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1.
We analyze the latitudinal shift in the onset of synchronous flowering in the woody genera Montanoa and Simsia (Asteraceae) between Mexico (28° N) and the Equator, where it cannot be caused by declining day length. Synchronous flowering
of >100 Montanoa quadrangularis trees was observed during two consecutive years near Cali, Colombia (4° N). Analysis of herbarium specimens yielded flowering
periods for 21 Montanoa species and 18 Simsia species between 4 and 28° N. Daily insolation is a function of day length and the angle at which the sun’s rays strike the
earth. Between Mexico and Colombia (4° N), the maximum of insolation gradually shifts from the summer solstice to the autumn
equinox. In parallel, flowering of Montanoa and Simsia starts progressively later between July and November, during the period of declining insolation. Near the Equator, there
are two periods of declining insolation, and correspondingly, two flowering periods. Thus, at all tropical latitudes, flowering
time of Montanoa and Simsia is highly correlated with declining insolation. The seasonal decline in daily insolation, rather than in photoperiod, apparently
induces synchronous flowering of Montanoa and Simsia at the same time each year. 相似文献
2.
Sarawood Sungkaew Atchara Teerawatananon John A. N. Parnell Chris M. A. Stapleton Trevor R. Hodkinson 《Kew Bulletin》2008,63(4):669-673
Summary A new monotypic bamboo genus Phuphanochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from north-eastern Thailand is described, together with a new species, P. speciosa. 相似文献
3.
The type species of Trimmatothele is shown to differ from Verrucaria only by the multispored asci. Trimmatothele is consequently regarded as a younger synonym of Verrucaria, and the new combination Verrucaria perquisita proposed. The species is just known from Europe, where it is very rare on calcareous rocks and has a boreo-alpine distribution.
Trimmatothelopsis antarctica is a very distinct lichen, not related with Verrucaria, and the new genus Oevstedalia is described to accommodate it. Oevstedalia is characterized by relatively pale perithecia with a hyphal wall, abundant pseudoparaphyses, sparse, thin, basally branched
and anastomosed interascal filaments, an I− and K/I− centre, and very large, subcylindrical, entirely thin-walled, K/I+ blue
asci containing in the living state 8 conidial balls filled with numerous ascoconidia. Oevstedalia might be related to the Epigloeaceae (family inc. sedis) and represents the first example of a lichenized ascomycete forming
true ascoconidia. O. antarctica appears to be endemic in Antarctica, where it seems to be widespread and relatively common. No material is available for
Trimmatothele umbellulariae and Lesdainea maritima, and no final conclusion can be given for the taxonomic status of these two species. 相似文献
4.
Brian Schrire 《Kew Bulletin》2008,63(3):477-479
Summary Eleven species comprising the Madagascan genus Vaughania are subsumed within the large pantropical genus Indigofera. Six new combinations are made; the remaining species were originally described in Indigofera. 相似文献
5.
New combinations are proposed in anticipation of the Polygonaceae treatment in the forthcoming volume of Intermountain Flora:
Polygonum kelloggii var. esotericum, P. kelloggii var. watsonii
,
Rumex densiflorus var. pycnanthus
,
R. salicifolius var. utahensis, and R. occidentalis var. tomentellus. Typifications are proposed to facilitate ongoing studies in Polygonaceae and to maintain current usage. 相似文献
6.
7.
J. Jennifer Luangsa-ard Suchada Mongkolsamrit Donnaya Thanakitpipattana Artit Khonsanit Kanoksri Tasanathai Wasana Noisripoom Richard A. Humber 《Mycological Progress》2017,16(4):369-391
In several surveys in the tropical forests in Thailand, specimens that looked morphologically similar to Metarhizium martiale and Cordyceps variegata, as well as other Metarhizium species were collected and cultured in vitro. A combined phylogeny of several genes including the small (18S) and large (28S) subunits of the ribosomal DNA, elongation factor 1-α (TEF), RNA polymerase II subunits 1 and 2 (RPB1, RPB2) genes has shown these to be new taxa in the Clavicipitaceae. Nigelia is described as a new genus closely related to Metarhizium, to the scale insect pathogens Aschersonia (Hypocrella), Samuelsia and Moelleriella, and to plant pathogens in Claviceps and Balansia, and other relatives. Nigelia comprises M. martiale and a new species Nigelia aurantiaca, which has been found infecting lepidopteran larvae and which produces pseudoimmersed, obliquely arranged, obpyriform perithecia with curved or bent ostioles and with whole (non-separating) cylindric ascospores. Metarhizium chaiyaphumense, M. kalasinense, M. prachinense, M. samlanense, and M. takense are described as new species of Metarhizium. Metarhizium martiale is transferred to Nigelia, and Paecilomyces reniformis is transferred to Metarhizium. 相似文献
8.
Michael Kessler Ana Laura Moguel Velázquez Michael Sundue Paulo H. Labiak 《Brittonia》2011,63(2):233-244
Alansmia, a new genus of grammitid ferns is described and combinations are made for the 26 species known to belong to it. Alansmia is supported by five morphological synapomorphies: setae present on the rhizomes, cells of the rhizome scales turgid, both
surfaces of the rhizome scales ciliate, laminae membranaceous, and sporangial capsules setose. Other diagnostic characters
include pendent fronds with indeterminate growth, concolorous, orange to castaneous rhizome scales with ciliate or sometimes
glandular margins, hydathodes often cretaceous, and setae simple, paired or stellate. The group also exhibits the uncommon
characteristic of producing both trilete and apparently monolete spores, sometimes on the same plant. New combinations are
made for Alansmia alfaroi, A. bradeana, A. canescens, A. concinna, A. contacta, A. cultrata, A. dependens, A. diaphana, A. elastica, A. glandulifera, A. heteromorpha, A. immixta, A. kirkii, A. lanigera, A. laxa, A. longa, A. monosora, A. reclinata, A. semilunaris, A. senilis, A. smithii, A. spathulata, A. stella var. stella, A. stella var. flava, A. turrialbae, A. variabilis, A. xanthotrichia. Lectotypifications are made for Alansmia concina, A. variabilis, Polypodium ciliare, P. flexile, and P. ovalescens. The genus is named in honor of pteridologist Alan R. Smith. 相似文献
9.
Summary A taxonomic revision of the palm genus Podococcus (Arecaceae) is presented. Two species are recognised: P. barteri, a species relatively widespread in a coastal band from Nigeria to the D. R. Congo and P. acaulis, a species previously considered conspecific to P. barteri, almost exclusively confined to Gabon. The taxonomic history, morphology, distribution and conservation status of the genus
and each species are discussed 相似文献
10.
A new clitocyboid genus of Agaricales, Cleistocybe, is described to accommodate the isolated evolutionary position of the new species Cleistocybe vernalis inferred by a previously published multigene phylogenetic study. Cleistocybe is distinguished from other clitocyboid lineages by a combination of morphological characters, including lamellae that become
gray in age, an interwoven hymenophoral trama with divergent elements when young, strongly interwoven pileipellis with pigmented
and encrusted hyphae, white spore deposit, a distinct or ephemeral fibrillose to submembranous partial veil, and smooth, inamyloid
basidiospores that are inequilateral in profile view. Cleistocybe encompasses two species, C. vernalis and Clitocybe gomphidioides, based on morphological comparisons with C. vernalis. Clitocybe subvelosa is confirmed as conspecific with C. gomphidioides based on morphological and ITS sequence comparisons of type collections. Cleistocybe is known only from western North America in coniferous forests and appears most closely related to the ectomycorrhizal genus
Catathelasma and the saprotrophic genera Callistosporium, Macrocybe, and Pleurocollybia based on nLSU-rDNA phylogenetic analysis. Together these lineages constitute the Catathelasma clade. 相似文献
11.
Yi-Zhi Zhao 《Kew Bulletin》2008,63(2):345-346
Summary
Caragana aliensis a new species from Tibet, China, is described and illustrated. 相似文献
12.
Kitty Vijverberg Slavica Milanovic-Ivanovic Tanja Bakx-Schotman Peter J van Dijk 《BMC plant biology》2010,10(1):154
Background
DIPLOSPOROUS (DIP) is the locus for diplospory in Taraxacum, associated to unreduced female gamete formation in apomicts. Apomicts reproduce clonally through seeds, including apomeiosis, parthenogenesis, and autonomous or pseudogamous endosperm formation. In Taraxacum, diplospory results in first division restitution (FDR) nuclei, and inherits as a dominant, monogenic trait, independent from the other apomixis elements. A preliminary genetic linkage map indicated that the DIP-locus lacks suppression of recombination, which is unique among all other map-based cloning efforts of apomeiosis to date. FDR as well as apomixis as a whole are of interest in plant breeding, allowing for polyploidization and fixation of hybrid vigor, respectively. No dominant FDR or apomixis genes have yet been isolated. Here, we zoom-in to the DIP-locus by largely extending our initial mapping population, and by analyzing (local) suppression of recombination and allele sequence divergence (ASD). 相似文献13.
Reinhard Berndt 《Mycological Progress》2010,9(1):125-130
Three species of rust fungi (Uredinales), Puccinia perforans, P. fuegiana (= Uromyces skottsbergii), and Aecidium callixenis have been described on members of Luzuriaga (Luzuriagaceae). Puccinia luzuriagae-polyphyllae is added as a new species on Luzuriaga polyphylla from Chile. The rust had been confused hitherto with P. perforans occurring on L. radicans. Both species differ from P. fuegiana on L. marginata by the absence of a uredinial state and several telial characters. The investigated collections of Puccinia species on Luzuriaga indicate that each is restricted to a single host species. A determination key is presented. 相似文献
14.
Studying Pneumocystis has proven to be a challenge from the perspective of propagating a significant amount of the pathogen in a facile manner.
The study of several fungal pathogens has been aided by the use of invertebrate model hosts. Our efforts to infect the invertebrate
larvae Galleria
mellonella with Pneumocystis proved futile since P. murina neither caused disease nor was able to proliferate within G. mellonella. It did, however, show that the pathogen could be rapidly cleared from the host. 相似文献
15.
Lima FL de Carvalho MA Apolônio AC Bemquerer MP Santoro MM Oliveira JS Alviano CS Farias Lde M 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2008,35(2):103-110
Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans P7–20 strain isolated from a periodontally diseased patient has produced a bacteriocin (named as actinomycetemcomitin) that is
active against Peptostreptococcus anaerobius ATCC 27337. Actinomycetemcomitin was produced during exponential and stationary growth phases, and its amount decreased until
it disappeared during the decline growth phase. It was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation (30–60% saturation), and
further by FPLC (mono-Q ionic exchange and Phenyl Superose hydrophobic interaction) and HPLC (C-18 reversed-phase). This bacteriocin
loses its activity after incubation at a pH below 7.0 or above 8.0, following heating for 30 min at 45°C, and after treatment
with proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and papain. Actinomycetemcomitin has a molecular mass of 20.3 KDa
and it represents a new bacteriocin from A. actinomycetemcomitans. 相似文献
16.
Sphaerellothecium stereocaulorum sp. nov., Stigmidium beringicum sp. nov., Stigmidium stereocaulorum sp. nov. and goniocysts are described on Stereocaulon species from the northern Holarctic. Endococcus nanellus is reported new to Alaska and Mongolia.
Taxonomical novelties
Sphaerellothecium stereocaulorum Zhurb. & Triebel, Stigmidium beringicum Zhurb. & Triebel, Stigmidium stereocaulorum Zhurb. & Triebel. 相似文献
17.
