灰旱獭(Marmota baibacina)移动性的模拟实验

灰旱獭(Marmota baibacina)是珍贵的毛皮动物,也是我国天山山地鼠疫自然疫源地的主要储存宿主。研究该动物的生态学,对于阐明自然疫源地的动物流行病规律及指导制订消灭疫源性的措施具有重要的意义。 用标记动物进行动物生态学研究,国外于五十年代即已作了大量工作(PendletonR.C.1956)。一些苏联学者为解决鼠疫动物流行病的一些理论问题,进行了许多旱獭生态学研究。例如,Bn6n~os(1961,1962)用染色标记方法对灰旱獭的移动性进行了观察,把旱獭移动分为迁出式移动和种群内移动,Kn3nJios(1964)用染色标记法对红旱獭(Marmota caudata)的活动性和移动性进行了详细的观察;bepcuⅡgena(1966)用放射性同位素及染色标记法对灰旱獭的种群内接触进行了试验研究。     

我国首例白化喜马拉雅旱獭家族的发现及其描述

喜马拉雅旱獭Marmota himalayana 属啮齿目Rodentia 松鼠科Sciuridae 旱獭属Marmota,是大型地栖动物,为青藏高原特有种.其正常体色为自鼻端经两眼眉间到两耳前方之间有似三角形的黑色毛区.     

中国西伯利亚幼獭肝内接种美国土拨鼠肝炎病毒的实验研究

研究肝炎和肝癌关系的实验动物中,唯有土拨鼠感染土拨鼠肝类病毒(WoodchuckHepatitis Virus,WHv)后,其病程、结局与人类感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)相似,WHV DNA可与宿主肝细胞DNA整合并产生肝癌。中国旱獭(Marmota marmota)在     

喜马拉雅旱獭室内饲养与繁殖

喜马拉雅旱獭(Mermota himalayana)是青藏高原高寒草甸草原广泛栖息的野生哺乳动物,研究其饲养与繁殖将有助于进一步探讨该种啮齿动物的生态,并且提供实验条件。国内虽有饲养但未见繁殖的报道,美国成功的把室内饲养的美洲旱獭(Marmota monax)提供医学实验研究。青海省地方病防治研究所也在室内饲养成功,且能繁衍后代。现报道如下。 (一)动物来源 于1982年青海湖东北岸热水滩地区的草甸草原捕获活旱獭45只,在现     

旱獭的年龄与繁殖

旱獭(Marmota himalayana)是我国西北草原上的一种体形较大的冬眠啮齿动物,分布广、数量多,是草原的主要害鼠之一。但它又是一种经济动物,人们有狩猎习惯,目前随着农、牧业的发展和人工捕打,使旱獭密度不断下降,分布面积亦逐渐缩小。因此,掌握旱獭年龄和繁殖数量,对今后有计划、有防护的组织群众狩猎,进行综合利用,变害为益,支援社会主义建设都具有重要意义。     

土拨鼠染色体组型分析

在肿瘤细胞形成及发展的过程中,普遍存在染色体畸变。东方土拨鼠(Marmota monax)易感染与肝硬化和肝癌有关的乙型肝炎病毒,它是研究人类乙型肝炎病毒与原发性肝癌关系的最合适的动物模型。因此,了解土拨鼠正常     

白化喜马拉雅旱獭的血液生理指标

喜马拉雅旱獭Marmota himalayana是属啮齿目Rodentia松鼠科Sciuridae旱獭属Marmota的大型地栖性啮齿动物,为青藏高原特有种。2008年8月和2009年7月作者分别在青海海西乌兰县和青海海北门源县进行鼠疫监测工作时发现两个白化喜     

谢氏山蚤生活史的初步观察

<正> 谢氏山蚤Oropsylla silantiewi(Wagner)是喜马拉雅旱獭Marmota himalayana(Hodgson)的主要寄生蚤之一,是旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地的主要媒介昆虫。该蚤在獭体和窝巢数量之多,仅次于斧形盖蚤Callopsylla dolabris(Jordan ＆Rothschild)占第二位。对此蚤的野外调查已有较多的报告,但室内人工养殖未见有成功的报     

滇西北部喜马拉雅旱獭的生态观察

滇西北部的喜马拉雅旱獭 Marmota himalayana rabusta(Milen-Edwards)(下称旱獭)据现有资料,仅分布于德钦及中甸。现将1965年5—10月在德钦地区所获生态观察资料整理于后,供参考。     

喜马拉雅旱獭血液生化指标测定

本文首次测定了人工饲养条件下喜马拉雅旱獭Marmota himalayana的血液生化值。结果显示雄性喜马拉雅旱獭谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)水平显著高于雌性(P<0.05);人工喂养1年后,喜马拉雅旱獭血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和肌酐(CREA)水平降低,提示饲料中可适当增加蛋白的含量;冬眠后血清总蛋白(TP)含量明显下降,白蛋白水平略低于冬眠前。不同性别、年龄、不同饲养时间喜马拉雅旱獭其他指标差异均无统计学意义,说明建立的喜马拉雅旱獭人工饲养管理方法可保证动物血液生化指标的稳定性,所测血液生化指标值也可作为喜马拉雅旱獭饲养管理和疫病检测判断的参考依据。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism