Thermohalobaculum xanthum gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - A novel moderately thermophilic and halophilic bacterium, designated strain M0105T, was isolated from mangrove sediment collected in the Beibu Gulf, south China. The...     

Microbulbifer hainanensis sp. nov., a moderately halopilic bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - A new bacterium was successfully isolated from a mangrove sediment sample in Haikou City, Hainan Province, China. The organism is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile...     

Lanceispora amphibia gen. et sp. nov., a new amphisphaeriaceous ascomycete inhabiting senescent and fallen leaves of mangrove

Lanceispora amphibia gen. et sp. nov. in the Amphisphaeriaceae is described from senescent and fallen leaves ofBruguiera gymnorrhiza in mangrove forests in the Southwest Islands, Japan. The fungus produces immersed ascomata in leaf tissue, cylindrical asci with an apical ring staining blue with iodine, and oblanceolate ascospores with a septum above the middle. Studies on the fungal succession on the mangrove leaves revealed thatL. amphibia infects senescent leaves on the tree and inhabits intertidal fallen leaves, showing the highest frequency of occurrence at the late stage of decomposition. In culture the optimal conditions for hyphal growth were 20 ppt salinity and 30°C, and those for sexual reproduction were 10 ppt salinity and 25°C. Growth at 0 ppt (fresh water) was depressed. The fungus has amphibious habits, growing on the tree and in intertidal water; and it is adapted to the high osmotic conditions in leaf tissues of the mangrove tree and to the subtropical, brackish water environment of mangrove forests.     

Schumannella soli sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from mangrove soil by in situ cultivation

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - A novel actinobacterial strain, designated 10F1D-1T, was isolated from soil sample collected from Futian mangrove nature reserve, China using of the in situ cultivation...     

Surculiseries rugispora gen. et sp. nov., a new endophytic mitosporic fungus from leaves ofBruguiera gymnorrhiza

Surculiseries rugispora gen. et sp. nov. is described as an endophytic fungus from leaves ofBruguiera gymnorrhiza in mangrove forests in the Iriomote Is., Okinawa, Japan. This fungus develops peculiar conditiongenous cells that resemble octopus legs with obvious sucker-like scars, and produces lentiform conidia with lines on surface. Sequence analysis of 18S rDNA places this new fungus in the family Xylariaceae and shows its close affinity to the genusAscotricha (anamorph:Dicyma).     

Verrucosispora wenchangensis sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil

An actinomycete strain 234402^T was isolated from a mangrove soil sample collected in Wenchang, China. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 234402^T indicated that the highest similarity was to Verrucosispora sediminis MS426^T (99.25%). The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H₄) and MK-9(H₆), with MK-9(H₈) as minor components. The characteristic whole-cell sugars were xylose, mannose and glucose. The phospholipid profile was found to comprise phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and an unknown phospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 69.2 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests and low DNA–DNA relatedness demonstrated strain 234402^T could be readily distinguished from the closely related Verrucosispora species. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 234402^T represents a novel species of the genus Verrucosispora, for which the name Verrucosispora wenchangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 234402^T (=CCTCC AA 2011018^T=DSM 45674^T).     

Candida nonsorbophila sp. nov., a new ascomycetous yeast species isolated in Thailand

Four yeast strains, RS42, SSK10, ST-520 and ST-521, isolated from water in a mangrove forest, bark of a tree and fruit of Ficus sp., respectively, were found to represent a hitherto undescribed anamorphic species. The four strains are related to Candida sinolaborantium in the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA gene, but differed by eight nucleotide substitutions and two indels, and for this reason are regarded as members of a separate species. Because ascospore formation was not detected, it is described as a new species of Candida, Candida nonsorbophila sp. nov. The type strain is RS42^T (BCC 25963^T=NBRC 103860^T=CBS 10862^T). This species is distinguished from C. sinolaborantium by the inability to assimilate l -sorbose, l -rhamnose and galactitol, and a higher maximum growth temperature.     

Actinobacillus rossii sp. nov., Actinobacillus seminis sp. nov., nom. rev., Pasteurella bettii sp. nov., Pasteurella lymphangitidis sp. nov., Pasteurella mairi sp. nov., and Pasteurella trehalosi sp. nov

Evidence from numerical taxonomic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization supports the proposal of new species in the genera Actinobacillus and Pasteurella. The following new species are proposed: Actinobacillus rossii sp. nov., from the vaginas of postparturient sows; Actinobacillus seminis sp. nov., nom. rev., associated with epididymitis of sheep; Pasteurella bettii sp. nov., associated with human Bartholin gland abscess and finger infections; Pasteurella lymphangitidis sp. nov. (the BLG group), which causes bovine lymphangitis; Pasteurella mairi sp. nov., which causes abortion in sows; and Pasteurella trehalosi sp. nov., formerly biovar T of Pasteurella haemolytica, which causes septicemia in older lambs.     

Micromonospora haikouensis sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil

An actinomycete strain 232617^T was isolated from a composite mangrove sediment sample collected in Haikou, China. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 232617^T indicated the highest similarity with Micromonospora siamensis TT2-4^T (99.05%), Micromonospora krabiensis A-2^T (98.99%) and Micromonospora carbonacea DSM 43815^T (98.91%). The gyrB gene sequence analysis also indicated that 232617^T should be assigned to the genus Micromonospora. The cell wall contains meso-DAP and glycine. The major menaquinones were MK-10(H₄) and MK-10(H₆), with MK-9(H₄) as minor components. The characteristic whole-cell sugars are xylose, arabinose and glucose. The phospholipid profile comprises phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidlglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The DNA G+C content is 71.5 mol%. Furthermore, a combination of DNA–DNA relatedness and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that the novel strain could be readily distinguished from the closest related species. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 232617^T represents a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora haikouensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 232617^T (= CCTCC AA 201112 ^T = DSM 45626 ^T).     

Phylogenetic classification of ten novel species belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium comprising B. phasiani sp. nov., B. pongonis sp. nov., B. saguinibicoloris sp. nov., B. colobi sp. nov., B. simiiventris sp. nov., B. santillanense sp. nov., B. miconis sp. nov., B. amazonense sp. nov., B. pluvialisilvae sp. nov., and B. miconisargentati sp. nov

Ten Bifidobacterium strains, i.e., 6T3, 64T4, 79T10, 80T4, 81T8, 82T1, 82T10, 82T18, 82T24, and 82T25, were isolated from mantled guereza (Colobus guereza), Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abeli), silvery marmoset (Mico argentatus), golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), pied tamarin (Saguinus bicolor), and common pheasant (Phaisanus colchinus). Cells are Gram-positive, non-motile, non-sporulating, facultative anaerobic, and fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive. Phylogenetic analyses based on the core genome sequences revealed that isolated strains exhibit close phylogenetic relatedness with Bifidobacterium genus members belonging to the Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pullorum, and Bifidobacterium tissieri phylogenetic groups. Phenotypic characterization and genotyping based on the genome sequences clearly show that these strains are distinct from each of the type strains of the so far recognized Bifidobacterium species. Thus, B. phasiani sp. nov. (6T3 = LMG 32224^T = DSM 112544^T), B. pongonis sp. nov. (64T4 = LMG 32281^T = DSM 112547^T), B. saguinibicoloris sp. nov. (79T10 = LMG 32232^T = DSM 112543^T), B. colobi sp. nov. (80T4 = LMG 32225^T = DSM 112552^T), B. simiiventris sp. nov. (81T8 = LMG 32226^T = DSM 112549^T), B. santillanense sp. nov. (82T1 = LMG 32284^T = DSM 112550^T), B. miconis sp. nov. (82T10 = LMG 32282^T = DSM 112551^T), B. amazonense sp. nov. (82T18 = LMG 32297^T = DSM 112548^T), pluvialisilvae sp. nov. (82T24 = LMG 32229^T = DSM 112545^T), and B. miconisargentati sp. nov. (82T25 = LMG 32283^T = DSM 112546^T) are proposed as novel Bifidobacterium species.     

