Sutterella faecalis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces

Journal of Microbiology - An obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and coccobacilli-shaped bacterial strain, designated KGMB03119T, was isolated from human...     

Description of Anaerostipes faecalis sp. nov., a new segmented filamentous bacterium isolated from swine faeces

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - A novel, strictly anaerobic, gram-negative, segmented filamentous bacterium strain AGMB03513T, was isolated from the faeces of a 5-month-old pig. Phylogenetic analysis...     

Gordonibacter faecihominis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated CAT-2^T, was isolated from human faeces as a bacterium capable of dehydroxylating (+)-catechin derivatives. Strain CAT-2^T was found to be strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming coccobacilli. The major fatty acids were identified as C_16:0 DMA (dimethy acetal), C_16:0, C_14:0, anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_14:0. The three predominant menaquinones were identified as MK-6 (menaquinene-6), MMK-6 (monomethylmenaquinone-6) and DMMK-6 (dimethylmenaquinone-6). The polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and four unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain CAT-2^T was 68.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strain CAT-2^T belongs to the genus Gordonibacter, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Gordonibacter pamelaeae DSM 19378^T (97.3 %). Combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics support the conclusion that the strain CAT-2^T represents a novel species, for which the name Gordonibacter faecihominis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAT-2^T (= KCTC 15204^T = JCM 16058^T).     

Clostridium bartlettii sp. nov., isolated from human faeces

Seven obligately anaerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming organisms isolated from human faecal specimens were characterized using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Strains of the unidentified bacterium used carbohydrates as fermentable substrates, producing acetic acid, isovaleric acid and phenylacetic acid (PAA) as the major products of glucose metabolism, and possessed a G +C content of approximately 29.8 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the 7 strains were genetically highly related to each other (displaying >99.5% sequence similarity) and represent a previously unknown sub-line within the Clostridium Cluster XI. The closest described species to the novel bacterium is Clostridium glycolicum, although a 16S rRNA sequence divergence of 4% demonstrates that they represent different species. Genomic DNA-DNA pairing studies confirmed the separateness of the unknown species and C. glycolicum (30.6% similarity between the proposed type strain of the novel species, WAL 16138, and C. glycolicum ATCC 14880(T)). Based on morphologic, phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is therefore proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as C. bartlettii sp. nov. The type strain of C. bartlettii is WAL 16138(T) (= ATCCBAA-827(T)=CCUG48940(T)).     

Ruminococcus faecis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces

Bacterial strain Eg2^T, an anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile, and non-spore-forming coccus, was isolated from human faeces. The optimal temperature for its growth was 37°C. Oxidase activity was negative, but catalase activity was positive. The strain was able to hydrolyze esculin and to produce acids from the fermentation of several substrates, including glucose. Lactic and acetic acids were the main products of glucose fermentation. The major fatty acids present in this strain were C_16:0, C_14:0, and C_18:1 cis11 DMA. The G+C content was 43.4 mol%. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain Eg2^T was closely related to species of the genus Ruminococcus (96.3% similarity to R. torques and 96.2% similarity to R. lactaris), and its taxonomic position was placed within the Clostridium cluster XIVa. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic, and phylogenetic evidence, we propose that this novel strain be assigned to the genus Ruminococcus and be named Ruminococcus faecis sp. nov. The type strain is Eg2^T (=KCTC 5757^T =JCM 15917^T).     

Psychrobacter faecalis sp. nov., a new species from a bioaerosol originating from pigeon faeces

The taxonomy of strain Iso-46T isolated from a bioaerosol generated by cleaning of a pigeon faeces contaminated room was investigated in a polyphasic approach. The beige pigmented Gram-negative, oxidase-negative organism contained a quinone system with mainly ubiquinone Q-8, and the polar lipid profile was composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol, beside some hitherto uncharacterized phospholipids. Major polyamines were spermidine and putrescine and also small amounts of cadaverine. The analysis of the fatty acids revealed 3-OH 12:0 and 3-OH 14:0 (within summed feature 3) as hydroxylated fatty acids. These chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain belongs to the gamma-subclass of the Proteobacteria namely into the genus Psychrobacter. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene supported the allocation into the genus Psychrobacter, but showing similarities to all described species of this genus lower than 97%. Iso-46T was able to grow on MacConkey agar and other high nutrient containing media within a temperature range of 4 degrees C to 36 degrees C. On the basis of nutritional and further physiological features, a clear differentiation from all other Psychrobacter species was possible. For these reasons it is proposed to create a new species with the name Psychrobacter faecalis sp. nov.     

Chimaereicella alkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-negative alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a nonsaline alkaline groundwater

A Gram-negative bacterium designated AC-74(T) was isolated from a highly alkaline groundwater environment (pH 11.4). This organism formed rod-shaped cells, is strictly aerobic, catalase and oxidase positive, tolerates up to 3.0% NaCl, has an optimum growth temperature of 30 degrees C, but no growth occurs at 10 or 40 degrees C, and an optimum pH value of 8.0, but no growth occurs at pH 7.0 or 11.3. The predominant fatty acids are iso-15:0, iso-17:1 omega9c and 16:1 omega7c and or iso-15:2OH. The G+C content of DNA was 43.5mol%. The phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of the 16s RNA genes indicated that strain AC-74(T) belongs to the family "Flexibacteriaceae" and is phylogenetically equidistant ( approximately 94.5%) from the majority of the species of the genus Algoriphagus and from the genus Hongiella. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, we are of the opinion that strain AC-74(T), represents a new species of the novel genus for which we propose the name Chimaereicella alkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov.     

