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1.
I. Métais C. Aubry B. Hamon D. Peltier R. Jalouzot 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(1-2):232-237
We describe the cloning and the characterization of a 130-bp DNA fragment, called OPG9-130, amplified from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genomic DNA. This fragment corresponds to a minisatellite DNA sequence containing seven repeats of 15 bp which differ
slightly from each other in their sequence. Southern analysis showed that the core sequence of 15 bp is repeated in clusters
dispersed throughout the genome. The use of this fragment as a probe allowed us to identify common bean lines by their DNA
fingerprints. We suggest that OPG9-130 will be useful for line identification as well as for the analysis of genetic relatedness
between bean species and lines.
Received: 14 February 1998 / Accepted: 10 February 1998 相似文献
2.
3.
Y. Hisatomi Y. Yoneda K. Kasahara Y. Inagaki S. Iida 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(4):509-515
The a-3
flecked
[J] variegated line of Japanese morning glory bearing white flowers with normal-colored flecks and sectors has been shown
to carry a 6.4-kb transposable element, Tpn1, inserted within the DFR-B gene, one of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR). The a
flaked
[M] variegated line of morning glory also bears white flowers with normal-colored flakes and sectors, and it was shown to
carry multiple DNA rearrangements, including insertions of mobile element-like sequences, MELSIP1 and MELSIP2, in its DFR gene region. Unlike the a-3
flecked
[J] mutation, the mutable a
flaked
[M] allele exhibited incomplete dominance. Interestingly, not only intensely colored flakes but also white spots and sectors
were often observed in lightly colored flowers of morning glory in the heterozygous state A[M]/a
flaked
[M]. The interspecific F1 hybrids between Japanese morning glory and morning glory carrying both a-3
flecked
[J]/A-3[M] and A[J]/ a
flaked
[M] in the heterozygous condition bear lightly colored flowers with intensely colored sectors as well as white flakes. The
results clearly demonstrated that the DFR gene in the a
flaked
[M] line of morning glory is active and complements the DFR-B gene carrying Tpn1 in the a-3
flecked
[J] line of Japanese morning glory. Interspecific allelic interactions between the mutable a
flaked
[M] gene of morning glory and the corresponding wild-type A[J] gene of Japanese morning glory resulted in incomplete dominance and the formation of white flakes and sectors. The appearance
of the white flakes may be due to a somatic mutation of the A[J] gene.
Received: 4 November 1996/Accepted: 13 December 1996 相似文献
4.
M. L. Farman Y. Tosa N. Nitta S. A. Leong S. A. Leong 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1996,251(6):665-674
Full-length copies of a previously described repetitive DNA sequence (CH2-8) were isolated from the genome of theMagnaporthe grisea strain 2539. One copy of the complete element was sequenced and found to resemble agypsy-like LTR retrotransposon. We named this element MAGGY (MAGnaporthe GYpsy-like element). MAGGY contains two internal ORFs putatively encoding Gag, Pol and Env-like proteins which are similar to peptides encoded by retroelements identified in other filamentous fungi. MAGGY was found to be widely distributed amongM. grisea isolates from geographically dispersed locations and different hosts. It was present in high copy number in the genomes of all nine rice-pathogenic isolates examined. By contrast,M. grisea strains isolated from other Gramineae were found to possess varying copy numbers of MAGGY and in some cases the element was completely absent. The wide distribution of MAGGY suggests that this element invaded the genome ofM. grisea prior to the evolution of rice-specific form(s). It may since have been horizontally transmitted to other sub-specific groups. One copy of MAGGY, corresponding to the element we sequenced, was located at identical locations in the genomes of geographically dispersed strains, suggesting that this copy of the element is a relatively ancient insertion. 相似文献
5.
Isolation and characterization of Tnd-1, a retrotransposon marker linked to black root rot resistance in tobacco 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
K. D. Kenward D. Bai M. R. Ban J. E. Brandle 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,98(3-4):387-395
In Nicotiana debneyi, resistance to a wide range of black root rot (Chalara elegans) isolates is conferred by a single dominant gene. This gene has been transferred to cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and was recently discovered to be linked in coupling to a 1050-bp random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker generated
with the UBC 418 primer. We have cloned and sequenced the UBC4181050 marker and found it to be part of a retrotransposon. This retrotransposon is a remnant of the N. debneyi genome and is the first to be isolated from this species. Transposon N. debneyi (Tnd)-1 is present in the tobacco genome as two directly repeated copies, and in multiple copies in the donor species N. debneyi and in a number of related Nicotiana species. The retrotransposon appears to have been introduced into the Nicotiana genome after the development of the Suavolentes progenitors. The gene associated with black root rot resistance co-segregates
with the retrotransposon in tobacco and is thought to be contained within the introgressed fragment marked by Tnd-1. The retrotransposon
will therefore be a useful species-specific landmark that can be used for future cloning of the resistance gene.
Received: 3 March 1998 / Accepted: 18 August 1998 相似文献
6.
A repetitive and species-specific sequence as a tool for detecting the genome contribution in somatic hybrids of the genus Medicago 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ornella Calderini Fulvio Pupilli Francesco Paolocci S. Arcioni 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(5-6):734-740
A highly repeated sequence (C300) was cloned from Medicago coerulea and its organization in the M. sativa-coerulea-falcata complex, M. arborea, and three somatic hybrids involving M. sativa, was investigated. Southern-blot analysis revealed a tandemly repeated array and a species-specificity of the sequence to
those species belonging to the complex. Various degrees of amplification of C300 were detected among the species of the complex
and the outcome in the somatic hybrids was dependent on parental composition. Sequence analysis revealed strong homology (96%)
of C300 with a clone (E180) previously isolated from M. sativa. As FISH analysis showed that C300 was dispersed along the chromosomes of Medicago spp., it should prove a valid tool for establishing the chromosome origin of somatic hybrids.
Received: 14 April 1997 / Accepted: 18 April 1997 相似文献
7.
Y. Yasui S. Nasuda Y. Matsuoka T. Kawahara 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(4):463-470
A novel plant short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) was identified in the second intron of the acetyl CoA carboxylase
gene of Aegilops umbellulata which has been designated ”Au”, for the host species in which it was discovered. Au elements have a tRNA-related region,
direct flanking repeats, and a short stretch of T at the 3′ end, which are features common to Au and previously characterized
SINEs. Au elements are detected in the genomes of several monocots and dicots by DNA dot hybridization and are also found
in the tobacco genome by database searching. Au elements are present at an especially high copy number (approximately 104 copies per haploid genome) in wheat and Ae. umbellulata. This suggests a recent amplification of Au in the Triticum and Aegilops species. In situ hybridization revealed a dispersed distribution of Au elements on wheat chromosomes. Au elements were amplified
by PCR from monocot and dicot species and the phylogenetic relationships among Au elements were inferred. This phylogenetic
analysis suggests amplification of Au elements in a manner consistent with the retrotransposon model for SINE dispersion.
The high copy number of Au elements and their dispersed distribution in wheat are desirable characteristics for a molecular
marker system in this important species.
Received: 15 April 2000 / Accepted: 24 August 2000 相似文献
8.
9.
New copies of the mammalian retrotransposon L1 arise in the germline at an undetermined rate. Each new L1 copy appears at
a specific evolutionary time point that can be estimated by phylogenetic analysis. In humans, the active L1 sequence L1.2
resides at the genomic locus LRE1. Here we analyzed the region surrounding the LRE1 locus in humans and gorillas to determine the evolutionary history of the region and to estimate the age of L1.2. We found
that the region was composed of an ancient L1, L1Hs-Lrg, which was significantly divergent from all other L1 sequences available
in the databases. We also determined that L1.2 was absent from the gorilla genome and arose in humans after the divergence
of gorilla and human lineages. In the gorilla LRE1 region, we discovered a different full-length L1 element, L1Gg-1, which
was allelic and present at a high gene frequency in gorillas but absent from other primates. We determined the nucleotide
sequence of L1Gg-1 and found that it was 98% identical to L1.2, suggesting a close relationship between active L1s in gorillas
and humans.
