奥本罗历史城区中心——从远期总体规划到公共空间更新

ADEPT建筑事务所与Topotek1事务所最近在丹麦的集镇—奥本罗完成了一个历史城区的改造。在基于当地现状条件完成的公共空间再设计与城市总体规划之间创造了紧密的联系,通过趣味性的设计手法以及对传统材料的创新使用,使历史悠久的城区中心为公共空间的更新做好了准备。此项目的改造基于历史城区中心的特征、规模及过往经历完成,同时也为街道和广场增添了现代感。为满足城市中各类型公共生活而设计的铺装和城市家具强调了这一新特征。在创造从宏观到细节之间明确关联性的过程中,目标是建立一个具有整体性的历史城区中心的鲜明特点,同时也通过局部细节的处理使不同的公共空间各具特色。     

The Effects of Environmental Risk Factors on City Life Cycle: A Link Analysis

ABSTRACT

Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, social economy develops in an unparalleled speed, while it certainly fosters the consumption of natural resources and the pressure to protect the ecological environment. Hence, there is a two-way relationship between the well-being of humans and the natural environment. In this study, link analysis techniques along with multivariate statistical analysis were employed to discover the effects of environmental risk factors on city life cycle, where suicides, immigration, and emigration were considered as the fundamental indicators of how cities evolve. Association rules, classification trees, MANOVA, and linear discriminant analysis were applied to data on air quality, socioeconomic development, and demographical factors belonging to the cities of Turkey. The results indicate that socioeconomic development levels of cities differ along attraction and life satisfaction dimensions. People tend to choose a city with better development level and better air quality in order to increase their life satisfaction. Additionally, developed cities are less likely to have issues with air quality and citizens who live in a poorly developed city are least satisfied with their lives.     

咸宁市县级医院医务人员生命质量与医院绩效的相关分析

目的 了解县级医院绩效与医务人员生命质量之间的关系。方法 采用随机抽样方法,应用世界卫生组织生命质量测定量表简表（WHOQOL-BREF）对咸宁市8家医院331名医务人员进行问卷调查。结果 县级医院医务人员在生理、心理、环境领域和总体健康状况得分低于常模,差异有显著性（t=8.15,P<0.001; t=7.46,P<0.001; t=3.56,P<0.001; t=5.61,P<0.001）;医院绩效和生命质量之间存在相关关系。结论 有必要采取措施提高医务人员的生命质量,从而提高县级医院绩效。     

Defining Life or Bringing Biology to Life

In the present, post-genomic times, systemic or holistic approaches to living phenomena are compulsory to overcome the limits of traditional strategies, such as the methodological reductionism of molecular biology. In this paper, we propose that theoretical and philosophical efforts to define life also contribute to those integrative approaches, providing a global theoretical framework that may help to deal with or interpret the huge amount of data being collected by current high-throughput technologies, in this so-called ‘omics’ revolution. We claim that two fundamental notions can capture the core of the living, (basic) autonomy and open-ended evolution, and that only the complementary combination of these two theoretical constructs offers an adequate solution to the problem of defining the nature of life in specific enough—but also encompassing enough—terms. This tentative solution should also illuminate, in its most elementary version, the leading steps towards living beings on Earth.     

From Life Cycle Assessment to Life Cycle Management

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a widely accepted methodology to support decision‐making processes in which one compares alternatives, and that helps prevent shifting of environmental burdens along the value chain or among impact categories. According to regulation in the European Union (EU), the movement of waste needs to be reduced and, if unavoidable, the environmental gain from a specific waste treatment option requiring transport must be larger than the losses arising from transport. The EU explicitly recommends the use of LCA or life cycle thinking for the formulation of new waste management plans. In the last two revisions of the Industrial Waste Management Programme of Catalonia (PROGRIC), the use of a life cycle thinking approach to waste policy was mandated. In this article we explain the process developed to arrive at practical life cycle management (LCM) from what started as an LCA project. LCM principles we have labeled the “3/3” principle or the “good enough is best” principle were found to be essential to obtain simplified models that are easy to understand for legislators and industries, useful in waste management regulation, and, ultimately, feasible. In this article, we present the four models of options for the management of waste solvent to be addressed under Catalan industrial waste management regulation. All involved actors concluded that the models are sufficiently robust, are easy to apply, and accomplish the aim of limiting the transport of waste outside Catalonia, according to the principles of proximity and sufficiency.     

生命条形码与生命之树

生命条形码和生命之树的研究与应用在近十年内备受关注,成为生命科学研究领域的两个热点。本文综述了生命条形码和生命之树的概念来源、研究现状、面临问题与解决方案,并对其发展前景进行了展望。生命之树概念的形成有着悠久的历史渊源,DNA条形码的提出和实施则只有十年的历史,两者均得益于测序技术和生物信息技术的蓬勃发展;但两者的目的不同,生命条形码技术旨在实现对物种的快速鉴定,而生命之树研究的主要目的则是重建生命世界的起源和进化历史以及各生物类群之间的亲缘关系,因此应根据两者不同的目标任务而采取相应的发展思路和顶层设计。本文针对目前生命条形码和生命之树研究领域遇到的瓶颈和问题进行了阐述,并提出了相应的解决方案。最后,作者建议我国学者抓住机遇．与多个领域的学者和工程技术人员广泛合作,推动DNA条形码鉴定技术和生命之树理论研究的快速发展。