FTIR and Raman Spectra Compared with Ab Initio Calculated Frequency Modes for 5-Aminouracil

Infrared (IR) and Raman spectra of 5-aminouracil were recorded in the region 200–4,000 cm^− 1. Assuming under the C_s point group that the distribution of the normal mode of vibrations between the two species are planar (a′) and non-planar (a″), given by 25a′ + 11a″ of which 30 modes (21a′ + 9a″) correspond to the uracil moiety and six modes (4a′ + 2a″) correspond to the NH₂ group, with a comparison of theoretically ab initio calculated frequencies, the results are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental IR and Raman spectra. Consistent assignments have been made for the internal modes of the NH₂ group, especially for the anti-symmetric NH₂ stretching and bending modes. The non-equivalence of the two NH bonds of the NH₂ group suggests a difference in the strength of the two hydrogen bonds on the pyrimidine ring. Symmetry and anti-symmetry NH stretching modes of the NH₂ group show the invalidity of the empirical relationship. These two NH₂ stretching frequencies are distinctly separated from the CH/NH ring stretching frequencies. A strong and sharp IR band that acts at 3,380 cm^− 1 could be identified as the anti-symmetric NH₂ mode whereas the band at 3,290 cm^− 1 smaller density could be identified as the symmetric NH₂ stretching mode.     

Characteristics of a clone of endothelial cells derived from a line of normal adult rat lung cells

Summary A strain of endothelial cells derived from a single cell cloned from a line of normal adult rat lung parenchyma has been maintained in tissue culture for more than 3 years. These cells have been identified as endothelial cells based on the combination of their growth characteristics, cell morphology as observed with both light and electron microscopy, and their physiological properties. They have continued to produce granules, which stain specifically for glycosaminoglycans with Alcian blue, for over 2 1/2 years. During the same period of time, glycosaminoglycans were identified biochemically in both cells and medium. They have maintained the ability to degrade bradykinin over this period as well. This work was supported in part by NIH Program Project HL 15832.     

应用FTIR和NMR研究短梗霉多糖分子结构

短梗霉多糖是出芽短梗霉产生的一种胞外多糖,具有极好的成膜、成纤维、阻气、粘接、易加工、无毒性等特性,是微生物多糖中最令人瞩目的多糖之一．本研究应用ＦＴＩＲ和ＮＭＲ技术对由出芽短梗霉胞外产生的短梗霉多糖进行了分析．短梗霉多糖的红外光谱（４０００～４００ｃｍ－１）,具有明显的多糖特征吸收峰,证明多糖是由α－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖残基组成．应用先进的一维和二维核磁共振技术,在绝对温度３４３Ｋ下获得短梗霉多糖１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ谱和１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ谱,确证短梗霉多糖的结构单元是α－１,４麦芽三糖,归属了短梗霉多糖的１Ｈ和１３Ｃ的全部化学位移     

心阻抗血流图对儿童心功能的评价

目的：评价学龄前和学龄期儿童的心功能特点。方法：采用无创性心功能检测方法测定108例健康儿童和126例健康成年人的心脏功能。结果：SV、CO、PEP等九项指标随年龄的增长而增大,且三组间有差异（P〈0.0l）;CI、HI、C-dZ/dt、O-dZ/dt、Q-Z间期等五项指标在两儿童组间无差异（P〉0.05）,但在儿童与成人组间有差异（P〈0.0l）,EF、PEPI、LVETI、PEP/LVET、O/C等五项指标在三组间均无差异（P〉0.05）。结论：学龄前儿童的心功能指标有些与成年人差异很大,所以需要一套特殊指标作为参考,而不宜采用已有的成人标准值来判定儿童的心脏功能。     

Urine proteomic profiling to identify biomarkers of steroid resistance in pediatric nephrotic syndrome

Long-term prognosis for children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) is directly related to steroid responsiveness. There are currently no diagnostic tests that accurately predict steroid responsiveness in pediatric NS. The initial prolonged course of daily, high-dose corticosteroid therapy thus serves both as a diagnostic and therapeutic maneuver. Urine proteomics is emerging as a potentially rich source of noninvasive biomarkers of drug responsiveness in NS. In this article, we discuss some of the initial studies of the urinary proteome in NS as well as ongoing and future challenges, define the normal urinary proteome and address the overwhelming abundance of urinary albumin and its impact on biomarker discovery.     

1H, 13C and 15N NMR backbone assignments of the 269-residue serine protease PB92 from Bacillus alcalophilus

Summary The ¹H, ¹³C and ¹⁵N NMR resonances of the backbone of serine protease PB92 have been assigned. This 269-residue protein is one of the largest monomeric proteins assigned so far. The amount and quality of information available suggest that even larger proteins could be assigned with present methods. Measured chemical shifts show excellent agreement with the secondary structure.Abbreviations 2D/3D two-/three-dimensional - HSQC Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence - TOCSY total correlation spectroscopy - NOE nuclear Overhauser effect Supplementary material available from the authors: One table containing the backbone ¹⁵N, ¹H^N, ¹³CO, ¹³CO and ¹H assignments for serine protease PB92.     

育幼经历对圈养成年雌性大熊猫尿液皮质醇含量的影响

为研究育幼期不同的育幼方式对圈养成年雌性大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca福利状况的影响情况,了解圈养育幼模式可能引发成年雌性大熊猫的应激问题,完善育幼期大熊猫的饲养管理和兽舍参数设计,提高育幼过程中圈养大熊猫福利状况,选择成都大熊猫繁育研究基地育幼期采取不同育幼方式管理的成年雌性大熊猫为研究对象,利用...     

尿蛋白质组学在肾脏疾病研究中的应用

长期以来,肾脏病的治疗进展一直十分缓慢,这是因为目前一些肾脏病在诊断分型上存在很多缺陷,分型通常只能依靠细微的组织病理学差异,这使早期诊断、预后追踪以及疗效观察都十分困难。如果能发现像肌钙蛋白一样特异的生物学标志物,将有助于提高肾脏病的诊疗水平。由于尿液与泌尿系统之间存在着天然的联系,这使得尿液在反映泌尿系统功能方面具备"地理"优势。因此,尿蛋白质组学的兴起和发展为肾脏病及其他泌尿系统疾病的研究开启了一扇新的大门。该文综述了尿蛋白质组学技术的发展及其在各种泌尿系统疾病研究中的应用。     

Urinary biomarkers for renal tract malformations

Introduction: Renal tract malformations (RTMs) are congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract, which are the major cause of end-stage renal disease in children. Using immunoassay-based approaches (ELISA, western blot), individual urinary proteins including transforming growth factor β, tumor necrosis factor and monocyte attractant proteins 1 were found to be associated to RTMs. However, only mass spectrometry (MS) based methods leading to the identification of panels of protein-based markers composed of fragments of the extracellular matrix allowed the prediction of progression of RTMs and its complications.

Areas covered: In this review, we summarized relevant studies identified in “Pubmed” using the keywords “urinary biomarkers” and “proteomics” and “renal tract malformations” or “hydronephrosis” or “ureteropelvic junction obstruction” or “posterior urethral valves” or “vesicoureteral reflux”. These publications represent studies on potential protein-based biomarkers, either individually or combined in panels, of RTMs in human and animal models.

Expert commentary: Successful use in the clinic of these protein-based biomarkers will need to involve larger scale studies to reach sufficient power. Improved performance will potentially come from combining immunoassay- and MS-based markers.     

四种棋楠沉香的FTIR鉴定

目的:探讨四种棋楠沉香(Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum Qinan)黑棋、绿棋、黄棋、紫棋的红外鉴别特征和鉴定方法,为商品棋楠的质量评价提供科学依据。方法:采用傅里叶红外光谱法(FTIR)和二阶导数光谱法。结果:四种棋楠沉香的特征吸收峰为:2929、1735、1659、1512、1454、1377、1329、1267、1160、1055、897、700、561cm-1。其中,1244cm-1是黄棋特征峰;1650、1384、1246、1122、849、781、759cm-1是绿棋特征峰;1602、1103、10034、861、750cm-1是黑棋特征峰;1638、1601、1388、1272、1246、1122、1032、965、847、780、758cm-1是紫棋特征峰。在二阶导数谱中,1658、1512、1454、1377、1317、1163、1128、895、780、700cm-1处的吸收峰经二阶导后强度增强,在谱图上特征性更明显。经比较,绿棋和紫棋之间的相似度比较高。结论:红外光谱鉴定法简便易行,可用于棋楠沉香的定性鉴别。     

Crystal structure determination of thymoquinone by high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction

The crystal structure of 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (thymoquinone) and its thermal behavior--as necessary physical and chemical properties--were determined in order to enhance the current understanding of thymoquinone chemical action by using high resolution x-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 3 thermo-analytical techniques thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The findings obtained with high-resolution x-ray powder diffraction and molecular location methods based on a simulated annealing algorithm after Rietveld refinement showed that the triclinic unit cell was a = 6.73728(8) A, b = 6.91560(8) A, c = 10.4988(2) A, alpha = 88.864(2) degrees, beta = 82.449(1) degrees, gamma = 77.0299(9) degrees; cell volume = 472.52(1) A3, Z = 2, and space group P1. In addition, FTIR spectrum revealed absorption bands corresponding to the carbonyl and C-H stretching of aliphatic and vinylic groups characteristically observed in such p-benzoquinones. Also, a chemical decomposition process starting at 65 degrees C and ending at 213 degrees C was noted when TGA was used. DSC allowed for the determination of onset at 43.55 degrees C and a melting enthalpy value of DeltaH(m) = 110.6 J/g. The low value obtained for the fusion point displayed a van der Waals pattern for molecular binding, and the thermograms performed evidence that thymoquinone can only be found in crystalline triclinic form, as determined by DRX methods.     

Can emotion recognition be taught to children with autism spectrum conditions?

Children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have major difficulties in recognizing and responding to emotional and mental states in others'' facial expressions. Such difficulties in empathy underlie their social-communication difficulties that form a core of the diagnosis. In this paper we ask whether aspects of empathy can be taught to young children with ASC. We review a study that evaluated The Transporters, an animated series designed to enhance emotion comprehension in children with ASC. Children with ASC (4–7 years old) watched The Transporters every day for four weeks. Participants were tested before and after intervention on emotional vocabulary and emotion recognition at three levels of generalization. The intervention group improved significantly more than a clinical control group on all task levels, performing comparably to typical controls at time 2. The discussion centres on how vehicles as mechanical systems may be one key reason why The Transporters caused the improved understanding and recognition of emotions in children with ASC. The implications for the design of autism-friendly interventions are also explored.     

色变银环蛇与正常银环蛇的形态学及毒性比较研究

目的研究色变银环蛇与正常银环蛇的形态学差异。方法比较蛇外形、鳞片、毒腺、排毒量、毒性等情况。结果色变银环蛇与正常银环蛇的鳞片数目无异,但其毒腺大小、排毒量、毒性均有明显差异。结论可能由于蛇的生存环境发生了改变,故而出现了银环蛇的形态改变。     

The α-helix alignment of proteins in water solution toward a high-frequency electromagnetic field: A FTIR spectroscopy study

The aim of this article was to study the effects of mobile phone electromagnetic waves at 1750 MHz on the Amide I and Amide II vibration bands of some proteins in bidistilled water solution by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) analysis. The proteins that were used for the experiment were hemoglobin, myoglobin, bovine serum albumin and lysozyme.

The exposure system consisted of microwaves emitted by an operational mobile phone at the frequency at 1750 MHz at the average power density of 1 W/m². Exposed and control samples were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and FSD analysis. The main result was that Amide I band of the proteins that were used increased significantly (p < 0.05) after 4 h of exposure to MWs, whereas Amide II band did not change significantly. This result can be explained assuming that the α-helix structure of the proteins aligned itself with the direction of the electromagnetic field due to the alignment of C = O stretching and N ? H bending ligands that are oriented along with the α-helix axis that give rise to the Amide I mode.