The yeastKluyveromyces africanus nov. spec. and its phylogenetic significance

Summary A new budding yeast species isolated from soil is described. Its outstanding features are, firstly, the formation of asci containing up to sixteen long oval to reniform ascospores and, secondly, a fermentative as well as oxidative metabolism. The assimilation of nitrate is absent and no pseudomycelium is formed. The taxonomic position of the yeast is discussed and it is pointed out that, due to its exceptional ascospore number (1–16), it cannot be classified in any of the existing fermentative genera of theEndomycetaceae (in sensu Lodder et Kreger-van Rij). The reniform shape of its ascospores indicates, however, its close relationship with the multispored genusKluyveromyces, on the one hand, and the newly proposed one to four-spored genusDekkeromyces on the other. The species is provisionally classified as aKluyveromyces species,Kluyveromyces africanus nov. spec., until further information regarding its sexual characteristics becomes available. By virtue of its more or less intermediate ascospore number, it establishes the direct derivation of the genusDekkeromyces fromDipodascus uninucleatus via the multispored yeast genusKluyveromyces.     

Corynebacterium rubrum nov. spec. A gram-positive nonacid-fast bacterium of unusually high lipid content

Summary A new species of gram-positive, aerobic, nonacid-fast bacterium capable of producing large quantities of lipids has been described. Its morphologic and physiologic characteristics place it in the genusCorynebacterium, and the brilliant red color of its colonies has suggested for it the species namerubrum. The new species may be of particular interest to the immunologist, since it seems to have some of the adjuvant activities peculiar to acid-fast bacteria. This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grants G-4025 and G-13072.     

A New Species of Psychrophilic Basidiomycetous Yeasts Leucosporidium fasciculatum sp. nov.

A psychrophilic yeast with a basidiomycetous developmental cycle and properties corresponding to the genusLeucosporidium Fell et al. was isolated from the fruiting body of the edible spring mushroom Gyromitra esculenta Pers. picked near Moscow. However, the isolate differed from all Leucosporidium species described to date in a number of characteristics. The results of the study of the developmental cycle and of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties of the new isolate, strain KBP Y-3696, allow it to be assigned to a new species of the genus Leucosporidium.     

A taxometric analysis ofLimonium (Plumbaginaceae) in Western Europe

A taxometric analysis ofLimonium species in Western Europe has provided evidence for the subgeneric groupings proposed by other authors. A cluster analysis suggests that the origin of sexual and agamospermous species has taken place separately. Sexual and agamospermous species are usually clustered separately. The lack of a sexual process in many agamospermous species, as indicated by the distribution of incompatibility morphs and by very low pollen fertility, suggests that the evolution of sexual and agamospermous taxa has been by different processes. It is suggested that following the origin of agamospermous species or species groups by hybridisation, subsequent evolution in the agamospermous taxa has occurred by asexual means. Evidence from the distribution of pollen/stigma incompatibility morphs, especially the existence of self-compatible agamospermous species supports this hypothesis.     

Saprolegnia salmonis sp. nov. isolated from sockeye salmon,Onchrhynchus nerka

A saprolegniasis occurred in cultured sockeye salmon,Onchorhynchus nerka, raised in Hokkaido, Japan. The lesions were mainly observed in the head, peduncle region and the caudal fin. All strains isolated were morphologically classified in the genusSaprolegnia. They were identified as a new species in the genus from the characteristics of the sexual organs, and namedSaprolegnia salmonis.     

A new species of the genusBullera Derx

A new yeast species,Bullera piricola, is described. The three strains studied were all isolated from the pear phylloplane. This species differs from allBullera species known at present by forming symmetrical as well as asymmetrical ballistospores. The problem of its integration into the genusBullera Derx is discussed. An amended diagnosis of the genusBullera is given. A preliminary publication based on a doctoral thesis, being preparared under the direction of Prof. Dr. F. J. Schwinn.     

Endomycopsis montevidensis n. sp.

A new species of the genusEndomycopsis is proposed. It was isolated from wast water, at Montevideo-Uruguay.By its morphological and biochemical proprieties it differs from allEndomycopsis previously described.Este trabajo fue desarrollado en el Laboratorio de Micologia de la Facultad de Quimica de Montevideo, Uruguay y en uso de una beca de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco para perfeccio bamiento en el estudo de las levaduras.     

