脑出血患者急性期窦性心率震荡结果分析

目的:观察首次脑出血(intracerebral hemorrhage,ICH)患者急性期窦性心率震荡(heart rate turbulence,HRT)的变化特点.方法:从44例脑出血患者选择20例符合HRT分析条件的患者为脑出血组,选择无心脑器质性疾病且符合HRT分析条件的20例患者作为对照组.所有患者发病5天内行24小时动态心电图监测,计算并分析HRT指标震荡初始(turbulence onset,TO)、震荡斜率(turbulence slope,TS),同时收集患者临床资料.结果:与对照组TO、TS比较,脑出血组TO值升高有统计学意义(P＜0.05),TS值降低无显著性意义(P＞0.05).不同部位脑出血患者TO及TS差异无统计学意义(渐进显著性＞0.01).结论:脑出血组患者急性期的HRT减弱,自主神经功能受到损害,推测脑出血患者急性期心脏意外发生可能性大.左右半球、蛛网膜下腔出血时自主神经损害程度是否存在差异仍待探讨.     

脑出血患者脑脊液Abeta水平检测及其临床意义

目的:探讨脑出血患者脑脊液中amylid-beta(Aβ)40和Aβ42水平及其与出血量以及血肿周围低密体积相关性。方法:采集73例脑出血患者及72例健康对照的脑脊液标本,采用酶联免疫吸附法(Elisa)检测脑脊液中的Aβ40和Aβ42的水平,分析其与出血量和血肿周围低密度体积的相关性。结果:(1)脑出血患者脑脊液Aβ40和Aβ42水平显著高于健康对照组(P0.01)。(2)脑出血患者脑脊液Aβ40(r=0.549,P0.01;r=0.791,P0.01)和Aβ42(r=0.450,P0.01;r=0.440,P0.01)水平与出血量及血肿周围低密度体积呈正相关。结论:Aβ40和Aβ42水平为神经元损害的标志物,本研究提示脑脊液Aβ40和Aβ42水平对于判断脑出血严重程度具有临床参考价值。     

2型糖尿病下肢血管病变的危险因素分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病合并下肢血管病变的主要危险因素.方法:选择2011年2月至2012年2月我院收治的220例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,采用彩色多普勒超声对其双下肢血管进行检查,根据检查结果将患者分为下肢血管病变组与无下肢血管病变组,对两组患者的年龄、性别、腰围、体质量指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2hBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)进行测定及分析.结果:220例患者中,152例患者合并下肢血管病变,发生率69.1％.单因素分析表明年龄、SBP、2hBG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、TC、LDL-C等因素与合并下肢血管病变有关.而多因素分析表明年龄、TC、合并神经病变是引起2型糖尿病下肢血管病变的独立危险因素.结论:2型糖尿病患者下肢血管病变的发生较高,临床应根据上述危险因素进行积极干预及预防.     

超早期立体定向手术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效及对患者炎性因子和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨超早期立体定向手术治疗高血压脑出血(HICH)的疗效及对患者炎性因子和生活质量的影响。方法:选取2016年3月～2018年1月期间我院收治的HICH患者93例,两组均给予立体定向手术治疗,根据手术时机将患者分为早期组(n=45,发病6～24h内手术)和超早期组(n=48,发病6h内手术),比较两组疗效相关指标、炎性因子和生活质量,观察两组术后并发症发生情况。结果:超早期组病死率低于早期组,格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GOS)优良率高于早期组(P0.05),两组术后再出血率对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后2周白介素-6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均降低,且超早期组低于早期组(P0.05)。术后3个月、术后6个月超早期组心理健康、躯体健康、社会功能、物质生活等维度评分均高于早期组(P0.05)。超早期组术后并发症总发生率低于早期组(P0.05)。结论:超早期立体定向手术治疗HICH,疗效显著,可有效改善炎性因子水平及患者的生活质量,同时还可减少术后并发症的发生率。     

Association Between Circulating Copeptin Level and Mortality Risk in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: a Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

Copeptin has been identified as a biomarker of disease severity and is associated with mortality risk in several common diseases. This study sought to determine the association between circulating copeptin level and mortality risk in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. PubMed, Web of Science, and Wanfang Medicine Database were searched for studies assessing the association between circulating copeptin level and mortality risk in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of mortality was calculated and presented with 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI). Data from 1332 intracerebral hemorrhage patients were derived from 9 studies. Meta-analysis showed that intracerebral hemorrhage patients with poor prognosis had much higher copeptin levels than those survivors (standardized mean difference?=?1.68, 95 % CI 1.26–2.11, P?<?0.00001). Meta-analysis of 8 studies with HRs showed that high circulating copeptin level was associated with higher risk of mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (HR?=?2.42, 95 % CI 1.60–3.65, P?<?0.0001). Meta-analysis of 6 studies with adjusted HRs showed that high circulating copeptin level was independently associated with higher risk of mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (HR?=?1.67, 95 % CI 1.26–2.22, P?=?0.0003). Our study suggests that there is an obvious association between circulating copeptin level and mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. High circulating copeptin level is independently associated with higher risk of mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.     

颅内压监测在高血压脑出血患者治疗中的指导价值及术后再出血的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨颅内压监测在高血压脑出血患者治疗中的指导价值,并分析术后再出血的危险因素。方法：选取我院于2017年2月~2020年7月期间收治的70例高血压脑出血患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据有无颅内压监测将患者分为对照组31例和监测组39例。对比对照组、监测组围术期指标情况,对比对照组、监测组术后并发症发生情况,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析患者术后再出血的影响因素。结果：监测组甘露醇使用剂量少于对照组,重症监护室（ICU）住院时间、甘露醇使用天数短于对照组（P<0.05）。监测组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。本次研究纳入的70例高血压脑出血患者中,13例发生术后再出血纳为再出血组,再出血发生率为18.57%（13/70）;剩余的57例未再出血患者纳为未出血组。单因素分析结果可知,高血压脑出血患者术后再出血与发病至手术时间、凝血机制、术前血肿量、入院时收缩压（SBP）有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,发病至手术时间≤6 h、凝血机制异常、术前血肿量>60 mL、入院时SBP≥200 mmHg均是高血压脑出血患者术后再出血的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：颅内压监测在高血压脑出血患者治疗中的指导价值较高,高血压脑出血患者术后再出血与发病至手术时间、凝血机制、术前血肿量、入院时SBP相关,临床应给予高度重视并积极干预,以降低术后再出血发生率。     

脑卒中患者血管危险因素与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的研究脑卒中患者血管危险因素与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法受试者151人主要为脑梗死及椎-基底动脉供血不足病例。将所有受试对象行颈动脉超声检查,采用二分类变量的Logistic回归分析方法对其危险因素进行筛选,找出与颈动脉粥样硬化改变相关的因素。结果年龄及吸烟与颈动脉内中膜增厚之间存在相关性,P=0.006（OR=1.08,95%CI 1.02-1.14）和0.01（OR=5.09,95%CI 1.47-17.61）;年龄、吸烟同样与颈动脉斑块之间存在相关性,P=0.006（ORn=n1.06,95%CI 1.06-1.11）和0.04（ORn=2.97,95%CI 1.04-8.50）,收缩压与颈动脉斑块呈正相关,P=0.04（OR=1.03,95%CI 1.00-1.05）,舒张压与颈动脉斑块呈负相关P=0.04（OR=0.96,95%CI 0.92-1.00）。结论随年龄的增大动脉内中膜增厚及颈动脉斑块的患病率增加,吸烟者内中膜增厚及颈动脉斑块比率高于不吸烟者;收缩压增加颈动脉斑块患病率增加,舒张压增加斑块患病率下降。     

Prevalence and Risk Factors of CKD in Chinese Patients with Periodontal Disease

Background

Periodontal disease is common among adults and is associated with an increasing risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of CKD in patients with periodontal disease in China.

Methods

In the current cross-sectional study, patients with periodontal disease were included from Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital between March 2011 and August 2011. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m², the presence of albuminuria, or hematuria. All patients with periodontal disease underwent a periodontal examination, including periodontal probing pocket depth, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level by Florida Probe. They completed a questionnaire and had blood and urine samples taken. The adjusted prevalence of indicators of kidney damage was calculated and risk factors associated with CKD were analyzed.

Results

A total of 1392 patients with periodontal disease were invited to participate this study and 1268 completed the survey and examination. After adjusting for age and sex, the prevalence of reduced eGFR, albuminuria, and hematuria was 2.7% (95% CI 1.7–3.7), 6.7% (95% CI 5.5–8.1) and 10.9% (95% CI 9.2–12.5), respectively. The adjusted prevalence of CKD was 18.2% (95% CI 16.2–20.3). Age, male, diabetes, hypertension, history of CKD, hyperuricemia, and interleukin-6 levels (≥7.54 ng/L) were independent risk factors for reduced eGFR. Female, diabetes, hypertension, history of CKD, hyperuricemia, high level of cholesterol, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (≥1.03 mg/L) and TNF-α levels (≥1.12 ng/L) were independently associated with an increased risk of albuminuria. Female, lower education (<high school), and history of CKD were independent risk factors for hematuria.