Kwoniella mangroviensis gen. nov., sp.nov. (Tremellales, Basidiomycota), a teleomorphic yeast from mangrove habitats in the Florida Everglades and Bahamas

Mangrove forests inhabit the shoreline regions of tropical and subtropical marine habitats, where they are the basis of a multi-trophic level food web that drives the shellfish and fisheries industries. Yeasts, and other fungi, have significant roles in these ecosystems as they decompose plant organic material and serve as a food source for small invertebrates. Studies designed to examine yeast communities of mangrove regions of the Florida Everglades and the Bahamas demonstrated the repeated presence of an undescribed teleomorphic basidiomycetous yeast. The yeast is heterothallic, with a sexual cycle that can be observed on artificial media. Mating between compatible pairs produces polymorphic basidia. Some basidia are globose, ovoid or lageniform, with longitudinal to oblique and transverse septa, whereas other basidia are navicular with one to three transverse septa. Basidiocarps and ballistoconidia are absent. Molecular sequence analysis of a partial region (D1/D2 domains) of the large subunit rRNA demonstrated that the yeast is phylogenetically distinct from other teleomorphic Tremellales with close relationships to the anamorphic species Cryptococcus dejecticola, Cryptococcus bestiolae and Bullera dendrophila. The molecular and phenotypic data indicate that this teleomorph should be classified in a novel genus. Therefore, Kwoniella mangroviensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Type strain CBS 8507), is proposed.     

Eight new species of the genus Micromonospora, Micromonospora citrea sp. nov., Micromonospora echinaurantiaca sp. nov., Micromonospora echinofusca sp. nov. Micromonospora fulviviridis sp. nov., Micromonospora inyonensis sp. nov., Micromonospora peucetia sp. nov., Micromonospora sagamiensis sp. nov., and Micromonospora viridifaciens sp. nov

A previous phylogenetic study on type strains of the genus Micromonospora and Micromonospora species bearing non-validly published names has pointed towards the species status of several of latter strains. Subsequent studies on morphological, cultural, chemotaxonomic, metabolic, and genomic properties, and on whole cell mass spectrometric analyses by matrix adsorbed laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) confirmed the species status, leading to the proposal of eight new Micromonospora species: Micromonospora citrea sp. nov., type strain DSM 43903T, Micromonospora echinaurantiaca sp. nov., type strain DSM 43904T, Micromonospora echinofusca sp. nov., type strain DSM 43913T, Micromonospora fulviviridis sp. nov., type strain DSM 43906T, Micromonospora inyonensis sp. nov., type strain DSM 46123T, Micromonospora peucetia sp. nov., type strain DSM 43363T, Micromonospora sagamiensis sp. nov., type strain DSM 43912T and Micromonospora viridifaciens sp. nov., type strain DSM 43909T.     

Candida chanthaburiensis sp. nov., Candida kungkrabaensis sp. nov. and Candida suratensis sp. nov., three novel yeast species from decaying plant materials submerged in water of mangrove forests

In a taxonomic study of yeasts isolated from decaying plant materials submerged in water of mangrove forests in Thailand, three strains isolated from tree bark (EM33^T), a fallen leaf (EM40^T) and a detached branch (SM56^T) were found to represent three novel yeast species. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, and the phylogenetic analysis, the three strains were assigned as three novel Candida species. They were named as Candida chanthaburiensis sp. nov. (type strain EM33^T = BCC 23057^T = NBRC 102176^T = CBS 10926^T), Candida kungkrabaensis sp. nov. (type strain EM40^T = BCC 23060^T = NBRC 102179^T = CBS 10927^T), and Candida suratensis sp. nov. (type strain SM56^T = BCC 25961^T = NBRC 103858^T = CBS 10928^T).     