Schwanniomyces persoonii nov. spec.

Summary A new yeast,Schwanniomyces persoonii, isolated from soils from the Transvaal, has been described. A key to the genusSchwanniomyces has been given.     

The yeast genus Ambrosiozyma gen. nov. (ascomycetes)

Five ascogenous, filamentous yeast species characterized by the formation of septal pore bodies and a primary association with ambrosia beetles, are transferred to the new genusAmbrosiozyma. A key to the species of the genusAmbrosiozyma is given.

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Zusammenfassung Fünf ascogene, mycelbildende Hefenarten, die durch die Bildung von septalen Porenkörperchen und eine primäre Association mit Ambrosia Käfern charakterisiert sind, wurden in die neue GattungAmbrosiozyma überführt.Ein Bestimmungsschlüssel der Arten der Gattung wurde angegeben.

     

Metschnikowia lunata sp. nov.

Ascosporulation in the yeast strain designated asSelenotila intestinalis Krassilnikov was achieved. On the basis of mode of ascus formation and ascospore morphology it is included in the genusMetschnikowia Kamienski as a new species,M. lunata.     

Endomycopsis montevidensis n. sp.

A new species of the genusEndomycopsis is proposed. It was isolated from waste water, at Montevideo-Uruguay.By its morphological and biochemical proprieties it differs from allEndomycopsis previously described.

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Este trabajo fue desarrollado en el Laboratorio de Micologia de la Facultad de Química de Montevideo, Uruguay y en uso de una beca de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco para perfecciobamiento en el estudio de las levaduras.     

Wingea,a new genus of the Saccharomycetaceae

The yeast species previously described asPichia robertsii v. d. Walt has been transferred to the new genusWingea. The diagnosis for the genus is given.     

Morphological, physiological and molecular genetic characterization ofArabidopsis himalaica, with reference toA. thaliana

Arabidopsis himalaica (Edgeworth) O.E. Schulz, a poorly characterized species typical of HimalayanArabidopsis, was analyzed in terms of its morphology, physiology, chromosome number and molecular genetics, in comparison withA. thaliana which is the standard species in the genusArabidopsis. From view point of developmental genetics, several features which are specific toA. himalaica seem not to be derived by single-gene mutations inA. thaliana. Phylogenetic analyses based onrbcL sequences suggested that genusArabidopsis is not monophyletic. The detailed characterization ofA. himalaica should provide clues to understand the trait of evolution of particular features of Himalayan species ofArabidopsis and their genetic basis.     

Klebsiella planticola sp. nov.: A new species of enterobacteriaceae found primarily in nonclinical environments

The nameKlebsiella planticola sp. nov. is proposed for a group of organisms isolated primarily from botanical and daquatic environments. Both numerical and molecular taxonomy techniques show that the species belongs within the genusKlebsiella and that it is distinct from other described species of the genus. The new species has 3 biogroups.K. planticolla is phenotypically identical toK. pneumoniae in classical biochemical tests, but it is distinguishable fromK. pneumoniae based on its ability to grow at 10°C and its inability to produce gas from lactose at 44.5°C. Additional reactions that can be used in combination with the temperature criteria includel-sorbose fermentation and ability to utilize hydroxy-l-proline as a sole carbon source. Strain V-236 (ATCC 33531; CDC 4245-72) is the type strain of the new species.     

Kluyveromyces—A new yeast genus of theEndomycetales

Summary A new budding yeast has been isolated from soil. Its most striking feature is the formation, generally preceded by isogamous or heterogamous conjugation, of unusually large multispored asci. The organism possesses a strong fermentative ability, fermenting glucose, galactose, saccharose and raffinose for one-third. Nitrate is not assimilated. It forms a pellicle in malt extract. A pseudomycelium is also formed. Cytological examination showed the vegetative cells to be uninucleate. The relationship which this yeast shows with theDipodascaceae and, in particular, withDipodascus uninucleatus Biggs, is discussed. For the classification of the yeast the new genusKluyveromyces was created. For the species the nameKluyveromyces polysporus is proposed. The Latin diagnosis of both the genus and the species is given.     

Botryozyma nematodophila gen. nov., spec. nov. (Candidaceae)

The new genusBotryozyma with a single species,B. nematodophila is proposed for two isolates from nematodes (Panagrellus zymosiphilus) occurring in grapes with sour-rot. The new genus has typical ascomycetous characteristics and, being unable to produce ascospores, is placed in the family Candidaceae.     

Growth and pigment production byArthrobacter pyridinolis n. sp.

A new bacterium capable of growing on 2-hydroxypyridine as sole source of carbon and nitrogen was isolated from soil. During its growth on solid medium, approximately 50% of this substrate was converted to a brilliant blue crystalline pigment which was deposited extracellularly in the colony mass. The pigment was identical to that produced byArthrobacter crystallopoietes during its growth on 2-hydroxypyridine. The new isolate exhibited the typical cycle of morphogenesis characteristic of the genusArthrobacter. The organism is different from all other reported species ofArthrobacter. It is proposed that the organism be namedArthrobacter pyridinolis n. sp.List of Abbreviations MSP mineral salts phosphate basal culture medium containing 2-hydroxypyridine, yeast extract and trace salts - 2-HP 2-hydroxypyridine - PFU plaque forming units - G+C guanine+cytosine - T _m midpoint of thermal denaturation     

Fungi of Delhi I. A new species of the genus Sepedonium link

Summary Sepedonium maheshwarianum Mukerji isolated from Delhi air is described as a new species of the genusSepedonium Link. It differs from all the other existing species in its colony and aleuriospore characters. A short account of some of the existing species has also been given.     

Four new species of the genusSporobolomyces isolated from leaves in Thailand

Thirteen undescribed strains of ballistoconidium-forming yeasts, isolated from leaves collected in the suburbs and along the southeast seacoast of Bangkok, Thailand, were divided into four different groups in the genusSporobolomyces on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomical characteristics, and analyses of the sequences of 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer regions. DNA-DNA reassociation experiments with related species revealed that these four groups were four new distinct species.Sporobolomyces nylandii sp. nov.,S. poonsookiae sp. nov.,S. blumeae sp. nov. andS. vermiculatus sp. nov. are proposed for these strains.     

Molecular Systematics of Middle American Cichlid Fishes and the Evolution of Trophic-Types in ‘Cichlasoma(Amphilophus)’ and ‘C.(Thorichthys)’

The majority of Middle American cichlids are placed in the informal assemblage ‘Cichlasoma.’ The group is divided into eight sections which appear to be based primarily on trophic morphology. Although several members of ‘Cichlasoma’ have been used in ecomorphological, behavioral, and biogeographic studies, no phylogenetic hypotheses for the group exist. In an attempt to develop a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of ‘cichlasomine’ cichlids, we examined the evolution of the trophic specialization, substratum-sifting, in two sections, ‘Cichlasoma(Thorichthys)’ and ‘C.(Amphilophus),’ to determine whether the trait reflects common ancestry. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial cytochromebgene for 19 cichlids representing six sections of ‘Cichlasoma,’ and representatives of other Neotropical Cichlidae. Additional cichlid, and noncichlid outgroup sequences were included for a total of 22 taxa. The molecular phylogeny supports the recognition of the section ‘C.(Thoricthys)’ as a natural group, and we place those cichlids in the genusThorichthys.The phylogeny also depicts ‘C.(Amphilophus)’ as paraphyletic, with substratum-sifters and generalized predators forming separate nonsister clades. We recommend that the substratum-sifting clade of the section ‘C.(Amphilophus)’ be placed in the resurrected genusAstatheros.The generalized predator clade of ‘C.(Amphilophus)’ contains only two species, ‘C. (A.) citrinellum’ and ‘C. (A.) labiatum,’ which we place in the genusAmphilophus.The phylogenetic hypotheses generated indicate that the substratum-sifting generaThorichthysandAmphilophusdo not share a common ancestor. Reconstruction of the evolution of substratum-sifting is equivocal, requiring either the independent evolution of the trait on two separate occasions or its presence in a more inclusive clade and subsequent loss in nonsubstratum sifting species.