Received: 28 December 1997 / Accepted: 20 March 1998 相似文献
10.
F.-C. Baurens J.-L. Noyer C. Lanaud P. J. L. Lagoda 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(5-6):922-931
The nuclear genome of wild-type banana accessions was investigated for repetitive elements. We report here the occurrence,
in the banana genome, of a sequence family of species-specific repetitive elements: Brep 1. This sequence family is distributed
throughout the Musaceae with various copy numbers. The two species Musa acuminata and M. schizocarpa carry the highest copy numbers in contrast to M. balbisiana and tested representatives of different other sections. PCR primers were defined in the core consensus sequence for specific
amplifications, which allow representatives of this sequence family to be easily detected in wild and cultivated banana clones.
Sequence data were analysed and hypotheses on the evolution of banana cultivars from the wild-type banana clones are discussed.
Received: 17 January 1997 / Accepted : 7 March 1997 相似文献
11.
Identification of a chromosome-specific probe that maps within the Ph1 deletions in common and durum wheat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. Segal B. Liu J. M. Vega S. Abbo M. Rodova M. Feldman 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,94(8):968-970
The Ph1 (pairing homoeologous) gene is the major factor that determines the diploid-like chromosome behavior of polyploid wheat.
This gene, which is located on the long arm of chromosome 5B (5BL), suppresses homoeologous pairing at meiosis while allowing
exclusive homologous pairing. In an effort to tag the specific chromosomal region where this gene is located, we have previously
microdissected chromosome arm 5BL from bread wheat and produced a plasmid library by random PCR amplification and cloning.
In this work we isolated from this library a 5BL-specific probe, WPG90, and mapped it within the interstitial deleted chromosome
fragments carrying Ph1 in common and durum wheat. A PCR assay of Ph1 based on WPG90 was developed that allows an easy identification of homozygous genotypes deficient for this gene.
Received: 19 June 1996 / Accepted: 18 October 1996 相似文献
12.
M. Foiani E. Nadjar-Boger R. Capone S. Sagee T. Hashimshoni Y. Kassir 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1996,253(3):278-288
In this report we study the regulation of premeiotic DNA synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. DNA replication was monitored by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and by analyzing the pattern of expression
of the DNA polymerase α-primase complex. Wild-type cells and cells lacking one of the two principal regulators of meiosis,
Ime1 and Ime2, were compared. We show that premeiotic DNA synthesis does not occur in ime1Δ diploids, but does occur in ime2Δ diploids with an 8–9 h delay. At late meiotic times, ime2Δ diploids exhibit an additional round of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, we show that in wild-type cells the B-subunit of DNA
polymerase α is phosphorylated during premeiotic DNA synthesis, a phenomenon that has previously been reported for the mitotic
cell cycle. Moreover, the catalytic subunit and the B-subunit of DNA polymerase α are specifically degraded during spore formation.
Phosphorylation of the B-subunit does not occur in ime1Δ diploids, but does occur in ime2Δ diploids with an 8–9 h delay. In addition, we show that Ime2 is not absolutely required for commitment to meiotic recombination,
spindle formation and nuclear division, although it is required for spore formation.
Received: 20 February 1996 / Accepted: 7 June 1996 相似文献
13.
A. Kanno Y.-O. Lee T. Kameya 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(8):1196-1202
In a previous study we constructed a physical map of the chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) of garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L. cv ‘Mary Washington 500W’; Lee et al. 1996). In the present study we have constructed and compared HindIII and XhoI restriction maps of the ctDNAs of eight species of Asparagus: namely, A. officinalis, A. schoberioides, A. cochinchinensis, A. plumosus, A. falcatus, A. sprengeri, A. virgatus and A. asparagoides. The ctDNA of A. officinalis has 32 and 23 sites that are recognized by HindIII and XhoI, respectively. Taking the physical map of the ctDNA of A. officinalis as a standard, we found that the ctDNAs of A. falcatus, A. sprengeri, and A. asparagoides each had one additional HindIII site and lacked one XhoI site. We also detected two relatively large deletions of nucleotides in the ctDNA from A. cochinchinensis by sequencing analysis. Both of these deletions were located in a non-coding region between the ndhC and trnV genes and were 95 bp and 347 bp in length, respectively. The regions around the deletions exhibited strong homology, and
short direct-repeat sequences were detected at the borders of the deletions, an indication that these deletions were the result
of intramolecular recombination mediated by the direct repeats.
Received: 16 June 1997 / Accepted: 17 July 1997 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
Recombination mapping of some chromosome 1A-, 1B-, 1D- and 6B-controlled gliadins and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in common wheat 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
E. V. Metakovsky G. Branlard V. M. Chernakov V. P. Upelniek R. Redaelli N. E. Pogna 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,94(6-7):788-795
Inheritance of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW GS) and gliadins was studied in the segregating progeny from several
crosses between common wheat genotypes. The occurrence of a few recombinants in the F2 grains of the cross Skorospelka Uluchshennaya×Kharkovskaya 6 could be accounted for by assuming that the short arm of chromosome
1D contains two tightly linked loci each coding for at least one gliadin plus one C-type LMW GS. These loci were found to
recombine at a frequency of about 2%, and to be linked to the Glu-D3 locus coding for B-type LMW GS. Some proteins showing biochemical characteristics of D-type or C-type LMW GS were found to
be encoded by the Gli-B1 and Gli-B2 loci, respectively. Strongly stained B-type LMW GS in cvs Skorospelka Uluchshennaya and Richelle were assigned to the Glu-B3 locus, but recombination between this locus and Gli-B1 was not found. Analogously, in the cross Bezostaya 1×Anda, no recombination was found between Gli-A1 and Glu-A3, suggesting the maximum genetic distance between these loci to be 0.97% (P=0.05). A B-type LMW GS in cv Kharkovskaya 6 was assigned to the Glu-B2 locus, with about 25% recombination from the Gli-B1 locus. The present results suggested that alleles at Gli loci may relate to dough quality and serve as genetic markers of certain LMW GS affecting breadmaking quality.
Received: 9 July 1996/Accepted: 15 November 1996 相似文献
17.
The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is an extensively diversified multigene family whose members share a common structural
feature, the Ig fold. Members of the Ig/T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) subset of the IgSF mediate antigen-specific recognition
in adaptive immune responses. Antigen-binding receptors belonging to this subset are present in all species of jawed vertebrates.
To explore whether there are additional structurally related but otherwise distinct members of this subset, we have developed
a technique termed the short-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that targets structurally conserved short motifs in the
Ig fold. Large-scale sequencing efforts and recent advances in information biotechnology, including "electronic PCR," provide
additional computational means to implement similarly directed searches within databases. The use of these approaches has
led to the discoveries of Ig/TCR homologues in a variety of phylogenetically diverse organisms, a diversified family of novel
immune-type receptor genes, as well as a novel human IgSF member. The potential of random sequencing efforts and virtual screening
of databases is described in the context of two novel genes in bony fish. The various methodologies that are discussed and
the examples shown provide means for further investigating, and/or elucidating novel, IgSF receptors as well as components
of pathways that are involved in immune responses in both traditional and nontraditional model systems. 相似文献
18.
C. Dixelius S. Wahlberg 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,99(1-2):368-372
Offspring from asymmetric hybrids between Brassica napus and the three B-genome species Brassica nigra, Brassica juncea and Brassica carinata were analysed for the presence of B-genome markers and resistance to the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of blackleg disease. Twenty five plants from each species combination were analysed in the first backcross
(BC1) generation, 30 plants in BC2 and 60 plants in BC3. The plants were analysed by 46 RFLP markers detecting 85 loci dispersed throughout the B. nigra genome. The plants with additional B. carinata DNA had a decrease in the presence of RFLP markers ranging from 59% in BC1 to 36% in BC2 and down to 11% in BC3. Similar results were obtained in the lines with additional DNA from B. juncea where the 60% presence of RFLP markers in BC1 was reduced to 33% in BC2 and to 10% in BC3. However presence of the markers were significantly lower in the B. nigra-derived material where BC1 had 46%, BC2 25% and BC3 8%. Since at least two loci could be detected on each end of the eight linkage groups of the B genome, the degree of symmetry
was estimated. After one back-cross between 0.5 and 1.25% intact chromosomes were retained, whereas in BC2 this frequency was 0.21% for all three B-genome donor species. The maintenance of half-chromosomes ranged from 2.63% to 5.38%
in BC1 and between 0.73% and 1.15% in BC2. No chromosome arms were found in any of the BC3 plants. In total, four co-segregating markers for cotyledon and adult-leaf resistance to L. maculans were found which detected six loci located on linkage groups 2, 5 and 8. When the results from the three donor species were
compared, one triplicate region in the B genome had preserved the resistance loci in all three species.
Received: 19 January 1999 / Accepted: 30 January 1999 相似文献
19.
G. Musci Terri Z. L. Fraterrigo Lilia Calabrese David R. McMillin 《Journal of biological inorganic chemistry》1999,4(4):441-446
The possibility that ceruloplasmin (CP) functions as a copper transferase has fueled a continuing interest in studies of
the copper release process. The principal goal of the current investigation has been to identify the most labile copper centers
in sheep protein. In fact, subjecting the enzyme to a slow flux of cyanide at pH 5.2 under nitrogen in the presence of ascorbate
and a phenanthroline ligand produces partially demetalated forms of the protein. By standard chromatographic techniques it
is possible to isolate protein with a Cu/CP ratio of ∼4 or ∼5 as opposed to the native protein which has Cu/CP=5.8. In contrast
to other blue oxidases, analysis suggests that CP preferentially loses its type 1 coppers under these conditions. Thus, the
spectroscopic signals from the type 1 centers exhibit a loss of intensity while the EPR signal of the type 2 copper becomes
stronger. Furthermore, the Cu/CP≈4 and Cu/CP≈5 components retain about 50% of the activity of the native protein, consistent
with an intact type 2/type 3 cluster. All three type 1 copper sites appear to suffer copper loss. Reconstitution with a copper(I)
reagent restores the spectroscopic properties of the native protein and 90% of the original activity. The results suggest
a possible functional significance for the presence of three type 1 coppers in CP. By employing a pool of redox-active but
relatively labile type 1 copper centers, the enzyme can serve as a copper donor, if necessary, without completely sacrificing
its oxidase activity.
Received: 15 February 1999 / Accepted: 22 April 1999 相似文献
20.
Characterization and localization of repetitive DNA sequences in the ornamental Alstroemeria aurea Graham 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. J. De Jeu J. Lasschuit A. G. J. Kuipers S. A. Kamstra R. G. F. Visser 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,94(8):982-990
Three repetitive DNA sequences were isolated from a genomic DNA library of the ornamental Alstroemeria aurea Graham. Two repeats, A001-I and A001-II, were quite homologous and highly A. aurea-specific. A001-I was a 217-bp sequence with several telomeric TTTAGGG repeats at the 5′ end and a unique sequence of 98 bp
at the other end. The third repeat, A001-IV, was a 840-bp sequence which contained two sub-sequences of 56 and 74 bp respectively,
previously found in chloroplast (cp) DNA of tobacco and spinach and to a lesser extent in the cpDNA of maize and rice. Repeat
A001-IV was not species-specific and its hybridization signal was weaker than the other repeats. Fluorescence in situ hybridization
(FISH) revealed the A. aurea-specific repeats to be located in the heterochromatic regions of all A. aurea chromosomes. The differences in FISH pattern make them useful tools for karyotype analysis. The non-species-specific sequence
A001-IV gave a dispersed signal over all the Alstroemeria chromosomes in an interspecific hybrid. The potential use of these repetitive DNA sequences for the study of phylogenetic
relationships within the genus Alstroemeria is discussed.
Received: 24 November 1996/Accepted: 20 December 1996 相似文献