全身麻醉术后患者苏醒室内低体温发生率及其影响因素的Logistic回归分析

摘要 目的：统计全身麻醉术后患者苏醒室内低体温发生率,并分析其影响因素。方法：以2020年5月~2020年10月我院收治的110例接受全身麻醉手术的患者为研究对象,采用回顾性分析方法,整理患者的病历资料。观察全身麻醉术后患者苏醒室内低体温发生率,发生低体温的列为低体温组,未发生低体温的列为正常体温组,采用多因素Logistic回归分析低体温的相关因素。结果：全身麻醉术后患者苏醒室内低体温患者为15例,低体温发生率为13.64%（15/110）。单因素分析发现,全身麻醉术后患者苏醒室内低体温发生与年龄、麻醉时间、手术时间、美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级、苏醒延迟、术中输液量有关（P<0.05）,而与性别、体质量指数、术中环境温度、术前血红蛋白无关（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,手术时间>4h、ASA分级为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、术中输液量>1300 mL、年龄>60岁为全身麻醉术后患者苏醒室内低体温发生的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：全身麻醉术后患者苏醒室内低体温的发生不可避免,且受多种因素影响,需尽量缩短手术时间,做好输入液体保温,特别做好老年患者保温工作,以减少低体温的发生风险。     

右美托咪定预防胃癌根治术病人术后躁动的临床观察

目的:研究右美托咪定用于全麻下行胃癌根治术后躁动的镇静效果.方法:选择60例因胃癌需行全胃癌根治术的病人随机分为右美托嘧定组(D组)和安慰剂组(C组),每组30例.患者选用静脉复合全身麻醉,D组于术毕前半小时泵注右美托嘧定0.6μg/kg,10分钟泵完.C组以同样方式泵注生理盐水.术毕待患者呼吸恢复,清醒拔管.监测记录患者入室后(T0),拔管前(T1),拔管时(T2),拔管后5 min(T3)、拔管后15 min(T4)时的术中心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP),记录手术结束至拔管的时间,观察患者手术后躁动的次数和程度.结果:①两组患者性别、年龄、体质量、手术时间无显著差异.②C组T1,T2,T3,时间点MAP、HR值与T0比较有明显差异(P＜0.05).D组各时间点较T0无明显变化,D组HR,MAP较C组明显降低(P＜0.05),③D组的拔管时间较C组长(P＜0.05).D组的躁动发生率明显低于C组(P＜0.05).结论:术毕前半小时泵注右美托咪定(10分钟泵完)可显著减少手术后躁动的发生,减少手术后呼吸抑制发生的可能性,保障了患者术后的安全.     

Incidence of Pituitary Apoplexy and Its Risk Factors in Chinese People: A Database Study of Patients with Pituitary Adenoma

Background

There are few studies of the incidence and clinical characteristics of pituitary apoplexy (PA) in pituitary adenoma patients, and the findings have been inconsistent.

Objective

The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess the incidence, clinical presentation, surgical management and postoperative complications of PA in pituitary adenoma patients.

Methods

A database was specifically designed to collect clinical, therapeutic, prognostic and histological information about pituitary adenoma patients. Using multivariate logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to identify associated factors.

Results

A total of 2021 pituitary adenoma patients were recruited. 97 (4.8%) patients had PA. The incidence of PA was 10.11% in patients with pituitary macroadenoma, and 0.36% in patients with microadenoma. Variables for the logistic regression model independently associated with PA were sex (male vs. female, OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.59~4.07), tumor type (negative staining vs. positive staining, OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.29~3.23), and tumor size (macroadenoma vs. microadenoma, OR = 26.46, 95% CI = 9.66~72.46). Headache, visual deterioration, and vomiting were the most common symptoms in patients with pituitary adenoma. Patients with and without PA had similar frequency of visual deterioration, head trauma, acromegalic appearance, galactorrhoea, cold intolerance and Cushingoid appearance, but headache, vomiting, ptosis, diplopia, fever and blindness were significantly more common in patients with PA. Pearson Chi-Square tests revealed a significant difference in surgical approach between patients with and without PA (95.88% vs. 85.57%, P = 0.01).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that PA is not a rare event. Male sex, non-functioning tumor, and macroadenoma are associated with an increased risk of PA. Compared with pituitary adenoma patients without PA, patients with PA have more severe symptoms.     

Risk of Hemorrhage during Needle-Based Ophthalmic Regional Anesthesia in Patients Taking Antithrombotics: A Systematic Review

Background

Patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery are usually elderly and, due to systemic disease, may be on long-term therapy, such as antithrombotic agents. Rates of hemorrhagic complications associated with invasive procedures may be increased by the use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents.

Objective

To compare the incidence of hemorrhagic complications in patients undergoing needle-based ophthalmic regional anesthesia between patients on antithrombotic therapy and those not on such therapy.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted by two independent reviewers based on searches of Cochrane, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the “gray” literature (Google Scholar). The end search date was May 8, 2015, across all databases.

Results

Five studies met the eligibility criteria. In three studies, individual risk of bias was low, and in two of them, moderate. In all studies, no differences regarding mild to moderate incidence of hemorrhagic complications were found between patients using antithrombotics (aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin) and those not using them. Rates of severe hemorrhagic complication were very low (0.04%) in both groups, supporting the safety of needle blocks, even in patients using antithrombotics. High heterogeneity across studies prevented meta-analysis. Limitations to these results include low statistical power in three experimental studies and a large 95% confidence interval in the two retrospective cohorts.

Conclusion

In this review, none of the selected studies showed significant bleeding related to needle-based ophthalmic regional anesthesia in association with the use of aspirin, clopidogrel, or vitamin K inhibitors. Since the available data is not powerful enough to provide a reliable evaluation of the true effect of antithrombotics in this setting, new studies to address these limitations are necessary.     

全麻复合硬膜外麻醉对腹腔镜结肠癌根治术患者麻醉效果及相关指标的影响

目的:探究腹腔镜结肠癌根治术患者采用全麻复合硬膜外麻醉的效果及对相关指标的影响。方法:选取120例于2016年9月到2018年10月期间在我院进行腹腔镜结肠癌根治术的患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组(n=60)和复合组(n=60),对照组采用全麻,复合组采用全麻复合硬膜外麻醉。观察两组患者的麻醉效果;记录两组患者麻醉诱导前(T_0)、气腹前(T_1)、气腹后15 min(T_2)、气腹结束后(T_3)和出室即刻(T_4)的舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)和心率(HR)的变化;手术前、麻醉复苏前和术后1天的胰岛素抵抗指数(IR)、血糖水平(BS)、肾上腺素(AD)以及血清皮质醇(Cor)水平的变化;麻醉前、麻醉后2 h、术后1天和术后3天的CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+的水平变化。结果:复合组患者的麻醉诱导时间、自主呼吸恢复时间和苏醒时间明显短于对照组,麻醉维持时间明显长于对照组(P0.05)。复合组患者在T_2、T_3、T4时间点的DBP、SBP和HR明显低于对照组(P0.05)。麻醉复苏前和手术后1天,复合组患者的IR、BS、AD、Cor的水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。麻醉后2 h、术后1天和术后3天的CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对腹腔镜结肠癌根治手术患者进行全麻符合硬膜外麻醉可以提高麻醉效果,减少对血流动力学的影响,减轻应激反应,减少对患者细胞免疫功能的影响。     

硬膜外复合全身麻醉对开胸手术患者麻醉苏醒期苏醒质量和应激状态的影响

目的:探讨硬膜外复合全身麻醉对开胸手术患者麻醉苏醒期苏醒质量和应激状态的影响。方法:选择2013年6月~2015年3月在我院行开胸手术患者80例作为研究对象,按照数字随机表法分为对照组和观察组,分别给予静吸复合全身麻醉和硬膜外复合全身麻醉,比较两组患者术后苏醒的时间和拔管的时间,采用运动活动评分(MAAS)评估镇静程度,电化学法测定去肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)及多巴胺(DA)水平。结果:观察组的苏醒时间为(7.12±1.23)min,拔管时间为(11.38±1.86)min,均短于对照组的(15.34±2.82)min和(25.71±4.22)min,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后0.5 h及术后6 h两组患者的MAAS均高于术前,且观察组优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后NE、E及DA水平均高于术前,且对照组高于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:开胸手术患者采用硬膜外复合全身麻醉可缩短苏醒时间和拔管时间,提高患者的苏醒质量,降低应激反应,值得临床推广应用。     

Incidence,Characteristics and Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury among Dengue Patients: A Retrospective Analysis

Background

Dengue induced acute kidney injury (AKI) imposes heavy burden of illness in terms of morbidity and mortality. A retrospective study was conducted to investigate incidence, characteristics, risk factors and clinical outcomes of AKI among dengue patients.

Methodology

A total 667 dengue patients (2008–2013) were retrospectively evaluated and were stratified into AKI and non-AKI groups by using AKIN criteria. Two groups were compared by using appropriate statistical methods.

Results

There were 95 patients (14.2%) who had AKI, with AKIN-I, AKIN-II and AKIN-III in 76.8%, 16.8% and 6.4% patients, respectively. Significant differences (P<0.05) in demographics and clinico-laboratory characteristics were observed between patients with and without AKI. Presence of dengue hemorrhagic fever [OR (95% CI): 8.0 (3.64–17.59), P<0.001], rhabdomyolysis [OR (95% CI): 7.9 (3.04–20.49)], multiple organ dysfunction [OR (95% CI): 34.6 (14.14–84.73), P<0.001], diabetes mellitus [OR (95% CI): 4.7 (1.12–19.86), P = 0.034], late hospitalization [OR (95% CI): 2.1 (1.12–19.86), P = 0.033] and use of nephrotoxic drugs [OR (95% CI): 2.9 (1.12–19.86), P = 0.006] were associated with AKI. Longer hospital stay (>3 days) was also observed among AKI patients (OR = 1.3, P = 0.044). Additionally, 48.4% AKI patients had renal insufficiencies at discharge that were signicantly associated with severe dengue, secondary infection and diabetes mellitus. Overall mortality was 1.2% and all fatal cases had AKI.

Conclusions

The incidence of AKI is high at 14.2% among dengue patients, and those with AKI portended significant morbidity, mortality, longer hospital stay and poor renal outcomes. Our findings suggest that AKI in dengue is likely to increase healthcare burden that underscores the need of clinicians’ alertness to this highly morbid and potentially fatal complication for optimal prevention and management.     

A Prospective Study of Gynecological Cancer Risk in Relation to Adiposity Factors: Cumulative Incidence and Association with Plasma Adipokine Levels

Background

Associations of obesity and obesity-related metabolic factors (adiposity factors) with uterine corpus cancer (UCC) and ovarian cancer (OVC) risk have been described. Still, a cause-effect relationship and the underlying mediators remain unclear, particularly for low-incidence populations. We aimed to prospectively determine whether adiposity factors could predict the development of UCC and OVC in Taiwanese women. To explore the biological mediators linking adiposity factors to cancer risk, we examined the association of two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, with the gynecological cancers.

Methods

Totally, 11,258 women, aged 30–65, were recruited into the Community-Based Cancer Screening Program (CBCSP) study during 1991–1993, and were followed for UCC and OVC cases until December 31, 2011. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Adiposity factors and risk covariates were assessed at recruitment. Newly-developed cancer cases were determined from data in the government’s National Cancer Registry and Death Certification System. For adipokienes study, a nested case-control study was conducted within the cohort. Baseline plasma samples of 40 incident gynecological cancer cases and 240 age-menopause-matched controls were assayed for adipokines levels.

Findings

There were 38 and 30 incident cases of UCC and OVC, respectively, diagnosed during a median 19.9 years of follow-up. Multivariate analysis showed that alcohol intake (HR = 16.00, 95% = 4.83–53.00), high triglyceride levels (HR = 2.58, 95% = 1.28–5.17), and years of endogenous estrogen exposure per 5-year increment (HR = 1.91, 95% = 1.08–3.38) were associated with increased UCC risk. High body mass index (BMI≥27 kg/m², HR = 2.90, 95% = 1.30–6.46) was associated with increased OVC risk. Analysis further showed an independent effect of adipokines on UCC and OVC risk after adjustment of the risk covariates.

Conclusion

We provided evidence that alcohol intake, high triglyceride levels and long endogenous estrogen exposure increase UCC risk, whereas obesity positively predicts OVC risk. Circulating adipokines may mediate the link of adiposity factors to gynecological cancer risk.     

Hemostatic Factors and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in General Populations: New Prospective Study and Updated Meta-Analyses

Background

Activation of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis may be associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. We aimed to assess associations of circulating tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen, D-dimer and von Willebrand factor (VWF) with coronary heart disease risk.

Design

Prospective case-control study, systematic review and meta-analyses.

Methods

Measurements were made in 1925 people who had a first-ever nonfatal myocardial infarction or died of coronary heart disease during follow-up (median 19.4 years) and in 3616 controls nested within the prospective population-based Reykjavik Study.

Results

Age and sex-adjusted odds ratios for coronary heart disease per 1 standard deviation higher baseline level were 1.25 (1.18, 1.33) for t-PA antigen, 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) for D-dimer and 1.11 (1.05, 1.18) for VWF. After additional adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, corresponding odds ratios were 1.07 (0.99, 1.14) for t-PA antigen, 1.06 (1.00, 1.13) for D-dimer and 1.08 (1.02, 1.15) for VWF. When combined with the results from previous prospective studies in a random-effects meta-analysis, overall adjusted odds ratios were 1.13 (1.06, 1.21) for t-PA antigen (13 studies, 5494 cases), 1.23 (1.16, 1.32) with D-dimer (18 studies, 6799 cases) and 1.16 (1.10, 1.22) with VWF (15 studies, 6556 cases).

Conclusions

Concentrations of t-PA antigen, D-dimer and VWF may be more modestly associated with first-ever CHD events than previously reported. More detailed analysis is required to clarify whether these markers are causal risk factors or simply correlates of coronary heart disease.     

老年患者全身麻醉气管插管后致下呼吸道感染的相关因素分析及对策

目的:探讨老年患者全身麻醉气管插管后致下呼吸道感染麻醉相关影响因素,并采取相对应的处理措施,以期提高临床治疗水平。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月-2013年1月103例老年全身麻醉气管插管患者,对其中出现下呼吸道感染的13例患者进行回顾性麻醉影响因素分析。结果:老年患者全身麻醉气管插管后下呼吸道感染麻醉相关影响因素有插管过深、插管不熟练、拔管指征不完全、拔管延迟(3 h)、麻醉时间长(3 h)等(P0.05)。而与患者插管途径、插管方式、拔管延迟(3 h)无关(P0.05)。结论:老年患者全身麻醉气管插管后致下呼吸道感染麻醉相关影响因素较大,临床上要加以规范。     

老年患者全身麻醉术后认知功能障碍的影响因素分析

目的：探讨分析老年非心脏手术患者全身麻醉术后认知功能障碍(POCD)的影响因素。方法：选择我院80 例老年行非心脏手 术患者,所有患者均给予全身麻醉手术,于术前及术后1、3 d 分别使用简易智能状态检查法（MMSE）评估患者认知功能,同时记 录行不同手术种类患者POCD 发生率并分析其年龄、麻醉时间、术中出血量、并发症情况及受教育程度等指标与POCD发生的相 关性。结果：80 例患者POCD发生率为30.0%,且不同种类手术中的发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;POCD 组术后1d MMSE 评分为较术前分明显下降,比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05);POCD组术后3 d及非POCD 组术后1、3 d MMSE 评分与 术前比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;Logistic 回归分析显示,患者年龄、文化程度、麻醉持续时间≥ 3 h、术中出血量≥ 350 mL及 合并高血压与POCD的发生具有显著相关性（P＜0.05）。结论：行全麻手术患者术后POCD 发病率较高,且患者高龄、文化程度 低、高血压合并症及麻醉持续时间长等是引起POCD发生的重要影响因素。     

术前合理管理对老年下肢骨折全麻手术患者血糖水平、血流动力学及应激因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨术前合理管理对老年下肢骨折全麻手术患者血糖水平、血流动力学及应激因子的影响。方法：选择2017年6月-2019年6月我院收治的120例拟行全麻手术治疗的老年下肢骨折患者,随机分为两组。观察组（60例）给予术前合理管理,对照组（60例）给予传统术前管理。对比两组围术期血糖水平、血流动力学以及应激因子指标差异。结果：两组平均动脉压（MAP）、心输出量（CO）、体外循环阻力（SVR）、胸腔液体含量（TFC）、血糖、胰高血糖素、胰岛素、C肽、皮质醇 （Cor）、肾素（Rn）和促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）整体比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,观察组麻醉后或术后各时点MAP、CO、TFC、胰岛素、C肽高于对照组,SVR、血糖、胰高血糖素、Cor、Rn、ACTH低于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组术后首次排气时间、首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间短于对照组（P＜0.05）,口渴饥饿、术后感染发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：术前合理管理可稳定老年下肢骨折全麻手术患者围术期血流动力学和血糖水平,降低应激因子水平和术后并发症风险,加快术后患者的康复。     

Intraoperative and Anesthesia-Related Cardiac Arrest and Its Mortality in Older Patients: A 15-Year Survey in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital

Background

Little information is known about factors that influence perioperative and anesthesia-related cardiac arrest (CA) in older patients. This study evaluated the incidence, causes and outcome of intraoperative and anesthesia-related CA in older patients in a Brazilian teaching hospital between 1996 and 2010.

Methods

During the study, older patients received 18,367 anesthetics. Data collected included patient characteristics, surgical procedures, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, anesthesia type, medical specialty team and outcome. All CAs were categorized by cause into one of four groups: patient''s disease/condition-related, surgery-related, totally anesthesia-related or partially anesthesia-related.

Results

All intraoperative CAs and deaths rates are shown per 10,000 anesthetics. There were 100 CAs (54.44; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 44.68–64.20) and 68 deaths (37.02; 95% CI: 27.56–46.48). The majority of CAs were patient''s disease-/condition-related (43.5; 95% CI: 13.44–73.68). There were six anesthesia-related CAs (3.26; 95% CI: 0.65–5.87) - 1 totally and 5 partially anesthesia-related, and three deaths, all partially anesthesia-related (1.63; 95% CI: 0.0–3.47). ASA I-II physical status patients presented no anesthesia-related CA. Anesthesia-related CA, absent in the last five years of the study, was due to medication-/airway-related causes. ASA physical status was the most important predictor of CA (odds ratio: 14.52; 95% CI: 4.48–47.08; P<0.001) followed by emergency surgery (odds ratio: 8.07; 95% CI: 5.14–12.68; P<0.001).

Conclusions

The study identified high incidence of intraoperative CAs with high mortality in older patients. The large majority of CAs were caused by factors not anesthesia-related. Anesthesia-related CA and mortality rates were 3.26 and 1.63 per 10,000 anesthetics, with no anesthesia-related CA in the last five years of the study. Major predictors of intraoperative CAs were poorer ASA physical status and emergency surgery. All anesthesia-related CAs were medication-related or airway-related, which is important for prevention strategies.     

麻醉恢复室胃癌腹腔镜术后患者全麻苏醒期躁动发生率及其危险因素分析

摘要 目的：研究麻醉恢复室胃癌腹腔镜术后患者全麻苏醒期躁动（EA）发生率,并分析其危险因素。方法：选择2019年1月至2021年10月期间在我院接受胃癌腹腔镜术的患者208例为研究对象,观察麻醉恢复室胃癌腹腔镜术后患者EA发生率,并分析其危险因素。结果：208例麻醉恢复室胃癌腹腔镜术后患者中,约有22例患者发生EA,发生率为10.58%。根据患者术后是否发生EA分为EA组（n=22）和无EA组（n=186）。单因素分析结果显示麻醉恢复室胃癌腹腔镜术后患者EA发生与ASA分级、年龄、合并高血压、性别、合并糖尿病、手术时间、术前焦虑、尿管留置时间、术后镇痛情况、静吸复合麻醉维持、术中低体温、麻醉恢复室停留时间、术中补液量有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示手术时间≧3 h、静吸复合麻醉维持、无术后镇痛、术前焦虑、年龄≧60岁、术中低体温、合并糖尿病、ASA分级II级、性别男均是麻醉恢复室胃癌腹腔镜术后患者EA发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：麻醉恢复室胃癌腹腔镜术后患者EA发生率较高,且受到手术时间、静吸复合麻醉维持、术后镇痛情况等因素的影响,在临床工作中,针对上述因素采取防治措施,以期降低EA发生率。     

Incidence and Risk of Proteinuria with Aflibercept in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Background

Aflibercept is a human recombinant fusion protein with antiangiogenic effects that functions as a decoy receptor to bind vascular endothelial growth factor A. Proteinuria is one of its major adverse effects with a substantial variation in the incidence rate, and the overall risk of proteinuria has not been systematically studied. We performed a meta-analysis of published clinical trials to quantify the incidence and relative risk of proteinuria in cancer patients treated with aflibercept.

Methods

The electronic databases were searched, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases, and ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology) abstracts. Eligible studies were phase II and III prospective clinical trials of cancer patients treated with aflibercept with toxicity data on proteinuria. Overall incidence rates, relative risk (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using fixed or random effects models depending on the heterogeneity of the included studies.

Results

A total of 4,596 patients with a variety of solid tumors from 16 prospective clinical trials were included for the meta-analysis. The overall incidences of all-grade and high-grade proteinuria in cancer patients were 33.9% (95% CI: 27.3–42.1%) and 7.9% (95% CI: 6.1–10.2%). The relative risks of proteinuria of aflibercept compared to control were increased for all-grade (RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.13–1.77) and high-grade (RR = 6.18, 95% CI: 3.78–10.12) proteinuria. The risk of developing all-grade and high-grade proteinuria with aflibercept was substantially higher than that of bevacizumab (all-grade: RR 1.85, 95% CI: 1.63–2.11; high-grade: RR 2.37, 95% CI: 1.84–3.05).

Conclusions

Aflibercept is associated with an increased risk of developing proteinuria. Appropriate monitoring and treatment is strongly recommended to prevent potential renal damage. Future studies are still needed to investigate the risk reduction and possible use of aflibercept in cancer patients.     

Comparison of Combined General-Epidural Anesthesia with General Anesthesia Effects on Survival and Cancer Recurrence: A Meta-Analysis of Retrospective and Prospective Studies

Objective

Animals underwent combined general-epidural anesthesia (EGA) is reported to have better long-time outcome than general anesthesia (GA). This study aimed to make overall evaluation of the association between these two anesthetic techniques and prognosis of cancer patients undergoing surgery.

Methods

Related databases such as PubMed and EMbase were searched for eligible studies that evaluated the influence of EGA and GA on the prognosis of cancer patients undergoing surgery. Selected studies were evaluated according to the inclusion criteria by two reviewers respectively, followed by data extraction and quality assessment. The odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the influence strength of EGA and GA on prognosis of cancer patients.

Results

A total of ten studies involving 3254 patients were included. The overall results demonstrated that there was no significant difference between EGA and GA group (OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.06, P = 0.187) concerning postoperative recurrence and metastasis rate. In regard to the following two factors: cancer category and time of follow-up, subgroup analysis identified significant differences between EGA and GA in the group of patients with prostate cancer and the group with follow-up less than or equal to two years (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.95, P = 0.027; OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.98, P = 0.035; respectively) concerning postoperative recurrence and metastasis rate. However, no significant difference was found in the group of patients with colorectal cancer (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.84–1.33, P = 0.62).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis showed that EGA might be associated with improvement in prognosis of patients with operable prostate cancer and the cancer patients with follow-up less than or equal to two years. However, no obvious relationship between the improvement in prognosis of colorectal cancer and EGA were detected, comparing to GA. Furthermore, all the results should be interpreted cautiously, as heterogeneous data were used for analyzing.     

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Firefighters: A Prospective Cohort Study

Objective: Obesity, despite being a significant determinant of fitness for duty, is reaching epidemic levels in the workplace. Firefighters’ fitness is important to their health and to public safety. Research Methods and Procedures: We examined the distribution of BMI and its association with major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Massachusetts firefighters who underwent baseline (1996) and annual medical examinations through a statewide medical surveillance program over 5 years of follow‐up. We also evaluated firefighters’ weight change over time. Results: The mean BMI among 332 firefighters increased from 29 at baseline to 30 at the follow‐up examination (2001), and the prevalence of obesity increased from 35% to 40%, respectively (p < 0.0001). In addition, the proportion of firefighters with extreme obesity increased 4‐fold at follow‐up (from 0.6% to 2.4%, p < 0.0001). Obese firefighters were more likely to have hypertension (p = 0.03) and low high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (p = 0.01) at follow‐up. Firefighters with extreme obesity had an average of 2.1 CVD risk factors (excluding obesity) in contrast to 1.5 CVD risk factors for normal‐weight firefighters (p = 0.02). Finally, on average, normal‐weight firefighters gained 1.1 pounds, whereas firefighters with BMI ≥ 35 gained 1.9 pounds per year of active duty over 5 years of follow‐up. Discussion: Obesity is a major concern among firefighters and shows worsening trends over time. Periodic medical evaluations coupled with exercise and dietary guidelines are needed to address this problem, which threatens firefighters’ health and may jeopardize public safety.     

麻醉恢复室患者全麻苏醒期躁动的影响因素及与术后认知功能障碍的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨麻醉恢复室患者全麻苏醒期躁动（EA）的影响因素及与术后认知功能障碍（POCD）的关系。方法：选取2018年7月~2020年6月期间我院收治的100例麻醉恢复室患者,采用Riker镇静-躁动评分标准评估患者EA,采用本院自制问卷调查量表统计患者一般资料,采用蒙特利尔认知评估（MocA）量表评估研究对象的认知功能,应用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析EA患者的影响因素,观察EA与POCD的关系。结果：100例麻醉恢复室患者中,EA的发生率为13.00%（13/100）,其中发生EA的患者纳为躁动组（n=13）,未发生EA的患者纳为安静组（n=87）。POCD的发生率为38.00%（38/100）,其中发生POCD的患者纳为POCD组（n=38）,未发生POCD的患者纳为非POCD组（n=62）。单因素分析结果显示,EA的发生与年龄、性别、吸烟史、嗜酒史、术中补液、放置导尿管时间、ASA分级、术后镇痛、麻醉恢复室停留时间等因素有关（P<0.05）,而与麻醉风险等级、麻醉方式、术后血小板、术后白蛋白等因素无关（P>0.05）。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示男性、年龄≥60岁、ASA分级为III级、术后无镇痛、诱导后放置导尿管为EA发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。POCD组患者EA的发生率高于非POCD组（P<0.05）。结论：EA的发生与多种因素有关,临床应对年龄≥60岁、ASA分级为III级、术后无镇痛、诱导后放置导尿管等因素予以关注并适当干预,同时POCD与EA的发生具有一定的关系。     

The Incidence,Clinical Outcomes,and Risk Factors of Thrombocytopenia in Intra-Abdominal Infection Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background

Studies on the incidence and risk factors of thrombocytopenia among intra-abdominal infection patients remain absent, hindering efficacy assessments regarding thrombocytopenia prevention strategies.

Methods

We retrospectively studied 267 consecutively enrolled patients with intra-abdominal infections. Occurrence of thrombocytopenia was scanned for all patients. All-cause 28-day mortality was recorded. Variables from univariate analyses that were associated with occurrence of hospital-acquired thrombocytopenia were included in a multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine thrombocytopenia predictors.

Results

Median APACHE II score and SOFA score of the whole cohort was 12 and 3 respectively. The overall ICU mortality was 7.87% and the 28-day mortality was 8.98%. The incidence of thrombocytopenia among intra-abdominal infection patients was 21.73%. Regardless of preexisting or hospital-acquired one, thrombocytopenia is associated with an increased ICU mortality and 28-day mortality as well as length of ICU or hospital stay. A higher SOFA and ISTH score at admission were significant hospital-acquired thrombocytopenia risk factors.

Conclusions

This is the first study to identify a high incidence of thrombocytopenia in patients with intra-abdominal infections. Our findings suggest that the inflammatory milieu of intra-abdominal infections may uniquely predispose those patients to thrombocytopenia. More effective thrombocytopenia prevention strategies are necessary in intra-abdominal infection patients.