一致;pWPI／H—F2A—L组的病毒滴度为4．3×10^5TU／ml,而pWPI／H—IRES—L组的病毒滴度为3．5×10^5TU／ml;两组重组慢病毒的转染效率分别为87．68％和79．08％;两组重组慢病毒感染293T细胞后,都有嵌合重链和嵌合轻链的表达,由F／2A介导的嵌合抗体的表达水平要高于由IRES介导的嵌合抗体。结论成功构建了含F／2A序列的抗P185^erbB2人鼠嵌合抗体慢病毒表达载体,为今后抗P185^erbB2工程抗体的研究奠定了基础。     

人Hes1-shRNA，Hes5-shRNA慢病毒表达载体的构建、包装及鉴定

目的构建人Hesl-shRNA和Hes5-shRNA慢病毒表达载体,为Notch—Hes信号通路的相关研究奠定基础。方法根据人Hes1,Hes5基因mRNA序列分别设计、合成多对互补的DNA单链寡核苷酸,退火后克隆至pENTR／U6入门载体。通过入门载体瞬时转染神经胶质瘤U251细胞筛选有效干扰序列。将含有效干扰序列的入门载体与pLenti6／BLOCK—iT—DEST载体进行LR重组构建Hesl—shRNA和Hes5-shRNA慢病毒表达载体,经脂质体介导入293FT细胞,包装成慢病毒。用该慢病毒感染U251细胞,Western印迹法分别检测Hes1,Hes5蛋白的表达。结果分别构建了针对Hes1和Hes5基因的特异性shRNA慢病毒表达载体,其包装获得慢病毒可有效感染U251细胞并分别对HeM,Hes5蛋白的表达有显著抑制作用。结论成功构建了Hesl—shRNA和Hes5-shRNA慢病毒表达载体。     

Tet调控STGC3基因表达CNE2细胞系的建立及其功能初步研究

利用Tet-on调控系统,建立受强力霉素诱导STGC3基因表达的CNE2细胞系,为进一步研究STGC3的功能提供了一个理想的实验平台.先后将调控质粒pTet-on和反应质粒pTRE-STGC3转染入CNE2细胞,并用G418和潮霉素分别进行两轮筛选,运用RT-PCR选择对强力霉素诱导敏感的细胞克隆.用不同浓度强力霉素诱导CNE2/Tet/pTRE-STGC3细胞,RT-PCR检测STGC3的表达,确定强力霉素的最佳诱导浓度.采用此浓度的强力霉素分别诱导CNE2、CNE2/Tet/pTRE、CNE2/Tet/pTRE-STGC3三组细胞,测定细胞的生长曲线、克隆形成率和细胞周期分布.诱导STGC3基因高表达,CNE2细胞增殖速度显著减慢(P<0.05),克隆形成能力显著降低(P<0.01);流式细胞仪检测结果显示,瘤细胞群体中处于G0/G1期细胞数增加,细胞阻滞于G0/G1期.Tet调控STGC3基因表达CNE2细胞系的成功建立,为进一步研究STGC3基因的功能提供一个理想的细胞模型.     

慢病毒靶向携带Survivin siRNA抗肺腺癌的体内研究

目的:探讨慢病毒载体介导的靶向survivin基因小干涉RNA(survivin-siRNA)对裸鼠移植人肺腺癌的体内抑瘤活性。方法:构建表达survivin-siRNA的慢病毒载体和移植人肺腺癌裸鼠模型,肿瘤组织局部注射survivin-siRNA慢病毒载体,观察肿瘤体积及随时间生长变化;PI染色检测细胞凋亡;流式细胞术检测肿瘤细胞周期变化。结果:慢病毒载体介导survivin-siRNA对裸鼠肺腺癌的抑瘤率为46.07%;30～35%的肿瘤细胞凋亡;G1期细胞比例明显增加,S期细胞比例则明显减少。结论:靶向survivin的RNAi能有效抑制裸鼠移植人肺腺癌的生长,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡和细胞周期改变。     

miR-125b慢病毒表达载体的构建及其对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖和迁移的影响

构建并鉴定miR-125b慢病毒过表达载体,研究miR-125b对卵巢癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响及其可能机制。将PcR扩增的rniR-125b前体序列与经过酶切后的GP—SupersilencingVector进行连接,产生miR-125b重组慢病毒表达载体。将重组慢病毒载体质粒、pGag／Pol、pRev和pVSV-G共转染293T细胞,包装产生慢病毒。使用收获的病毒颗粒感染卵巢癌SKOV3细胞,嘌呤霉素筛选稳定感染细胞株;实时荧光定量PCR（Real．timeqPCR）检测miR-125b在SKV03细胞中的表达;Westernblot检测其潜在靶基因HER-2的表达：MTT实验和Transwell侵袭实验分别观察miR-125b过表达后SKOV3细胞增殖和迁移能力的改变。该研究成功构建miR-125b陧病毒过表达载体,感染卵巢癌SKOV3细胞后,能够过表达miR-125b,并抑制SKOV3细胞的增殖及迁移,降低潜在靶基因HER-2的表达。该研究证叽miR-125b能够抑制SKOV3细胞的增殖及迁移,并可能通过降低潜在靶基因HER-2的表达而实现。     

4E-BP1、4E-BP1-4A 重组慢病毒载体的构建及对胃癌细胞 HGC27生长的影响

目的:构建4E-BP1及其 T37A、T46A、S65A、T70A 突变体4E-BP1-4A 基表达的重组慢病毒载体,研究其对胃癌 HGC27细胞生长的影响.方法:PCR 扩增4E-BP1基及其突变体4E-BP1-4A 基并克隆到 pCDH 载体,构建成 pCDH-4E-BP1、pCDH-4E-BP1-4A,将其与包装载体共转染293T 细胞,包装成 Lenti-4E-BP1及 Lenti-4E-BP1-4A重组慢病毒载体,将此慢病毒感染胃癌 HGC27细胞,Western 印迹鉴定病毒载体介导的4E-BP1、4E-BP1-4A 蛋白的表达,MTT、克隆形成和软琼脂方法研究过量表达4E-BP1、4E-BP1-4A 对胃癌 HGC27细胞生长的影响.结果:包装成 Lenti-4E-BP1及 Lenti-4E-BP1-4A 重组慢病毒载体,并将此慢病毒载体感染胃癌 HGC27细胞;MTT、克隆形成、软琼脂实验表明过量表达4E-BP1可抑制胃癌 HGC27细胞的生长,过量表达4E-BP1-4A 时抑制效果更明显.结论:构建了4E-BP1、4E-BP1-4A 的重组慢病毒表达载体,在胃癌 HGC27细胞中过量表达4E-BP1可抑制细胞生长,过量表达4E-BP1-4A 的抑制效果更明显.     

靶向VEGF小干扰RNA协同5-FU诱导人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡机制的研究

探讨慢病毒介导的靶向VEGF小干扰RNA联合应用化疗药物5 FU诱导人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡的机制。以携带VEGF siRNA的慢病毒载体感染MCF-7细胞,应用RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测各组VEGF mRNA、VEGF蛋白及凋亡相关蛋白的表达,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果表明,慢病毒VEGF siRNA干扰组细胞VEGF mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显低于对照组,凋亡相关蛋白P53及P21表达上调,而SIRT1、Bcl-2及Survivin表达下调。流式细胞术检测显示慢病毒干扰组及5-FU组细胞凋亡率显著升高,联合治疗组的协同作用更为明显。上述结果表明：慢病毒介导的RNA干扰能明显抑制MCF-7细胞VEGF的表达,通过下调SIRTI蛋白的表达,导致P53蛋白表达上调,并调控其下游P21、bcl-2和Survivin的表达,从而诱导MCF-7细胞的凋亡,并且提高了MCF-7对5-FU的敏感性。     

反义细胞周期蛋白E真核表达载体的构建及其对体外人乳腺癌细胞的抑制作用

 为了探讨细胞周期蛋白 E(cyclin E)与人乳腺癌细胞恶性特征间的相关性 ,利用反义 RNA抑制基因表达的技术 ,构建了细胞周期蛋白 E反义 RNA的真核表达载体并转入人乳腺癌细胞中 .通过 G41 8筛选出阳性克隆 ,经 PCR和 Western印迹检测 ,确定细胞中含有重组质粒 ,并且细胞周期蛋白 E蛋白的水平明显降低 ,由此获得了反义 RNA表达载体导致的细胞周期蛋白 E表达受抑制的细胞 .细胞模型建立后 ,观察分析了细胞形态 ,细胞生长的血清依赖性以及软琼脂成集落能力 ,与对照细胞相比所发生的变化 .结果显示 ,细胞周期蛋白 E受抑制后 ,乳腺癌细胞体积变大 ,细胞生长对血清依赖性增加 ,低血清培养到第 6d时 ,细胞密度约为对照细胞的五分之一 ,细胞成集落能力也显著下降 ,软琼脂中克隆形成率下降 57% .这些变化都表明乳腺癌细胞恶性程度由于细胞周期蛋白 E表达受抑制而减弱 ,可以推测 cyclin E与乳腺癌细胞的恶性增殖及非锚定依赖性生长有着明显的关系 .     

受四环素调控的真核表达系统SK-Hep1细胞株的建立

建立稳定、高效表达外源基因的SK-Hep1细胞株,以便进一步研究基因的作用.首先将调控质粒pCDNA6/TR转染SK-Hep1细胞,经潮霉素筛选得到多个稳定单克隆.各个单克隆分别扩大培养后,转染pCDNA4/TO/lacZ质粒,再经过DOX(强力霉素)诱导表达,检测β-半乳糖苷酶(β-D galaetosidase,β-gal)活性,从而筛选出高诱导水平低背景表达的SK-Hep1 tet-on细胞株.最后,再将pCDNA4/TO/c-myc质粒转染进SK-Hep1 tet-on细胞株,进一步通过Western blotting检测该系统对下游基因的表达调控.成功建立了一株受DOX调控的高诱导水平低背景表达的细胞株SK-Hep1 tet-on 10#.     

盐酸罗哌卡因对骨肉瘤细胞增殖、侵袭、凋亡的影响及其机制*

目的:探讨盐酸罗哌卡因对骨肉瘤细胞增殖、侵袭、凋亡的影响及分子机制。方法:采用逐步增加药物剂量诱导法建立骨肉瘤多柔比星耐药细胞株(U2OS/DOX),用浓度分别为0、20、50、100 μg/ml的盐酸罗哌卡因处理U2OS/DOX细胞,作为不同浓度盐酸罗哌卡因处理组;将pcDNA3.1、pcDNA3.1-Livin转染至U2OS/DOX细胞中再用浓度为100 μg/ml的盐酸罗哌卡因处理,记为盐酸罗哌卡因100 μg/ml+pcDNA3.1组、盐酸罗哌卡因100 μg/ml+pcDNA3.1-Livin组。MTT检测细胞增殖抑制率及细胞半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀);蛋白质印迹(Western blot)法检测细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂1A(P21)、活化的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Cleaved Caspase-3)、上皮钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、Livin蛋白表达;克隆形成实验检测细胞克隆形成数;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;Transwell检测细胞迁移和侵袭;实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测Livin mRNA表达水平。结果:多柔比星浓度大于1 μg/ml时,骨肉瘤细胞U2OS增殖抑制率显著升高,且具有剂量依赖性(P＜0.05);多柔比星浓度大于10 μg/ml时,骨肉瘤细胞骨肉瘤耐药细胞U2OS/DOX增殖抑制率显著升高,且具有剂量依赖性(P＜0.05)。盐酸罗哌卡因处理的U2OS/DOX细胞中P21、Caspase-3、E-cadherin表达水平显著升高,MMP-2表达水平显著降低,细胞增殖抑制率显著升高,克隆形成数显著降低,细胞凋亡率显著升高,细胞迁移、侵袭数显著降低,Livin表达水平显著降低,且呈浓度依赖性(P＜0.05)。过表达Livin部分逆转了盐酸罗哌卡因对细胞U2OS/DOX增殖、迁移、侵袭的抑制作用及凋亡的促进作用。结论:盐酸罗哌卡因能明显抑制对多柔比星具有耐药性的骨肉瘤细胞的增殖,迁移和侵袭,明显促进骨瘤细胞凋亡,其机制可能与Livin有关。     

Fbw7/hCDC4 dimerization regulates its substrate interactions

Background

Membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs) inhibit complement-mediated killing of human cells by human complement, a property that confers protection from complement to malignant breast cancer cells and that thwarts some immunotherapies. Metabolic mechanisms may come into play in protecting cancer cells from the complement system subsequent to relatively low levels of complement deposition.

Results

In differentiating these mechanisms, two types of human breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 (adenocarcinoma) and Bcap37 (medullary carcinoma) were cell-cycle synchronized using glutamine-deprivation followed by restoration. These cells were examined for the expression of two mCRPs (CD59 and CD55), and for subsequent susceptibility to antibody-mediated complement-induced membrane damage. After glutamine restoration, MCF7 and Bcap37 cells were synchronized into the G2/M phase and an average increased expression of CD59 and CD55 occurred with a corresponding resistance to complement-mediated damage. Blocking CD59 inhibitory function with monoclonal antibody revealed that CD59 played a key role in protecting unsynchronized Bcap37 and MCF7 cancer cells from the complement membrane attack complex. Interestingly, glutamine-deprivation did not significantly affect the expression of proteins e.g., the surface level of CD59 or CD55, but did increase the susceptibility to complement-mediated killing. One possible explanation is that glutamine-deprivation may have slowed the turnover rate of mCRPs, preventing the cells from replacing pre-existing mCRPs, as they became neutralized by covalent C4b and C3b depositions.

Conclusion

Taken together the findings are consistent with the conclusion that future immunotherapies should aim to achieve a highly specific and profound activation and deposition of complement as well as to disrupt the synthesis and expression of CD59 and CD55 by the cancer cells.     

裸鼠肿瘤动物模型VEGF受体表达及其意义

目的　通过免疫组织化学染色了解flt 1与flk 1 KDR(VEGF的两个高亲和受体 )在人肿瘤细胞皮下接种肿瘤动物模型的血管内皮细胞与肿瘤细胞中的表达。方法　取荷瘤裸鼠皮下接种瘤块 ,漂洗、固定、石蜡连续切片 ,进行两种受体相应免疫组化检测。结果　在 13种荷瘤裸鼠血管内皮细胞及肿瘤细胞中flt 1的阳性率大部分为强阳性或中阳性 ,而只有在荷人胃腺癌MKN 4 5裸鼠的肿瘤细胞中flt 1的阳性率为弱阳性 ,在荷人卵巢癌SKOv3裸鼠的肿瘤细胞中flt 1的表达为阴性。相比较而言 ,在 13种荷瘤裸鼠血管内皮细胞及肿瘤细胞中KDR的阳性率大部分为中阳性或弱阳性 ,并且在荷人肝癌SMMC 772 1裸鼠 ,荷人胃腺癌SPC A1裸鼠 ,荷人高转移肝癌移植瘤裸鼠 ,荷人卵巢癌SKOv3裸鼠的肿瘤细胞中 ,荷人宫颈癌移植瘤裸鼠和荷人胃腺癌MKN 4 5裸鼠的肿瘤细胞中 ,KDR表达为阴性。结论　VEGF受体共同表达于肿瘤血管内皮细胞与肿瘤细胞 ,提示了VEGF与VEGF受体结合作用在肿瘤演化中的重要性 ,为靶向于VEGF受体的基因治疗策略选择裸鼠动物模型提供了参考依据     

Acid-activatable prodrug nanogels for efficient intracellular doxorubicin release

Endosomal pH-activatable doxorubicin (DOX) prodrug nanogels were designed, prepared, and investigated for triggered intracellular drug release in cancer cells. DOX prodrugs with drug grafting contents of 3.9, 5.7, and 11.7 wt % (denoted as prodrugs 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were conveniently obtained by sequential treatment of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethyl glycinate methacrylamide) (PEG-b-P(HEMA-co-EGMA)) copolymers with hydrazine and doxorubicin hydrochloride. Notably, prodrugs 1, 2, and 3 formed monodispersed nanogels with average sizes of 114.4, 75.3, and 66.3 nm, respectively, in phosphate buffer (PB, 10 mM, pH 7.4). The in vitro release results showed that DOX was released rapidly and nearly quantitatively from DOX prodrug nanogels at endosomal pH and 37 °C in 48 h, whereas only a minor amount (ca. 20% or less) of drug was released at pH 7.4 under otherwise the same conditions. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) observations revealed that DOX prodrug nanogels delivered and released DOX into the cytosols as well as cell nuclei of RAW 264.7 cells following 24 h incubation. MTT assays demonstrated that prodrug 3 had pronounced cytotoxic effects to tumor cells following 72 h incubation with IC(50) data determined to be 2.0 and 3.4 μg DOX equiv/mL for RAW 264.7 and MCF-7 tumor cells, respectively. The corresponding polymer carrier, PEG-b-P(HEMA-co-GMA-hydrazide), was shown to be nontoxic up to a tested concentration of 1.32 mg/mL. These endosomal pH-activatable DOX prodrug nanogels uniquely combining features of water-soluble macromolecular prodrugs and nanogels offer a promising platform for targeted cancer therapy.     

Down-regulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (Long Form) contributes to apoptosis induced by Hsp90 inhibition in human lung cancer cells

Background

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the Arab world and it ranked first among Saudi females. Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline antibiotic is one of the most effective anticancer agents used to treat breast cancer. chronic cardiotoxicity is a major limiting factor of the use of doxorubicin. Therefore, our study was designed to assess the role of a natural product resveratrol (RSVL) on sensitization of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) to the action of DOX in an attempt to minimize doxorubicin effective dose and thereby its side effects.

Methods

Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, was used in this study. Cytotoxic activity of DOX was determined using (sulforhodamine) SRB method. Apoptotic cells were quantified after treatment by annexin V-FITC- propidium iodide (PI) double staining using flow-cytometer. Cell cycle disturbance and doxorubicin uptake were determined after RSVL or DOX treatment.

Results

Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 15 μg/ml RSVL either simultaneously or 24 h before DOX increased the cytotoxicity of DOX, with IC50 were 0.056 and 0.035 μg/ml, respectively compared to DOX alone IC50 (0.417 μg/ml). Moreover, flow cytometric analysis of the MCF-7 cells treated simultaneously with DOX (0.5 μg/ml) and RSVL showed enhanced arrest of the cells in G₀ (80%). On the other hand, when RSVL is given 24 h before DOX although there was more increased in the cytotoxic effect of DOX against the growth of the cells, however, there was decreased in percentage arrest of cells in G₀, less inhibition of DOX-induced apoptosis and reduced DOX cellular uptake into the cells.

Conclusion

RSVL treatment increased the cytotoxic activity of DOX against the growth of human breast cancer cells when given either simultaneously or 24 h before DOX.     

A dual PI3 kinase/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 reverses doxorubicin resistance in ABCB1 overexpressing ovarian and pancreatic cancer cell lines

BackgroundMulti-drug resistance (MDR) develops because cancer cells evade toxicity of several structurally unrelated drugs. Besides other mechanisms, MDR is linked to the overexpression of ATP Binding Cassette (ABC), transporters, among which ABCB1 is the best characterized one. Since overactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR plays a pivotal role in the growth of human cancers, we hypothesized whether dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor, BEZ235 (BEZ, dactolisib) reverses resistance to doxorubicin (DOX).MethodsOvarian (A2780) and pancreatic (MiaPaca2) cancer cells were used to generate DOX-resistant clones by overexpressing ABCB1 or stepwise treatment of DOX. Intracellular accumulation of DOX was measured by flow cytometry after treatment with BEZ.ResultsBEZ treatment caused an increase in intracellular levels of DOX which was almost identical to the naïve parental cell lines. BEZ was found to be a weak substrate for ABCB1 as demonstrated by minimal increase in ATPase activity. BEZ treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability in combination with DOX, which was associated with an increase in cleaved PARP expression in the drug resistant clones.ConclusionsThese results suggest that BEZ is a non-substrate inhibitor of ABCB1 and is able to effectively re-sensitize cells overexpressing ABCB1 to the effects of DOX.General significanceDual PI3 Kinase/mTOR inhibitor, BEZ, has the potential to reverse MDR in cancer patients.