Conclusions

18.2% of Chinese patients with periodontal disease have proteinuria, hematuria, or reduced eGFR, indicating the presence of kidney damage. Whether prevention or treatment of periodontal disease can reduce the high prevalence of CKD, however, remains to be further investigated.     

Effect of Decompressive Craniectomy on Perihematomal Edema in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background

Perihematomal edema contributes to secondary brain injury in the course of intracerebral hemorrhage. The effect of decompressive surgery on perihematomal edema after intracerebral hemorrhage is unknown. This study analyzed the course of PHE in patients who were or were not treated with decompressive craniectomy.

Methods

More than 100 computed tomography images from our published cohort of 25 patients were evaluated retrospectively at two university hospitals in Switzerland. Computed tomography scans covered the time from admission until day 100. Eleven patients were treated by decompressive craniectomy and 14 were treated conservatively. Absolute edema and hematoma volumes were assessed using 3-dimensional volumetric measurements. Relative edema volumes were calculated based on maximal hematoma volume.

Results

Absolute perihematomal edema increased from 42.9 ml to 125.6 ml (192.8%) after 21 days in the decompressive craniectomy group, versus 50.4 ml to 67.2 ml (33.3%) in the control group (Δ at day 21 = 58.4 ml, p = 0.031). Peak edema developed on days 25 and 35 in patients with decompressive craniectomy and controls respectively, and it took about 60 days for the edema to decline to baseline in both groups. Eight patients (73%) in the decompressive craniectomy group and 6 patients (43%) in the control group had a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 4) at 6 months (P = 0.23).

Conclusions

Decompressive craniectomy is associated with a significant increase in perihematomal edema compared to patients who have been treated conservatively. Perihematomal edema itself lasts about 60 days if it is not treated, but decompressive craniectomy ameliorates the mass effect exerted by the intracerebral hemorrhage plus the perihematomal edema, as reflected by the reduced midline shift.     

早发冠心病患者的危险因素及冠脉病变特点研究

目的:探讨早发冠心病(PCAD)患者的危险因素及冠脉病变特点。方法:收集2014年8月至2015年2月北京安贞医院急诊科行冠状动脉造影的1000例患者为研究对象,根据冠状动脉造影结果和临床资料分为早发冠心病(PCAD)组(男55岁,女65岁,n=340)、晚发冠心病组(n=300)和对照组(非冠心病者,n=360)。对三组患者的临床资料进行统计学分析,采用logistic回归分析PCAD患者的危险因素,并比较PCAD组与晚发冠心病组的冠状动脉病变特点。结果:Logistic回归分析结果提示:吸烟、早发冠心病家族史、高血压病及2型糖尿病是PCAD的独立危险因素(P0.001)。PCAD组单支病变比例显著高于晚发冠心病组(P0.05);回旋支、右冠状动脉病变比例低于晚发冠心病组(P0.05)。结论:吸烟、早发冠心病家族史、高血压病及2型糖尿病是PCAD的独立危险因素。早发冠心病患者冠脉病变主要累及前降支,单支病变多于晚发冠心病患者。     

老年高血压合并高脂血症并发缺血性心脏病患者的相关危险因素分析

摘要目的：探究老年高血压合并高脂血症并发缺血性心脏病患者的相关危险因素。方法：对我院2008年5月一2011年11月收治的老年高血压患者进行回顾分析,将合并高脂血症及缺血性心脏病患者纳入观察组,其余患者纳入对照组,对年龄、家族史等临床资料进行危险因素回归分析,总结其相关危险因素。结果：单因素分析发现,年龄、家族史、肥胖、糖尿病等9项因素存在统计学差异,将其纳入多因素COX模型分析,发现年龄、吸烟史、高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症、高水平C反应蛋白及高尿酸血症是影响老年高血压合并高脂血症并发缺血性心脏病的独立危险因素。结论：年龄、吸烟史、高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症、高水平C反应蛋白及高尿酸血症是影响老年高血压合并高脂血症并发缺血性心脏病的独立危险因素,对于存在危险因素的患者应及时进行早期干预,防止严重并发疾病的出现。     

两种途径介入治疗急性心肌梗塞疗效分析

目的：探讨对急性心梗患者行不同途径急诊经皮冠状动脉治疗（PCi）的临床疗效及预后。方法：选取我院自2011年1月至2012年12月收治的75例sT段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者作为研究对象进行回顾性调查,对比分析经桡动脉PCI（TRA—Pet）和经股动脉PCI（TFA—PCI）两组治疗疗效及出现并发症情况,包括比较两组穿刺成功率,手术时间,术中出血及术后局部及其他并发症等方面,并作统计分析,取P〈0．05为有统计学意义。结果：两组穿刺成功率及PCI手术成功率差异无统计学意义,P〉0．05。在手术操作时间上,TFA—PCI组明显长于TRA—PCI组,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05。TFA．PCI组局部并发症发生率为11．8％．远期并发症为2．9％。TRA-PCI组局部并发症发生率为2．4％,远期并发症为7．3％,两组差别显著,P〈0．05。结论：TRA—PCI和TFA—PCI在手术时间及术后并发症上有差异,TRA—PCI术中花时间较少,术后局部并发症要轻,值得在临床上推广,但是由于有远期并发症的危险,故术后应加强肝肾功能等的监测。     

心血管病患者并发肺部感染的病原菌分布及危险因素分析

目的:探讨心血管病患者并发肺部感染的病原菌分布特点及相关危险因素,以降低感染率。方法:选择2015年8月~2016年3月因心血管病入院治疗的154例患者为研究对象,收集其相关临床数据,进行回顾性分析,采集医院感染患者痰标本进行细菌培养,分析病原菌分布及危险因素。结果:154例心血管病患者并发肺部感染者25例,感染率为16.23%。共培养出病原菌27株,革兰阴性菌16株(占59.26%)、革兰阳性菌7株(占25.93%)及真菌4株(占14.81%)。单因素分析显示年龄、基础疾病、侵入性操作、抗生素使用、住院时间等与医院感染率有关,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);logistic回归分析发现,年龄(≥60岁)、有基础疾病、有侵入性操作、使用抗生素、住院时间(14天)是心血管病患者并发肺部感染的危险因素。结论:心血管病患者肺部感染的主要病原菌为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌等,应针对相关危险因素进行干预,以降低医院感染率。     

Mechanical Ventilation for Comatose Patients with Inoperative Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Possible Futility of Treatment

Background

Comatose patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) diagnosed as inoperative due to their severe comorbidity will be treated differently between countries. In certain countries including Japan, aggressive medical care may be performed according to the patients'' family requests although the effects on the outcome are obscure. For respiratory distress in comatose patients with inoperative acute ICH, the role of mechanical ventilation on the outcome is unknown. We speculated that the efficacy of a ventilator in such a specific condition is limited and possibly futile.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated the in-hospital mortality and further outcome of 65 comatose patients with inoperative ICH. Among the patients, 56 manifested respiratory distress, and the effect of the ventilator was evaluated by comparing the patients treated with and without the ventilator.

Results

The in-hospital mortality was calculated as 80%. A statistically significant parameter affecting the mortality independently was the motor subset on the Glasgow Coma Scale (P = 0.015). Among the patients who manifested respiratory distress, 7.7% of patients treated with a ventilator and 14.0% of patients not treated with a ventilator survived; an outcome is not significantly different. The mean survival duration of patients treated with a ventilator was significantly longer than the mean survival duration of patients not treated with a ventilator (P = 0.021). Among the surviving 13 patients, 7 patients died 5 to 29 months after onset without significant consciousness recovery. Another 6 patients suffered continuous disablement due to prolonged severe consciousness disturbances.

Conclusion

The current results indicate that treating comatose patients resulting from inoperative acute ICH may be futile. In particular, treating these patients with a ventilator only has the effect of prolonging unresponsive life, and the treatment may be criticized from the perspective of the appropriate use of public medical resources.     

阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆与血糖代谢水平的关系及危险因素分析

目的:研究阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆与血糖代谢水平的关系及危险因素。方法:选取2013年12月到2014年12月我院收治的阿尔茨海默病80例(A组)和血管性痴呆70例(B组),另选取同时期无痴呆者70例(对照组),测量三组入选者血糖各指标水平,并分析阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆的危险因素。结果:A组和B组空腹血糖(FPG)均显著高于对照组,胰岛素降解酶(IDE)显著低于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);B组糖尿病、冠心病和高血压疾病的发病率显著高于A组和对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),A组和B组高血脂发病率均显著高于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆均与FPD、IDE以及高血脂有较大关系,高血压、冠心病和糖尿病与血管性痴呆有较大关系。     

Risk Factors for Death in 632 Patients with Sickle Cell Disease in the United States and United Kingdom

Background

The role of pulmonary hypertension as a cause of mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD) is controversial.