We have investigated the floral ontogeny of Arillastrum, Allosyncarpia, Stockwellia and Eucalyptopsis (of the eucalypt group, Myrtaceae) using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Several critical characters for establishing relationships between these genera and to the eucalypts have been determined. The absence of compound petaline primordia in Arillastrum, Allosyncarpia, Stockwellia and Eucalyptopsis excludes these taxa from the eucalypt clade. Post-anthesis circumscissile abscission of the hypanthium above the ovary in Stockwellia, Eucalyptopsis and Allosyncarpia is evidence that these three taxa form a monophyletic group; undifferentiated perianth parts and elongated fusiform buds are characters that unite Stockwellia and Eucalyptopsis as sister taxa. No floral characters clearly associate Arillastrum with either the eucalypt clade or the clade of Stockwellia, Eucalyptopsis and Allosyncarpia.We gratefully acknowledge Clyde Dunlop and Bob Harwood (Northern Territory Herbarium) for collecting specimens of Allosyncarpia, and Bruce Gray (Atherton) for collecting specimens of Stockwellia. The Australian National Herbarium (CANB) kindly lent herbarium specimens of Eucalyptopsis for examination. This research was supported by a University of Melbourne Research Development Grant to Andrew Drinnan. 相似文献
18.
Kurtzman CP 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》2011,100(3):455-462
Ogataea
parapolymorpha sp. n. (NRRL YB-1982, CBS 12304, type strain), the ascosporic state of Candida
parapolymorpha, is described. The species appears homothallic, assimilates methanol as is typical of most Ogataea species and forms hat-shaped ascospores in asci that become deliquescent. O. parapolymorpha is closely related to Ogataea
angusta and Ogataea
polymorpha. The three species can be resolved from gene sequence analyses but are unresolved from fermentation and growth reactions
that are typically used for yeast identification. On the basis of multiple isolates, O. angusta is known only from California, USA, in association with Drosophila and Aulacigaster flies, O. parapolymorpha is predominantly associated with insect frass from trees in the eastern USA but O. polymorpha has been isolated from various substrates in the USA, Brazil, Spain and Costa Rica. 相似文献
19.
Two repeated DNA sequences isolated from a partial genomic DNA library of Helianthus annuus, p HaS13 and p HaS211, were shown to represent portions of the int gene of a Ty3 /gypsy retroelement and of the RNase-Hgene of a Ty1 /copia retroelement, respectively. Southern blotting patterns obtained by hybridizing the two probes to BglII- or DraI-digested genomic DNA from different Helianthus species showed p HaS13 and p HaS211 were parts of dispersed repeats at least 8 and 7 kb in length, respectively, that were conserved in all species studied. Comparable hybridization patterns were obtained in all species with p HaS13. By contrast, the patterns obtained by hybridizing p HaS211 clearly differentiated annual species from perennials. The frequencies of p HaS13- and p HaS211-related sequences in different species were 4.3x10(4)-1.3x10(5) copies and 9.9x10(2)-8.1x10(3) copies per picogram of DNA, respectively. The frequency of p HaS13-related sequences varied widely within annual species, while no significant difference was observed among perennial species. Conversely, the frequency variation of p HaS211-related sequences was as large within annual species as within perennials. Sequences of both families were found to be dispersed along the length of all chromosomes in all species studied. However, Ty3 /gypsy-like sequences were localized preferentially at the centromeric regions, whereas Ty1/ copia-like sequences were less represented or absent around the centromeres and plentiful at the chromosome ends. These findings suggest that the two sequence families played a role in Helianthusgenome evolution and species divergence, evolved independently in the same genomic backgrounds and in annual or perennial species, and acquired different possible functions in the host genomes. 相似文献
20.
D. J. Goyder 《Kew Bulletin》2008,63(2):331-333
Summary
Funastrum rupicola Goyder, a new species of Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae from Bolivia, is described and illustrated. The conservation status of this species is assessed. 相似文献