Defluviimonas denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., and Pararhodobacter aggregans gen. nov., sp. nov., non-phototrophic Rhodobacteraceae from the biofilter of a marine aquaculture

Three Gram-negative bacterial strains were isolated from the biofilter of a recirculating marine aquaculture. They were non-pigmented rods, mesophiles, moderately halophilic, and showed chemo-organoheterotrophic growth on various sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids, with oxygen as electron acceptor; strains D9-3^T and D11-58 were in addition able to denitrify. Phototrophic or fermentative growth could not be demonstrated. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences placed D9-3^T and D11-58, and D1-19^T on two distinct branches within the alpha-3 proteobacterial Rhodobacteraceae, affiliated with, but clearly separate from, the genera Rhodobacter, Rhodovulum, and Rhodobaca. Based on morphological, physiological, and 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic characteristics, the isolated strains are proposed as new species of two novel genera, Defluviimonas denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain D9-3^T = DSM 18921^T = ATCC BAA-1447^T; additional strain D11-58 = DSM19039 = ATCC BAA-1448) and Pararhodobacter aggregans gen. nov., sp. nov (type strain D1-19^T = DSM 18938^T = ATCC BAA-1446^T).     

Anaerofustis stercorihominis gen. nov., sp. nov., from human feces

Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on an unidentified Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from human feces. The organism was catalase-negative, resistant to 20% bile, produced acetic and butyric acids as end products of glucose metabolism, and possessed a G+C content of approximately 70 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the unidentified bacterium was a member of the Clostridium sub-phylum of the Gram-positive bacteria, and formed a loose association with rRNA cluster XV. Sequence divergence values of 12% or greater were observed between the unidentified bacterium and all other recognized species within this and related rRNA clusters. Treeing analysis showed the unknown anaerobe formed a deep line branching near to the base of rRNA cluster XV and phylogenetically represents a hitherto unknown taxon, distinct from Acetobacterium, Eubacterium sensu stricto, Pseudoramibacter and other related organisms. Based on both phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium from feces be classified in a new genus Anaerofustis, as Anaerofustis stercorihominis sp. nov. The type strain of Anaerofustis stercorihominis is ATCC BAA-858(T)=CCUG 47767(T).     

Kaistia adipata gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel alpha-proteobacterium

A taxonomic study was carried out on Chj404T, a bacterial strain isolated from a soil sample collected in an industrial stream near the Chung-Ju industrial complex in Korea. The strain was a gram-negative, aerobic, short rod to coccus-shaped bacterium. It grew well on nutrient agar medium and utilized a broad spectrum of carbon sources. The G+C content of the DNA was 67.4 mol% and the major composition of ubiquinone was Q-10. The major fatty acid was C18:1. Comparative 16S rDNA studies showed a clear affiliation of this bacterium to alpha-Proteobacteria. Comparison of phylogenetic data indicated that it was most closely related to Prosthecomicrobium pneumaticum (92.7% similarity in 16S rDNA sequence). Since strain Chj404 is clearly distinct from closely related species, we propose the name Kaistia adipata gen. nov., sp. nov. for this strain Chj404T (=IAM 15023T=KCTC 12095T).     

Alkalobacter lublini gen. nov., sp. nov.

On the basis of phenotypic properties and G+C content of DNA, as well as competitive DNA-DNA hybridization and extracellular polymeric substance analysis it was shown that this strain was completely different from all other alkaliphilic bacteria. We hereby propose that this strain be designatedAlkalobacter lublini gen. nov., sp. nov.     

Mycoplasma simbae sp. nov., Mycoplasma leopharyngis sp. nov., and Mycoplasma leocaptivus sp. nov., isolated from lions.

Mycoplasmas isolated from the throats of lions were shown to belong to three serotypes, all of which were serologically distinct from the previously recognized Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma spp. Eight mycoplasma colonies were cloned, including one from a leopard (strain LP), and were examined in detail for morphology, growth, and biochemical characteristics. The strains had the following properties: guanine-plus-cytosine contents of 37 mol% (strain LXT [T = type strain]), 28 mol% (strain LL2T), and 27 mol% (strain 3L2T) and a requirement for sterol. Strain 3L2T metabolized glucose, which was not metabolized by strains LXT and LL2T. Arginine and urea were not hydrolyzed. Strain LX (= NCTC 11724) is the type strain of a new species, Mycoplasma simbae; strain LL2 (= NCTC 11725) is the type strain of a second new species, Mycoplasma leopharyngis; and strain 3L2 (= NCTC 11726) is the type strain of a third new species, Mycoplasma leocaptivus.