Methods and Results

We evaluated the relationship between an elevated estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure and mortality in patients with SCD. We followed patients from the walk-PHaSST screening cohort for a median of 29 months. A tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV)≥3.0 m/s cuttof, which has a 67–75% positive predictive value for mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mm Hg was used. Among 572 subjects, 11.2% had TRV≥3.0 m/sec. Among 582 with a measured NT-proBNP, 24.1% had values ≥160 pg/mL. Of 22 deaths during follow-up, 50% had a TRV≥3.0 m/sec. At 24 months the cumulative survival was 83% with TRV≥3.0 m/sec and 98% with TRV<3.0 m/sec (p<0.0001). The hazard ratios for death were 11.1 (95% CI 4.1–30.1; p<0.0001) for TRV≥3.0 m/sec, 4.6 (1.8–11.3; p = 0.001) for NT-proBNP≥160 pg/mL, and 14.9 (5.5–39.9; p<0.0001) for both TRV≥3.0 m/sec and NT-proBNP≥160 pg/mL. Age >47 years, male gender, chronic transfusions, WHO class III–IV, increased hemolytic markers, ferritin and creatinine were also associated with increased risk of death.

Conclusions

A TRV≥3.0 m/sec occurs in approximately 10% of individuals and has the highest risk for death of any measured variable.

The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier

{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00492531","term_id":"NCT00492531"}}NCT00492531     

Factors Associated with Early Deterioration after Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Purpose

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with a poor prognosis overall. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and describe factors associated with early neurologic deterioration (END) after ICH.

Methods

We sought to identify any factor which could be prognostic in the absence of an intervention. The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, the Global Health Library, and PubMed were searched for primary studies from the years 1966 to 2012 with no restrictions on language or study design. Studies of patients who received a surgical intervention or specific experimental therapies were excluded. END was defined as death, or worsening on a reliable outcome scale within seven days after onset.

Results

7,172 abstracts were reviewed, 1,579 full-text papers were obtained and screened. 14 studies were identified; including 2088 patients. Indices of ICH severity such as ICH volume (univariate combined OR per ml:1.37, 95%CI: 1.12–1.68), presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (2.95, 95%CI: 1.57–5.55), glucose concentration (per mmol/l: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.03–4.47), fibrinogen concentration (per g/l: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.03–3.25), and d-dimer concentration at hospital admission (per mg/l: 4.19, 95%CI: 1.88–9.34) were significantly associated with END after random-effects analyses. Whereas commonly described risk factors for ICH progression such as blood pressure, history of hypertension, and ICH growth were not.

Conclusions

This study summarizes the evidence to date on early ICH prognosis and highlights that the amount and distribution of the initial bleed at hospital admission may be the most important factors to consider when predicting early clinical outcomes.     

Renal Function Outcomes and Risk Factors for Risk Factors for Stage 3B Chronic Kidney Disease after Urinary Diversion in Patients with Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

ObjectivesTo assess the effects of urinary diversion on renal function, we retrospectively investigated renal function over 5 years after urinary diversion using a propensity score matching strategy.MethodsBetween May 1996 and November 2013, 345 consecutive adult patients underwent radical cystectomy and urinary diversion in our hospital; one hundred and fifteen patients with more than a 5-year follow-up were enrolled. Propensity scores were calculated using logistic analysis, and the data used in the analyses included age, gender, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS), clinical tumor stage, presence of cardiovascular disease; hypertension; and type 2 diabetes and preoperative eGFR at the initial visit. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors for stage 3B chronic kidney disease (CKD) after the different types of urinary diversion.ResultsContinent and incontinent diversion were performed in 68 and 47 patients, respectively. The mean preoperative eGFR was significantly lower in the incontinent than in the continent group (P < 0.001). In propensity score-matched patients (n = 34 each), no significant differences were observed in pre- and postoperative eGFR and 5-year eGFR decrease rates between the groups. In the incontinent group, the number of postoperative stage 3B CKD patients was significantly increased than the continent group. Using multivariate analysis, independent risk factors significantly associated with stage 3B CKD at 5 years after surgery were older age, eGFR before surgery, incontinent diversion (cutaneous ureterostomy), and postoperative hydronephrosis.ConclusionsThe types of urinary diversion had no significant impact on renal function decline, whereas older age, preexisting impaired renal function, postoperative hydronephrosis, and cutaneous ureterostomy were independent risk factors for stage 3B CKD at 5 years after radical cystectomy.