Microcella putealis gen. nov., sp. nov., a gram-positive alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a nonsaline alkaline groundwater

Three Gram-positive bacteria designated CV-2T, CV-40 and AC-30 were isolated from a highly alkaline groundwater environment (pH 11.4). These organisms formed very small rod-shaped cells, are aerobic, non-spore-forming, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, with an optimum growth temperature of 35 degrees C and optimum pH value of growth between 8.5 and 9.0. The strains possessed a novel B-type cell-wall peptidoglycan structure with lysine as the diamino acid; the major respiratory quinones were menaquinone 12 (MK12) and MK13. The G + C content of DNA was between 67.1 and 70.7 mol%. The phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of the 16S rRNA genes reveled that they formed a deep branch within the family Microbacteriaceae, with the highest similarity of approximately 95.6% with members of the genera Agreia, Agrococcus, Cryobacterium, Clavibacter, Frigoribacterium, Leifsonia, Mycetocola, Rhodoglobus, Salinibacterium and Subtercola. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, we are of the opinion that strains CV-2T, CV-40 and AC-30, represent a new species of a novel genus within the family Microbacteriaceae for which we propose the name Microcella putealis gen. nov., sp. nov.     

Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum sp. nov., a glycyrrhizin-hydrolysing bacterium isolated from human faeces

Screening of faecal bacteria for glycyrrhetic acid (GA) production by hydrolysing of glycyrrhizin (GL) resulted in the isolation of two strains, designated ZM35T and ZM38. Strains ZM35T and ZM38 were Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains ZM35T and ZM38 belonged to cluster XIVa of the genus Clostridium. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains ZM35T and ZM38 were identical. Strain ZM35T exhibited approximately 94% to 95% identity with the validly described species, Clostridium oroticum(94.5%), Eubacterium contortum(93.8%), Ruminococcus gnavus(94.5%) and R. torques(95.1%). In an experiment of DNA-DNA hybridization, it was confirmed that strains ZM35T and ZM38 were the same species. The guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) content of strain ZM35T is 45.7 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic findings, we propose that strains ZM35T and ZM38 be assigned to a novel species named Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum. The type strain is ZM35T (=JCM 13368T=DSM 17593T).     

Thermohalobaculum xanthum gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - A novel moderately thermophilic and halophilic bacterium, designated strain M0105T, was isolated from mangrove sediment collected in the Beibu Gulf, south China. The...     

Photobacterium profundum sp. nov., a new, moderately barophilic bacterial species isolated from a deep-sea sediment

A novel, moderately barophilic bacterium was isolated from a sediment sample obtained from the Ryukyu Trench, at a depth of 5110 m. The isolate, designated strain DSJ4, is a Gram-negative rod capable of growth between 4°C and 18°C under atmospheric pressure, with optimum growth displayed at 10°C, and capable of growth at pressures between 0.1 MPa and 70 MPa at 10°C, with optimum growth displayed at 10 MPa. Strain DSJ4 is a moderately barophilic bacterium, and shows no significant change in growth at pressures up to 50 MPa. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence of strain DSJ4 places this strain within the Photobacterium subgroup of the family Vibrionaceae, closely related to the strain SS9 that was independently isolated from the Sulu Trough. The temperature and pressure ranges for growth, cellular fatty acid composition, and assorted physiological and biochemical characteristics indicate that these strains differ from other Photobacterium species. Furthermore, both SS9 and DSJ4 displayed a low level of DNA similarity to other Photobacterium type strains. Based on these differences, these strains are proposed to represent a new deep-sea-type species. The name Photobacterium profundum (JCM10084) is proposed. Received June 13, 1997 / Accepted: August 9, 1997     

Streptomyces fukangensis sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic actinomycete isolated from a saline-alkaline soil

An alkaliphilic actinobacterium, designated EGI 80050^T, was isolated from a desert soil sample of Xinjiang, north-west China, and characterized by a polyphasic approach. The isolate was observed to produce purple orange-yellow aerial mycelium and dark orange-yellow substrate mycelium on yeast extract-malt extract agar medium. Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain EGI 80050^T were found to contain ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and galactose, glucose, rhamnose and mannose as the main sugars. The major fatty acids identified were C_16:0-iso (36.8 %), C_15:0-anteiso (17.3 %), 15:0-iso (13.2 %) and 14:0-iso (10.5 %). The predominant menaquinones detected were MK-9(H₆) and MK-9(H₈), while the characteristic polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and three unknown phospholipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 67.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated the strain EGI 80050^T to the genus Streptomyces. Levels of 16 rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain EGI 80050^T and Streptomyces candidus NRRL ISP-5141^T, Streptomyces cremeus NBRC 12760^T, Streptomyces spiroverticillatus NBRC 12821^T, Streptomyces violaceorectus NBRC 13102^T, Streptomyces cinereoruber subsp. cinereoruber NBRC 12756^T were 96.7, 96.6, 96.6, 96.6 and 96.6 %, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain EGI 80050^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces fukangensis sp. nov. (type strain EGI 80050^T = BCRC 16945^T = JCM 19127^T) is proposed.     

Microbulbifer hainanensis sp. nov., a moderately halopilic bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - A new bacterium was successfully isolated from a mangrove sediment sample in Haikou City, Hainan Province, China. The organism is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile...